Toyo Eiwa University Repository / 東洋英和女学院大学学術リポジトリ
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The Significance of Activities in Which Children Experience Nature in a Child Care and Early Childhood Educator Training Course:A case study of the “Forest Kids” activity jointly run by Toyo Eiwa University and the Yokohama local government
Get PDFIn recent years, the MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) Japan has been promoting nature activities for children. It is because it has been found in investigations that such activities have had an important educational effect on children. In recent years, however, the number of natural areas has decreased. Therefore, chances for children to experience nature have also decreased.
In 2012 Toyo Eiwa University and the Yokohama local government created a nature activity program for parents and children in the region. The place provided for this was the wooded area on the campus of Toyo Eiwa University. According to the results of a survey, satisfaction of parents and children who participated in this program was high. From these results, it is recommended that this program and other such programs at universities that train childcare workers and early childhood educators should continue to be developed.departmental bulletin pape
Dilemma between Doctrine and Secular Values : Why Buddhist Priests Support Homeless People
Get PDFIt has become common in recent years to see religious groups participate more in activities that benefit society in Japan. Religious doctrine, however, is not always in accord with secular values. For instance, Pure Land Buddhism is based on a series of beliefs that no one can achieve awakening through one’s own efforts in the present world and people cannot break away from reincarnation (saṃsāra) unless devoted to attaining Birth in the Pure Land (Ōjō). In its doctrine, reciting the Nenbutsu, a prayer that repeats of the sacred name of Amit?bha Buddha, is the only practice needed to achieve Birth in the Pure Land. Those who wish to attain this Birth, are not required to perform any other religious practices, let alone do any social contribution activities at all. If it is the most important task for religious leaders such as Buddhist priests and monks to disseminate religious values, how do they deal with the gap between their sacred and secular values? In this article, resolving the dilemma between religious practice and undertaking social activities through an example of Buddhist priests in the J?do-sh? denomination of Pure Land Buddhism in Japan who are involved in supporting the homeless, will be discussed. In particular, some findings that were discovered were that although Buddhist priests historically tended to consider doing social activities as deriving from altruism in Mahayana Buddhism, which is the broader concept of their religious denomination’s values, priests have tended to start supporting the homeless for no specific religious reason in contemporary society. Many of them, however, consider such volunteer work as something from which they can receive knowledge and learn, and not necessarily as an activity in which they only give of themselves. Such priests tend to deepen their faith through volunteer work. In that sense, volunteering can be an important chance to learn more about their own religious doctrine firsthand.departmental bulletin pape
A Case Study Concerning the Effectiveness of the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Approach:From the Perspective of Stress Coping
Get PDFThis paper examines the effectiveness of the cognitive-behavioral therapy approach through a case study. The case concerned an adult man who was obliged to take leave from work due to maladaptation in the workplace. The cause of his condition was seen to be excessive stress. In psychotherapy sessions, a cognitive-behavioral therapy approach from the viewpoint of stress coping was adopted, and the man’s awareness about how to face work and working relationships was expanded. Finally, he was able to return to work and adapt to his workplace. It was concluded that his self-understanding was deepened through the cognitive-behavioral therapy approach.departmental bulletin pape
Mount Kailash and Its Legends
Get PDFThere are many sacred mountains in Tibet, among them the most important being Mount Kailash. Since primeval days to the present, Tibetans have regarded Kailash as an object of worship, believing that it is the place where various gods reside. Aṅgaja, one of the Sixteen Arhats, dwells with a retinue of 1,300 arhats there, and Jetsun Milarepa lived and held his contest of miracles with the Bönpo Naro Bönchung on the mountain. Those beliefs in the mountain as a sacred place still live on and are practiced not only in Tibetan Buddhism, but also in other traditional religions such as Bön, which is based on animism and ancestor worship.
