Toyo Eiwa University Repository / 東洋英和女学院大学学術リポジトリ
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ISHIBASHI Tanzan's Purge Caused by the Extraordinary Tax Legislation Problem
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A Reevaluation of Acknowledging the Dead : Toward a Deeper Integration of Death and Life Studies with Medical Treatment
Get PDFIn this article, the author points out the importance of integrating a recognition of “the existence of the dead” into the work of medical professionals. In the past there has been a common intent to present the possibility of a meaningful death in the socio-historical research on death by such pioneers of death and life studies as G. Gorer and P. Ariès. The model of acceptance of death in the medical profession was also outlined by E. Kübler-Ross and investigated in the hospice movement by C. Saunders. However, it cannot be said that there are yet any smoothly functioning cooperative endeavors between death and life studies researchers in the humanities and social sciences and those in the medical profession.
In particular, one area that has been stressed in death and life studies, but which has not been taken advantage of at the clinical level has been the appraisal and reevaluation of relating “tales” in which the dead are connected with the living. These ties between the dead and living have been expressed repeatedly in tales from a wide range of cultures so as to form, in a sense, a common model of life and death. One event that clearly showed that sharing tales about life and death can provide strong support to the dead and their bereaved family members was the interaction between bereaved family members of those who perished in the 1985 crash of Japan Air Lines Flight No. 123 and the residents of Ueno village in Gunma Prefecture, which was part of the crash site.
While this common consciousness about life and death would be expected to be strongly explored among those in the medical field caring for patients, a 2007 questionnaire on views of death and life conducted at the 134 University of Tokyo Hospital found that among doctors there was a low percentage who believed in an after-life. In that context, what is of interest is the publication in recent years of personal accounts by doctors such as Dr. Kakizoe and Dr. Yahagi, which describe their experiences with losing people to death. Those accounts express what occurred in their own grief work and their strong conviction of the presence of the dead.
The author concludes that having doctors themselves become aware of the connections between the dead and living is a requisite for their understanding of spiritual care. It is the writer’s view that the accumulating research findings in the field of death and life studies will encourage a greater such awareness. That such knowledge is included within education and training, especially within medical faculties, is essential.departmental bulletin pape
Dreams and Related Phenomena in the Epic of Gilgamesh: Precognition, Dream Interpretation, Vision of the Other World, and the Unconscious Mind
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ASAKAWA Kan'ichi's Idealism and Realism : A Case Study of the Academic Origins of the American Concept of Japan's "Emperor-Based" Democracy
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The Power of Narration among Children : The Telling of Supernatural Tales in School
Get PDFIn this paper, the author discusses “Gakkou no Kwaidan” in relation to the psychological development of schoolchildren. Originally, “Gakkou no Kwaidan” were tales of the supernatural circulated by word of mouth among schoolchildren. After Toru Tsunemitsu, a junior-high-school teacher, collected and edited them into a book in 1990, a boom of new “Gakkou no Kwaidan” publications arose and continued through the 1990s. The author points out, however, that the boom of newly published tales reduced school children’s primitive power of narrating these stories themselves.
In this article, the original tales of the supernatural in school, “Gakkou no Kwaidan” will be the focus. Why do children tell “Gakkou no Kwaidan?” Why do they like narrating the tales? The author explains two reasons for this. The first is from the viewpoint of “the sense of self” in childhood, and the second is from the viewpoint of the special space of school where children are experiencing life together.
First, many researchers in developmental and clinical psychology have stressed a turning point in an 8-10 year old child’s sense of self. It is a fundamental restructuring of the self. After that occurs, they begin to be aware of the existence of “another me” (an objective self) in themselves. The author proposes that sometimes this can emerge in a mysterious and/or supernatural form.
Furthermore, the author explains the significance of the power of narration. Children experience various feelings in school life such as delight, happiness, sadness, distress, rage, loneliness and so on. Unfortunately, there is also severe bullying at some schools that many children go through which can wound them deeply. In this case, narrating tales of the supernatural in school can give children reassurance, and has a great power to bring peace to 206 them and others who have been injured. In other words, the narration of such stories could be seen as a requiem of sorts.
