Toyo Eiwa University Repository / 東洋英和女学院大学学術リポジトリ
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Class Plan for Individuality
Get PDFThe purpose of this thesis is to help the primary school children think about their individuality.It is very important for the children to foster individuality. Individuality is the identity of children. With regard to elementary school children, in the first half of the class, I will think about the advantage of fostering individuality. In the second half of the class, I will discuss individuality as harmony in society. Children's repressing their individuality when knocking against the society when children foster individuality and just setting it to the society are amusing. Children are expected to notice the individuality fostered while devising it in society. Moreover, children are expected to catch their own individuality objectively by this class.departmental bulletin pape
Ars vivendi, Ars moriendi : Instructions for Salutary Living and Dying in the European Middle Ages
Get PDFIn the European Middle Ages when death dominated over life, preparing for death was an urgent moral problem influenced by the eschatology of that time. In order to free the people from a great adherence to life, unrest in the face of death, and fear of the Last Judgment, the “Art of the way of living”(ars vivendi) and the “Art of dying” (ars moriendi) taught the art of leading a salutary life and having a salutary death. According to the precepts of ars vivendi, it was important to recognize that life was meant as preparation for death and that a salutary dying was the consequence of a salutary life. Therefore, it was necessary to always meditate on death in order to lead a responsible life.
Ars moriendi was meant to help one to be spiritually prepared at one’s dying hour, and it gave concrete instructions for transit from this life to the hereafter. A fundamental idea of how to conquer the fear of death was a theology centered on the passion of Christ and his resurrection. For this reason, belief in the death of Christ was indispensable to people on their death beds. In addition, for a salutary dying it was thought necessary to consciously prepare for the last moment with a ceremony that supported the dignity of death. Sudden deaths and solitary deaths were regarded as ugly deaths, a consequence of a life that had not been salutary.
Corresponding to the spiritual change in the 15th century, the “Ars moriendi” became its own genre of literature. However, at that time it taught merely the art of dying without taking into consideration a salutary life. The most famous work was the “Ars moriendi of five temptations”. It describes the five temptations Satan used to tempt people on their death beds.
The Latin word “ars” means “art”. It is not meant here as a “skill” but a “creative work as art.” In the Middle Ages, “ars” was the highest form of human activity. Ultimately ars vivendi and ars moriendi aimed at turning death and dying into works of art.departmental bulletin pape
Arimasa Mori’s Essay on the Formation of the Personality
Get PDFAt the starting point of the educational reform after the World War Ⅱ in Japan,Shigeru Nanbara, President of the Tokyo University, continued to insist that human Revolution is needed to complete the democratic society in Japan. Although the Constitution and the Basic Act on Education has been established as the system Of Japanese government, it was the most important task that the human being oneself must be reformed toward the new person to maintain the new system. It was an ideal educational goal for Japanese to become to attain to “the full development of the personality” as written at the First article of the Basic Act on Education. Arimasa Mori who was a famous philosopher following after the Nanbara’s vision, has been trying to comlete the task of the human revolution in Japan by the way of his own philosophical way. His conclusion was that Japanese individuality and Japanese democratic society must be reformed and confirmed by the Christian Faith.departmental bulletin pape
Analysis of the Career Design Compulsory Course for First-Year Students at Toyo Eiwa University: A Study on Change in Students’ Attitudes Toward Campus Life and Career Planning
Get PDFThe main objective of this investigation was to clarify how the students who completed the Career Design course may have changed in their attitudes toward campus life and career planning. The information will then be utilized to further improve the career development program. To compare students’ attitudes before and after the course, identical questionnaire were given to them to fill out on the first and the last days of the course. Statements written on the last day of the course by
students were also analyzed and used as data. The analysis of the data indicated that though the Career Design course did not sufficiently help students to choose their future careers it did help them think more positively about themselves. It also enhanced their planning skills and ability to undertake activities throughout their four years at university in preparation for their future. In fact, the students who at first had been doubtful of the necessity of the course were satisfied and evaluated the course positively. These effects, however, may only be short-term ones. The authors believe the career education programs in their
university are still not sufficient. Therefore, they recommend that the university continue the current career education programs and improve support for students to help them realize their dreams. Needless to say, this includes continuing to improve the Career Design course.departmental bulletin pape
Foreign Resident Policy and Multicultural Coexistence in Japan and South Korea
