Toyo Eiwa University Repository / 東洋英和女学院大学学術リポジトリ
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Imagery in Psychological Recovery from Trauma Caused by Earthquakes : Images of Namazue
Get PDFIn this article, the process of psychological recovery from trauma caused by a major earthquake through the use of namazu (gigantic catfish) drawings (called namazue in Japanese) is examined. Namazue can bee seen in the tile block print pictures found in kawaraban, newspapers of the Tokugawa Period, several of which were published around the time of the Great Ansei Earthquake (1855) which struck Edo (Tokyo) at the end of the Edo Period.
Ordinary people in Edo used catfish to symbolize the damage caused by the earthquake and their feelings toward it. According to Komatsu (1995), they were able to reduce their earthquake-related fear and anxiety through namazue. Komatsu classified the psychological modification process of the images of namazue into four categories: a) Direct expression, b) Imagery representing cursing, c) Personified and ambiguous images, and d) Images of recovery.
This process is then compared with that of post-traumatic play therapy. Using a drawing of one elementary school student who suffered from a recent earthquake experience as an example, the same self-healing process of creating images of namazue can be seen.
In conclusion, for reconstruction in the disaster area of the Great East Japan Earthquake to proceed, the author recommends that: 1) people should be mindful of the potential psychological effects that namazue may have on psychological recovery from trauma; 2) people should trust their own, innate human power of recovery; and 3) an environment should be created in which the psychological recovery process can proceed smoothly.departmental bulletin pape
A Meta-analysis of Empirical Research on Internet Addiction in Japan
Get PDF本稿は、その定義や指標に焦点を当てながら、日本国内における「インターネット依存」に関する調査研究のメタ分析を行うものである。
CiNiiやNDL-OPACから「インターネット依存」や「携帯電話依存」についての実証的研究を行った論文53編を抽出して分析したところ、海外の状況と同様にその定義や用語の使い方が曖昧であることが明らかになった。また、指標については、DSM-IVを転用したYoung（1996, 1998）の尺度を基盤にするものに加え、自由回答から作られた項目で構成される尺度が開発されているという独自性が見られた。サンプルや因果関係の仮定に偏りがあることも問題点として挙げられた。
日本でも「インターネット依存」の概念検討は不充分な状況にあり、言葉のみが拡散している可能性がある。本稿では、このような状況で「インターネット依存」に対する対策が採られることには注意が必要であると主張している。journal articl
Preventive Intervention of Child Abuse and Attachment Disturbance : A Review of the Healthy Families America
Get PDFChild maltreatment is a serious public health problem. Leeb et al.(2007) defined child maltreatment as “any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child”. Child maltreatment not only results in acute physical injuries but also predicts mental health problems, and adult relationship problems. In the interest of improving child maltreatment prevention, Berlin et al.(2011) examined mediators of the associations between mother’s maltreatment history and offspring victimization. Their findings suggest two mediators: social isolation, and social information processing patterns. Because both social isolation and aggressive response biases could be improved through enhancing mothers’ relationship skills, interventions that directly target mothers’ relationship skills may be especially valuable for mothers with histories of child maltreatment. For example, the Healthy
Families America (HFA) model is an intensive early intervention program that targets at-risk mothers and families through home visitation services. This study examined the effects of HFA on mothers’ relationship skill and positive parenting. Findings are discussed in terms of specific implication for child maltreatment prevention.departmental bulletin pape
The Pattern of the Philosophical Thought of John Smith : The Discourse on the Excellency and Nobleness of True Religion
Get PDFThis paper deals with the discourse on The Excellency and Nobleness of True Religion by John Smith (1618-52), a christian philosopher of the Cambridge Platonists.It aims to clarify the pattern of his philosophical thought in terms of the co-operation or the interaction of Christianity and philosophy. For this purpose we examine the following points in accordance with the order of the contents of the discourse. 1. The title and the Bible passage of the discourse. 2. The nature and essence of true religion. The following three points are examined here. (1) The good man is driven to action by the power of true religion, and lives beyond mundane delights and glories. (2) The good man lives in converse with his own reason. (3) The good man goes beyond himself and is made to have an intimate fellowship with divinity. 3. The properties and operations of true religion. This is the principal part of the discourse and examines the following seven points. (1) True religion makes the soul of the good man magnanimous. (2) True religion enables the good man to control self-will by the power of reason. (3) True religion enables the good man to live for the glory of God, the supreme existence and to become like God. (4) True religion brings to the soul of the good man the true serenity and the unspeakable joy. (5) True religion enables the soul of the good man to approach to God with holy boldness and to have an intimate fellowship with god with the humbleness of heart. (6) True religion raises the soul of the good man from the earthly things to the divine things, and from the sphere of senses to the sphere of wisdom. (7) True religion enables the soul of the good man freely to obey the providence and will of God.
The conclusion to be drawn from the above examination is that the argumentation of Smith by means of the parallel use of the Bible and the ancient philosophy is not a mere mixture or compromise but is ightly called integration. To him the Bible was the original spring of truth filled with the abundance of God, the supreme good. Also to him the ancient philosophy was the indispensable instrument to dig out the original spring and also the key to open up the treasury. In the philosophical thought of Smith Christianity and philosophy are held in harmonious integration.departmental bulletin pape
A Study on Perceptions of Death by Nurses Working in Palliative Care Units : Impact on the Formation of Life and Death Views
Get PDFNurses who have been working for a long time in palliative care units face deep into the lives of the patients and their families. Despite the various stresses and dilemmas, they never run away. They find great value in keeping close to patients and their families. They have found great value in continuing to keep close, viewing this as a positive way of dealing with stress. They view the significance of their work not only as nurses who face the lives and deaths of their patients but also as people of sensibility who are able to accumulate the realization that they have gained growth and learning. In response, it has been shown that there is a major transformation in the formation of their views of life and death and in the attitudes of their hearts. This study will clarify the above-mentioned process and suggest the possibilities of: 1) basic nursing education and the significance of the promotion of death education from early childhood; 2) postgraduate guidance in the ways of viewing life and death education and practical assistance to patients in the terminal stages of illness and their families. The study suggests that such measures may contribute to raising the quality of end-of-life care across a range of circumstances, not limited to particular diseases such as cancer and to patients in palliative care units.departmental bulletin pape
Keeping an Eye on the Dead : Narratives of Death and their Significance in Tibet
Get PDFIn this article, the author first summarizes his presentation given at the symposium organized by the Institute of Thanatology, Toyo Eiwa University on 23 July 2013. In the symposium presentation, the interaction between the living and the dead in Tibetan Buddhist literature and the influences of pre-Buddhist beliefs about life and death were explained. In addition to the summary, the meaning of telling stories of life after death in traditional Tibetan societies is also comprehensively examined in this article. Religious materials including the Tibetan Book of the Dead: The Great Book of Natural Liberation Through Understanding in the Between (bar do thos grol chen mo), the Delok (’das log) or the Tibetan Buddhist popular narratives of death and the afterlife, and a Bonist sacred book called Zermig (gZer-mig: “Piercing Eye”) or the hagiography of Tönpa Shenrab who is considered the founder of the Bon religion are cited to do this. The author concludes that the narratives of death and the afterlife in traditional Tibetan societies explain the importance of showing courtesy and offering prayers to the souls of deceased persons, and also function as a guide to the principles and methods of educating people about death.departmental bulletin pape