In conclusion, the author emphasizes the power of narrating “Gakkou no Kwaidan” and people should be careful not to underestimate or reduce the positive power this may have for children.departmental bulletin pape
Who Listens to Their Stories? : How Religious Professionals are Dealing with Occult Phenomena in the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster Areae
Get PDFIn this paper, the author provides an overview of how religious professionals (i.e. Buddhist monks, Christian pastors, etc.) are dealing with socalled occult phenomena in the tsunami stricken areas after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Most of the ghost tales seem to result from a variety of unconscious anxieties but there are no professional support workers available for people to consult with about them other than religious people, especially Buddhist monks. Furthermore, even these religious people do not necessarily have any particular prescription that has been prepared by their sect or denomination to deal with such tales. However, this could be an advantage for them from the viewpoint of spiritual care, because it makes it possible for them to listen in an open and frank manner, and with an unbiased view to these stories.
The main characteristics of the care provided by such religious professionals is that they aim not only at removing troubling symptoms as medical doctors do, but also aim for creating a better quality of life for people by restoring their views of life and the world. The experts do this through conducting religious ceremonies intended to bring peace to the restless souls of the dead. Even if they believe that the “true” cause of occult phenomena is some secular anxiety, they deal with these phenomena as religious or spiritual issues instead of reducing them to secular matters to be resolved by secular means. This is why religious people can take a unique role among caregivers and it is of importance to reconsider the role of the religious professionals as social capital.departmental bulletin pape
Cantare! The word dwells in us
Get PDF“Cantare! Sing!” This was the favorite word of the great Italian opera conductor Alturo Toscanini in orchestra rehearsals. What was Toscanini asking for? This is related to the question: When did humans begin to sing? Why do humans sing? As a vocalist and as a teacher, I had always asked myself this question, because I could not teach what I wanted to teach. Of course, I have had many wonderful and happy experiences with singers. They sing with their own heart, spirit, will and thought. Singing is an expression of the depths of the human mind. What do I want to teach? Singing. Singing comes from within a person. We can sing with a person, but we cannot teach a person to sing. Singing is also telling a story. Telling a story is a part of our humanity. We have a story within us, and we live this story. We sing words, and we think in words. We also have problems with language, especially when we are dealing with Japanese. I had the valuable experience of receiving Sprecherziehung (speech education) dealing with the German language. I would like to apply what I have learned to the Japanese language.departmental bulletin pape
Desirable self-expression in undergraduate students : Relationship with achievement motives, affiliation motives, and other-consciousness
Get PDFThis study examined desirable self-expression in interpersonal situations along four dimensions: open expression, control of emotion, consideration for others, and self-direction. Additionally, the study analyzed whether achievement and affiliation motives, as well as other-consciousness related to desirable self-expression. Study participants included 328 undergraduate students completed a questionnaire.
Desirable self-expression was defined as avoiding excess consideration for others, controlling anxiety and tension, and openly expressing oneself based on self-direction. Therefore, the study found that self-fulfillment motive and sensitivity to rejection were related to desirable self-expression. As sensitivity to rejection increased, women did not regard decision-making based on self-direction as an appropriate reaction. Further, as other-consciousness increased, women tended to regard consideration for others as desirable.departmental bulletin pape
History Textbook Dialogues in European Integration : The Process and Limitations of the Actors
Get PDFThis paper describes cross-sectoral dialogues concerning history textbook revisions aimed at promoting a common historical awareness in the European Union and examines the ways in which this process has affected European integration. Initiated as a mutual assessment of textbooks in the inter-war period aimed at preventing prejudice against other European states, history textbook dialogues eventually evolved into arguments about the history education of citizens of the European community and the multilateral community in the post Cold War aimed at fostering collaborative development. By analyzing previous research and official activity reports of the respective actors involved in the process, including Germany, France, Poland, the Council of Europe, UNESCO, the Georg-Eckert Institute, and EUROCLIO, this study demonstrates the limitations of the activities aimed at enhancing a common historical awareness. This research suggests that existing difficulties and obstacles need to be overcome before history textbook dialogues can make possible the establishment of mutual understanding among the European states. It concludes that continuous observation and further study are requireddepartmental bulletin pape