Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development : Scientific Journal of ICARD
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Peranakan Ettawa (PE) Goat Production System Condition in the Breeding Stock Area, Banjarmangu District, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java Province
No full textBanjarmangu Subdistrict, Banjarnegara District, Central Java Province, has been designated a breeding stock area for Peranakan Ettawa (PE) goats. The purpose of the study was to determine the performance of PE goats in the breeding stock area. The study was conducted using a survey method, interviews with goat breeders about reproductive characteristics, number of ownerships, livestock management, and observations of the breeder's location. The respondents interviewed were 24 people. Criteria for determining respondents are livestock farmers who have pure PE goats. The results showed that the current population averages based on the sex ratio of adult males and females are not ideal, which is 2:3; meanwhile, the sex ratio of the male and female kids is 1:1. Hand mating management is still carried out here, which is that female animals are being lured together with superior males. The selection system is carried out by farmers based on the quality of the kids it produces. The animal maintenance system is carried out intensively. It was concluded that the performance of PE goats in the breeding source area needs to be improved in quality, namely by introducing reproduction and management technology
Development of Smallholders Beef Cattle Farming: Support Resources
No full textThe development of animal husbandry can not be separated from the support of various resources. The research objective was to assess the development process of smallholder beef cattle farming. The research was conducted in Grujugan Kidul Village, Grujugan SubDistrict, Bondowoso District. Grujugan Kidul Village is one of the villages fostered by the Universitas Jember in the Community Assistance Village Service Program (PPDB) following the Decree of the Chancellor of the Universitas Jember Number 12716 / UN25 / KL / 2018 concerning Universitas Jember Assisted Villages. Research variables include human resources (X), financial resources (Z1), technological resources (Z2), physical resources (Z3), and livestock farming business development (Y). Respondents of this study were independent farmers, non-partnership system, beef cattle farmers, 174 people. Data was collected using the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method and survey with a Likert scale. Data were analyzed by the Partial Least Square (PLS) method with SmartPLS 2.0. The results showed that the farmers' human resources had a positive and significant effect on access to financial, technological, and physical resources, each of which was .383; .474; and .324. It is concluded that farmers' resources influence 64.2% of the development of smallholder beef cattle farming. The findings of this study are that human resources do not directly affect the development of smallholder beef cattle farming but through various aspects of resources that support these development efforts
The effect of GnRH to litter size, colostrum and milk production in Nulliparous Sapera goat synchronized by PGF2α
No full textEstrous synchronization could become as an alternative to increase the efficiency of reproduction such as PGF2α can be combined with GnRH to optimize reproduction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of GnRH hormone to litter size, colostrum and milk production of Sapera goat synchronized by PGF2α hormone. The study used 14 nulliparous Sapera does at the age of one yr. old after reaching sexual maturity. Estrous synchronization was treated by two intramuscular injections using PGF2α (Lutalyse®) at a dose of 1 mL. The treatments were conducted for two different hormone regimens. Group one was injected twice with PGF2α within an 11-d interval (n=6 heads). While group two was injected with GnRH (Ningbo Sansheng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd) at a dose 0.25 mL on the 9th d. after the 1st injection of PGF2α and before the 2nd injection of this hormone within 11 d. interval (n=8 heads). Then all goats were mated by natural mating. The research design was by Completely Randomized Design, in which the variables were observed for litter size, colostrum and milk production. The results showed that the does treated with GnRH compared to untreated GnRH resulted in the averages of litter size by 1.33±0.51 vs 1.25±0.46, colostrum production by 350.55±227.06 ml vs 528,33±209.20 mL, and milk production by 624.90±195.43 ml vs. 654.61±166.27 ml, respectively. The conclusion was that there was no significant difference of both of the does treated with GnRH and without the addition of GnRH on litter size, colostrum, and milk production
Sustainability analysis of beef cattle and development strategy based on collective cages in Lombok Island
No full textBeef cattle raising in Lombok Island mostly uses collective cages where the level of its implementation has not been optimal yet as expected. This study aims to determine a strategy for raising beef cattle based on collective cages on smallholder farms in Lombok Island based on their sustainability status. The research has been conducted with a survey method to collect primary data from December 2018-March 2019. The method used to determine the sustainability status is Multidimensional Scaling with the Rapid Appraisal Beef Cattle Smallholder approach. There are six dimensions studied that include hygienic aspects of collective cages, management of cages, animal health, feed management, drinking water management, socio-economic and cultural related aspects. The development strategy formulation was carried out by analyzing the sensitive attributes of the six dimensions, which were the top priority based on the root mean square value. The results showed that there were 28 sensitive attributes with a prospective assessment by experts 10 critical factors for the success of beef cattle development were determined. In conclusion, there are four strategies for developing beef cattle based on collective cages on smallholder farms in Lombok Island; those were improved collective cage health management; increasing productivity, efficiency, and income of beef cattle farmers based on the existing collective cages; increasing access to information, technology, capital and cattle marketing and increasing the role of government, business, and other stakeholders