Furthermore, Kailash has been often identified as the Snow Mountain mentioned in some Indian Buddhist texts, including the Abhidharmakośakārikā (Verses on the Treasury of Abhidharma), The Avataṃsaka Sūtra (Flower Garland Sutra), and so forth. Some Tibetan Buddhist monks, however, have criticized this view, saying that the identification has no objective evidence, and that most of the stories about Kailash are only legends because they lack logical or rational grounds. In this paper, the author shall attempt to examine the relationship between those two mountains as well as the position of Mount Kailash in Tibetan Buddhism, by referring to some Tibetan texts authored by Sakya Paṇḍita Kunga Gyeltsen (1182-1251), Chödrak Yéshé (1453-1524), and Chökyi Lodrö (1801-59). Additionally, the significance of pilgrimage to Mount Kailash in Tibetan religious life will be also investigated, through appreciating the poetry of Shabkar Tsokdruk Rangdrol (1781-1851), who spent much of his life in mountain retreats.departmental bulletin pape
Learning from 100 Years of the History of Mental Health and Medical Welfare Measures in Japan
Get PDFIn Japan, the mental health and medical welfare measures started in 1900. About 100 years have already passed. In recent years, various client-centered measures have been promoted based on the philosophy of “from hospital-based care to community-based support.” Today in the relevant areas of mental health and medical welfare, the cooperation among medical care, health care, welfare, employment, housing support are strengthened.
In this paper, I will first summarize the historical changes in the past 100 years of mental health and medical welfare measures. Second, I will discuss the main issues in the field of mental health and medical welfare that is undergoing a rapid transformation these days.departmental bulletin pape
On the Interpretations of the Teaching “Prosperity of the Family and One’s Descendants” in Konkokyo and their Relation to the Suicide of the Founder’s Brother
Get PDFIn Konkōkyō, a sect of the Shinto religion founded in 1859, the dominant teaching “prosperity of the family and one’s descendants” has been taught and nurtured in the tradition since the Founder Konko Daijin’s era. This teaching is based on his words and the divine words of Kami. Indeed, Konkōkyō ministers and believers have shared and accepted such “family values.” On the other hand, people’s sense of values and family structures have become more diverse in Japanese society today, and the number of single-parent families, stepfamilies in which family members may not be related genetically, and unmarried persons has also increased.
Since these contemporary phases of paradigm change within the family have become even more fluid in the 21st century, a backlash against gender equality and sexual minorities has sometimes occurred. Similarly, in a part of Shinto and some new Japanese religions, conservatives may discriminate against and suppress those people who are not seen as belonging to a “proper” family. However, Konkōkyō does not impose conservative family values on its believers. It is because Konkōkyō’s way of salvation is through a face-toface dialogue called Toritsugi, a practice which has been handed down from the Founder. Nevertheless, in the Konkōkyō Organization’s recent policy to return to these traditions, family is emphasized as a means to rebuild community and to encourage the faith being passed down. In this trend, the dominant teaching is being paid closer attention to now.
In this article, through analyzing various interpretations of the suicide of 166 Konko Daijin’s brother who had a mental illness, the power of the inclusion or exclusion of vulnerable and troubled people in society are examined. In particular, the author illustrates how minorities and people suffering from illness are explained according to Konkōkyō religious teachings.departmental bulletin pape
A Study of the Role and Responsibility of the State in Childcare Services
Get PDFIn Japan, the Deregulation Action Program approved by the Cabinet in 1995 was the motive to actively promote anew a variety of deregulations and regulatory reforms. Such significances have continued to be an issue in the policy of decreasing birth rate and the number of children on enrolment waiting. There are divers’ childcare services in Japan, licensed day care centers, center for early childhood education and care, company-led childcare business, non-licensed day care facilities, so on. For example, ‘licensed day care centers’ are day care centers that have been approached by prefectural governors in accordance with specific criteria and child welfare facilities that observe child welfare center minimum standards on facilities and operation and provide care based on day care center care guidelines. However, the quality of the childcare is decreasing with deregulation. The research thus highlights the importance of developing policies that recognise the distinctive responsibilities of the public and voluntary sectors as well as maintaining the independence and equality of the two sectors.departmental bulletin pape