Toyo Eiwa University Repository / 東洋英和女学院大学学術リポジトリ
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The displayed power from one’s post in disaster : The raison d’etre of people who take the post upon oneself
Get PDFThis paper aims to study the role of one’s post during and after a disaster based on the narratives of the victims, and meaning was given to the effects of one’s post on oneself and those around them.
As a result, it became clear that : 1) awareness of one’s post had a motivating power upon disaster victims to work upon themselves and those around them, and to take the next action; 2) interpersonal relationships formed before the disaster affected the power strongly; 3) those who assumed their responsibilities accompanying their posts worked as a reverse connection to link the reality and their intentions?i.e., ‘despite ..., I will ....’; and 4) awareness of one’s post played a role in the restoration of the stricken areas.departmental bulletin pape
Re-reading The Epic of Gilgamesh:Perspectives from Ancient Views of Life and Death into the Future
Get PDFThe ‘Standard Version’ of The Epic of Gilgamesh, which is conjectured to have been established in the 11 century BC in Ancient Mesopotamia, originally consisted of eleven tablets, not twelve. It was well known in Mesopotamia that when a story was written on a set of tablets, the end of each tablet would have had a ‘catch-line’ identical to the first line of the next tablet. We can find these ‘catch-lines’ on each tablet of this epic showing us which tablet should follow.
It is easy to interpret the epic as the unsuccessful journey of Gilgamesh, as M. Eliade did in his book: Histoire des croyances et des idées religieuses 1, 1976, 92. However, the ‘Standard Version’ of the epic was, in the present author’s view, a unique literary piece in which the editor seems to have concealed a number of devices, tricks, and riddles. The first step in solving the riddles seems to be to recognize the six lines at the end of the 11th tablet as ‘catch-lines’, which become a clue to decoding the message indicating that one should back to the same wording on the 1st tablet, in the preface written by the editor. This means that one must read the story repeatedly, always going back to the beginning, in order to identify and solve the riddles step by step in a continual reading of the whole work.
The epic was probably a special piece that functioned primarily as a text book for the long-term training of the āšipu, the Mesopotamian shaman, and his professional circle of colleagues and candidates for āšipu, such as scribes, diviners, and physicians. Secondly, the epic which has been beloved by many as a popular work until our time, would have been helpful in the individuation process of human beings, as Rivkah Schärf Kluger has argued: “In the hero myth in particular, there is one character, the hero, who is the actor in a continuous sequence of events. The hero can, therefore, be considered as the anticipation of a development of ego-consciousness, and what he goes through in the myth as an indication of the process of moving toward the wholeness which is implicit and innate in the psyche; in the individual, the individuation process” (R. S. Kluger, The Archetypal Significance of Gilgamesh: A Modern Ancient Hero, 1991, 17).departmental bulletin pape
Heihachi Hashimoto's Spirit of Sculpture : Expression of Life and Prayer in Woodcarving
Get PDFHeihachi Hashimoto (橋本平八 1897–1935) was a sculptor who died young at the age of 38, and an artist whose writings on sculpture are very difficult to understand. In 2010, however, an artistic exhibition Hashimoto Heihachi and Kitasono Katsue was held in Mie and Tokyo, and many aspects of these two people’s artistic activities were introduced. It appears from this exhibition that new research on Hashimoto is now happening inside and out-side Japan. This paper is a study of the integration of his spirit, theory, and practice in sculpture, and through this study, his expression of life and prayer in single-block woodcarving is explored. For this article, much literature was reviewed, synthesized, and analyzed, including a variety of Hashimoto’s writings, such as Junsui-chokoku-ron (On Genuine Sculpture, 1942). In ad-dition, I visited his hometown and talked with persons connected with him and carefully examined his works of woodcarving. Through this research, his experimental process of woodcarving through the integration of spirit, theory, and practice, and his positive attitude towards the practice of his principles were revealed. Moreover, in exploring his expression of life and prayer in woodcarving, I discovered various influences in his carvings, such as his family members’ deaths, Shintoism/Buddhism rooted in his birthplace Asama, his view of Buddhism/Buddha statues, and the inner life/spirituality of the materials he used in his sculptures. Both his woodcarving develop-ment and his professional development as a sculptor seemed reciprocally promoted through his autonomous, reflective practice and research. This is an area I also would like to enhance in my own professional growth not only as a sculptor, but also as a moku-iku (educational woodworking activities) practitioner and researcher.departmental bulletin pape
Intermediary Objects of Mesopotamian Prayer Focusing on Votive Objects and Worshipiing Scenes
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Media Gratifications and Subjective Well-being Among the Elderly
Get PDFResearch literature about media use in aging has argued that the motivations to connect with others or societies facilitate the elderly’s use of media and has suggested
that media contribute to their successful aging. However, these notions are just only analogical hypotheses extrapolated from the amounts or frequency of media
consumption among the aged, not from empirical research about the impact of media use on successful aging. Based on the uses and gratifications perspective, this study
attempted to reveal whether media gratifications possess a positive relationship with successful aging.
The results of a convenience sample survey in the Tokyo area (n=1644) indicated that most media gratifications may not positively contribute to the scores from the Morale Scale. The scores were negatively correlated with media
gratifications, especially consummatory gratification in television viewing.
A detailed analysis of three individual factor of the Morale Scale (agitation,attitude toward one’s own aging, and lonely dissatisfaction) was also conducted. While
agitation and lonely dissatisfaction ware negatively correlated with media gratifications, a factor of attitude toward one’s own aging was not. This suggests that
media gratifications are affected by their life styles or life conditions, not merely by aging.departmental bulletin pape
The Actual Situation of Individuals Called Hikikomori (Socially Withdrawn) in Japan : Results of Surveys Conducted by the Cabinet Office of the Japanese Government
Get PDFThere were four main areas of focus in regard to people in Japan who are called hikikomori (socially withdrawn) in this study. First, in this article the general image of hikikomori among Japanese people is presented. Second, three surveys on hikikomori conducted by the Cabinet Office of the Japanese Government were reviewed. Results of the three surveys showed that the actual situation of the hikikomori surveyed did not match the usual image held by others about them. This discrepancy between their actual situation and the perception others might have of them may cause a delay in providing appropriate support for such people.
Third, people identified with an affinity for social withdrawal are discussed. Two of the three surveys conducted by the Cabinet Office of the Japanese Government 2010, 2016) examined psychological traits in individuals who showed an affinity for social withdrawal although they were not in a state of withdrawal. Those identified with an affinity for social withdrawal appeared to fit the usual image others have of hikikomori as explained in the first part of this article.
Finally, survey and research methods in regard to hikikomori are dis-cussed. These include potential problems with self-report surveys, finding an accurate definition of hikikomori, refusal of respondents to answer questions, and using a combination of different survey methods for understanding hikikomori more deeply.departmental bulletin pape
Ideas, Movement, and Institutionalisation: A Study on Dissemination Processes of Salafism in South East Asia - Cases of Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines
Get PDFProfessor Takeshi Kohno, from Toyo Eiwa University in Japan, has a particular interest in how an idea of Salafism can travel to South East Asia and become an important part of lives of people far from its origin. Kohno is leading a project that seeks to analyse how Salafism turns into social movement and how this social movement is institutionalised in education institutions. In particular, he along with the team of researchers in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines are analysing the dissemination processes of Salafism into school system in these countries. By identifying transformational agents such as the state and its bureaucrats as well as religious teachers, Kohno and his colleagues hope to gain insight into this religious school of thought and how it has become established in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.journal articl
