Toyo Eiwa University Repository / 東洋英和女学院大学学術リポジトリ
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Living Close to Mental Illness : Kotaro Takamura and His Wife, Chieko
Get PDFBorn in the Meiji era, Kotaro Takamura was a sculptor and poet who was prominent during the Taisho and Showa periods. His wife, Chieko, had a significant influence on his struggle to become a professional artist.
After they got married, Chieko developed schizophrenia and even as her condition worsened, he nursed her alone at home. During this time, he was largely unable to work, and he faced a difficult time physically, socially, and mentally. During this period, he exchanged letters with one of his colleagues in the arts, Ayako Nakahara. At that time, no one in his professional life knew about his wife’s illness, but in these letters, he writes in detail about the pain with which he was dealing. This correspondence served as an outlet for his feelings of loneliness, for him to express the difficulties in taking care of a mentally ill person, and it provided him mental support. After Chieko’s death, he published a collection of poems about his relationship with her.
In this article, the relationship between Kotaro and Chieko is reviewed. In particular, how family members are able to remain close to a person suffering from schizophrenia and how each can move forward in one’s own life in such situations is examined.departmental bulletin pape
Life after Death as a Philosophical Problem : I. H. Fichte on Afterlife
Get PDFIssues of human survival and life after death have captivated the general public, partly because reports of near-death experiences have become common. In contemporary Western philosophy, however, these issues receive little attention. But until the beginning of the 20th century, leading modern philosophers still often discussed the problem. Some attribute this fact to the remaining influence of Christianity although this is debatable. In this paper, I examine the philosophical view of German philosopher, Immanuel Hermann Fichte (1796?1879), who developed the theory of human survival after death most energetically between the middle and latter half of the 19th century. Fichte, known as a late idealist, opposed the ideas of materialism and naturalism that gathered momentum in his time, and philosophically proved the independence of mind's world by squarely facing the antinomy and “hard problem” of consciousness. Based on his theory of consciousness, Fichte developed a unique theistic world view which has similarities to the panpsychism views espoused by modern philosophers of the mind.departmental bulletin pape
Support for Children Living with Parents with Mental Disabilities
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to illuminate the current situation and challenges of children living with parents with mental disabilities. Therefore, we conducted an interview survey with childcare workers working at daycares. By discussing the feelings of the childcare workers, we shed light on the current situation, responses, and issues of parents with disabilities and their children. Furthermore, we discuss specific support measures for the support of parents with mental disabilities and their children based on the results derived from the interviews with childcare workers.
In this study, we conducted an interview survey with six childcare workers and analyzed them according to the KJ method and the grounded theory approach. In the process, we made the following three observations.
First, childcare workers want to support the children's parents. It is difficult for the childcare workers to build relationships with parents who have suffered so much and have mental disabilities. However, childcare workers are happy to share the children's growth with the parents and to see the parents think about their children. Second, childcare workers believe that parents' mental health affects the growth and development of children. Under such circumstances, childcare workers do as much as they can for children and work hard to support their growth. In addition, childcare workers carefully observe each child every day so as not to miss that child's SOS and protect their life. Third, children have the potential to achieve healthy growth and development even under difficult conditions. The children's growth leads to the joy of the childcare worker. Childcare facilities have an important role to play in securing what is best for the children.
This study also revealed the limitations of childcare settings. Based on these considerations, we suggest future measures such as continued collaboration with specialized institutions, clarification of role assignment, ongoing learning opportunities for childcare workers, establishment of an education system, and introduction of professionals at childcare sites. Furthermore, setting up an outreach business poses some challenges. In the future, it will be necessary to construct a way to support all families and nurseries. At present, there are many problems in the childcare field, such as shortage of staff and overwork. However, it is important that we consider how childcare workers can work in various ways to save isolated families and families with difficult situations. We also need to support professional development of childcare workers, as it will ultimately help affected families.departmental bulletin pape
English Grammar as Working Knowledge : Incorporating Polite Forms into English Language Instruction in Japan
Get PDFWith over 30 million visitors arriving annually and the Tokyo 2020 Olympics approaching, much attention has been directed to improving people's English communication skills in Japan. For example, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology has pronounced certain measures in the hope of enhancing students' English communicative competence (MEXT, 2014). However, the fact remains that students who wish to enter high school and university have to, in large part, pass multiple-choice English tests to gain admission. Therefore, teachers of English in Japan tend to continue to focus their instruction only on teaching grammar, vocabulary, and the receptive skills of reading and listening that they believe will be covered on such tests, and not the sociolinguistic and pragmatic aspects necessary for effective communication.
In this article, with polite forms and specific grammatical items in mind, the author presents a different approach to communicative grammatical instruction to better enable students to establish good human relationships through English language use. The author describes ideas for teaching each item in class and explains how these ideas can be integrated into existing English grammar teaching in Japan.departmental bulletin pape
Why did Romans consider early Christianity as a "pernicious superstition"? : the Romans and Christianity
Get PDFIn his Annales , Tacitus wrote about the Great Fire of Rome and persecution of Christians by Emperor Nero in A. D. 64. In this book, he called Christianity a“ pernicious superstition（ exitiabilis superstitio ）”. Tacitus’ contemporaries like Suetonius and Plinius Secundus also considered Chrisrianity as superstitio . Why did they regard Christianity as superstitio ’? And what does superstitio mean?
The Romans called the right religion religio , which put priority on public rather than individual interests. Above all, religio was an act of prayer aspiring for eternal development and prosperity under the protection of the gods by public worship.
In contrust to religio , superstitio was a wrong religion that prioritized individual than public interests. Generally, foreign religions were considered as superstitio . These religious practices often included human sacrifice and magic which the Romans thought were harmful customs.Especially, the superstitio of the Gauls and Germans were all the more dangerous in that they could help make these nations victorious over the Romans and pursued the fall of the Roman Empire.
Apostle Paul recommended submission to the authorities from the viewpoint of Christianity. But he also predicted with the view of eschatology the sudden collapse of Roman “peace and security”. Therefore, some Christians interpreted the Great Fire of Rome of A.D.64 as a sign of coming of the end of the world. In conclution Romans considered Christianity as a pernicious superstition because it was a religion like the superstitio of the Gauls and Germans that predicated collapse of the Roman Empire.departmental bulletin pape
Regional Transition and Community Life Support for Hospitalized Elderly with Mental Disorders : Present Situation and Problems of the Elderly with Mental Disorders in Nursing Homes
Get PDFWith the adoption of the Restructuring Plan for Mental Healthcare and Medical Welfare in September 2004, regional transition and support for the elderly with mental disorders in their community life have been implemented. These measures encourage the discharge of the elderly from hospitals and settlement in their local communities.
This paper describes the present situation and problems concerning support given to the elderly living in nursing homes, which became one of the destinations in regional transition for the mentally-handicapped elderly with a long hospitalization.
It is clear that such nursing homes are providing the elderly with ingenious support, despite great difficulties resulting from staff shortage.departmental bulletin pape