Get PDFSouth Korea, experiencing a rapidly declining birthrate and aging population, has in recent years adopted proactive policies to open its doors to foreigners through marriage and labor. If Japan continues with its adhoc policy on foreigners followed until now, the country may well fall behind South Korea, a country hammering out foreigner-friendly policies in rapid-fire succession. If South Korea further pulls down legal barriers to hiring foreign care workers in the country, these foreigners may give up going to Japan and choose Korea instead. South Korea introduced a “work permit system” in 2004 to accept unskilled foreign laborers as regular workers under government supervision. A “visiting work system” was implemented in 2007 as an incentive to expand the jobs that ethnic-Korean foreigners (those from China and the former Soviet Union) can take. Meanwhile, the number of international marriages arranged by matchmaking companies has climbed quickly since 2000 due to the difficulty South Koreans have finding marriage partners in farming and fishing villages and among the urban lower class. The South Korean government is boldly taking the initiative by creating laws and formulating a barrage of policies on settlement assistance and social integration for foreigners. As of now, South Korean policy on foreigners is not an “immigration” policy meant to gain permanent residents. Instead, the focus is on securing a manual labor force in the short-term. Therefore, the number of lawfully settled foreign workers is not rising. Yet more than “multicultural coexistence,” the goal of these foreign resident policies contains a strong element of assimilation that unilaterally demands conformity with South Korean society. The children of international couples are expected to build bridges between the countries of their fathers and mothers, and they are receiving assistance in the form of bilingual education, scholarships and the like with the help of the government and privately run institutions. In terms of “economic rationale,”the children of international couples are seen as “useful” persons for a globalizing South Korea. This is how South Korea is very systematically adopting generous social assistance policies for certain foreigners. However, these recent South Korean policies on foreign residents are based on national selfinterest and push immigrants toward assimilation into South Korean society, a far cry from coexistence with foreigners or the creation of a multicultural society. I argue that Japan should use South Korea’s example as food for thought when considering its own immigration policy in the future.departmental bulletin pape
Class Plan for "Nefarious Villain Shot Dead"
Get PDFIn this class junior high school students examine a nefarious villain who kills a lot of people,
deprives them of money, and is shot dead by government officials at the end. The cruel event relating to such a nefarious villain causes people deep and intense sorrow as well
as anger. It seems that deep and intense feelings of sorrow and anger remain even if the nefarious villain is shot dead. How is the feeling of deep and intense sorrow and anger relieved? Has the nefarious villain shot dead expiated his crimes?departmental bulletin pape
Class Plan for the February 26th Incident
Get PDFThe purpose of this class plan is to help the junior high school students understand the February 26th Incident. The young officers of the army led about 1,300 soldiers in an attempt to stage a coup d’etat on February 26, 1936. With this, the February 26th Incident broke out. The young officers killed and wounded the important persons of the government and occupied Prime Minister’s Office. They believed that the people were suffering hard lives because the important persons of the government were mistaken in the national plicies they adopted. Therefore, the young officers thought that the development of the country could be achieved if the important persons of the government were removed, and the Emperor was enabled to decide policies directly. At first, the heads of the army took the actions that agreed with the young officer’s ideas. However, from the beginning, Emperor Hirohito strongly requested the young officers’ forces to be repressed. Because Emperor Hirohito trusted the important persons of the government, he felt fury toward the young officers who had murdered them. The heads of the army understood the strong anger of Emperor Hirohito, and changed to a policy of repressing the young officers’ forces. They identified the young officers’ forces as rebels, and repressed them. The young officers’ coup d’etat was thus suppressed. I want the junior high school students to understand most of all the difference in ideas between Emperor Hirohito and the young officers. The young officers thought that the country should be developed by the direct decision of Emperor Hirohito, and had high expectations of the emperor. However, Emperor Hirohito did not think that the functions of a modern nation should be decided by the emperor directly. He thought that the important persons of the government were playing an important role in developing the nation. It was an unrequited love that the young officers held such high expectations of Emperor Hirohito. In the following class, the junior high school students are made to examine the desires of the heads of the army after the February 26th Incident. However, a detailed content of the following class is omitted in this outline.departmental bulletin pape
Children and Shadow in Human Expression:A Communicative Interplay for Artistic Creation
Get PDFIn order to examine what expression means to children and how the environment nurtures their expression, two case studies will be highlighted in this article. These case studies involve using shadow to observe children’s creative expression when engaged in an interplay between themselves and another material. The first case focuses on “Playing with Shadows,” a project conducted at Reggio Emilia, an Italian preschool, and the second involves “Wayang Kulit ? Encounter and Connection through Shadow,” an experiment arranged at a primary school for the hearing impaired in Ishikawa Prefecture as a part of the author’s joint research at the National Museum of Ethnology.
The study has revealed that shadow as a material for children’s expression plays a role in “joining” two different worlds such as those of existence and nonexistence, science and art, the sense of sight and that of touch, big and small, and reality and unreality. These case studies demonstrate that a unique sense of time and space can be generated in such a dialogue between children and shadow. That is when and where children’s creativity blossoms.departmental bulletin pape