Haplotype Block Analysis of FSHR Gene in Sragen and Jabres Cattle
No full textThe Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSHR) is an anterior pituitary gonadotropin belonging to the family of glycoprotein hormones. The gene controls growth and fecundity in cattle. Blood samples of Sragen cattle (10 samples) and Jabres cattle (19 samples) were used for DNA extraction to define the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Three SNPs have been detected, namely SNP g.175A/G (SNP1), SNP g.227T/C (SNP2) and SNP g.275A/C (SNP3). Three blocks (SNPs combination) have been analyzed for haplotype block using haploview. As a result, all the blocks have high D' (D prime: 1.0). The highest LOD and r-squared were detected in block 1 (SNP12 combination), 9.23 and 1.0, respectively. Two of the blocks having similar LOD (1.23) and r-squared (0.28). Two haplotypes frequencies are defined in SNP12 combinations/block 1 (GT/79.3% ; CC/20.7%). Three haplotypes have been detected in SNP23 combinations (block 2), namely TC, TA and CA, with genotype frequency are 51.7%, 27.6% and 20.7%, respectively. Similarly, SNP13 combinations (block 3) indicate three haplotypes with the same frequency but different genotypes; GC, GA and CA, respectively. In conclusion, the haplotype from block 1 (SNP12 combination) could be used for further association analysis with reproduction traits in Sragen and Jabres cattle
Utilization of Cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus), Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens), Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), and Silkworm (Samia ricini dan Bombyx mori) as Alternative Feed Protein Sources
Full text linkThe insect which contains high protein is potential to be used as an unconventional protein source (UPS) in feed. Production cost of this feedstuff is affordable through utilization of waste as growing media. Moreover, this production helps the environment by reducing the unprocessed waste. This study aims to review the potential use of cricket, black soldier fly (BSF), mealworm, and silkworm as UPS in replacing fish meal (FM) and soybean meal (SM) in the feed. The insect meal contains relative similar crude protein but higher ether-extract compared to conventional protein sources. The insect meal contains higher tyrosine but lower arginine, histidine, lysine, and tryptophan compared to FM and SM. The chitin content in UPS decreases the digestibility, causing restriction its utilization in the diet. However, it can be used as antibacterial and antifungal in feed, and in ruminant, it can be used to mitigate enteric methane emission. UPS in layer and broiler diet can replace SM, meanwhile, in quail diet, it can replace FM. From different sources, it can be summarised that the potential addition of BSF, cricket, mealworm, and silkworm in the broiler’s diet is 8%DM replacing 100% SM, 5-15%DM replacing 40-100% FM, 5-29,5%DM replacing 3-100% SM, and 7,8%DM replacing 100% SM, respectively. The potential addition of BSF and mealworm in the layer’s diet is 10-15%DM replacing 66-100% SM and 2-5%DM replacing 21% SM, respectively. The potential addition of cricket, mealworm, and silkworm in the quail’s diet is 2-8%DM replacing 25-100% FM, 2,25%DM replacing 25% FM, and 2,08-6,25%DM replacing 26-76% FM, respectively
Myostatin Gene as a Genetic Marker for Growth and Carcass Traits in Beef Cattle
Full text linkGrowth and carcass traits are of economic importances in livestock breeding, because they affect the profitability of animal production. The phenotypic expression of these traits is controlled by multiple genes (polygenes), such as myostatin (MSTN) gene. This paper aims to discuss the expression, polymorphism and potential application of MSTN gene as a marker-assisted selection (MAS) for growth and carcass traits in beef cattle based on data from published studies. MSTN gene or known as growth and differentiation factor 8 (GDF8) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, which acts as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass deposition. Several published studies showed that mutations in the MSTN gene can inhibit the activation of myostatin, which leads to an increased muscle mass (hypertrophy). Several MSTN gene polymorphisms were reported to be associated with growth and carcass traits in local cattle in several countries, including Indonesia, namely Bali cattle. Based on several assumptions: 1) there is MTSN gene polymorphisms in a population, 2) there is a significant association between MSTN gene polymorphisms and growth and carcass traits, as reported in several beef cattle populations and 3) those cattle with superior genotype have better growth performances, we expect that there will be improvement in growth performances in the future if those cattle are selected. Understanding MSTN gene polymorphisms would be useful to make strategies for the genetic improvement for growth and carcass traits of local cattle
Determination of trenbolone acetate hormone residue on imported beef meat and imported beef liver at slaughterhouse and cold storage
No full textThe concentration of trenbolone acetate (TBA) hormone residues in samples were tested using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Beef meat and beef liver samples used in the study were collected from slaughterhouses and cold storages in Jakarta, West Java and Banten. A total of 247 samples consisting of approximately 50-150 g fat-free portions of beef or beef liver were collected and transported to the laboratory in the shortest time possible. From the test results obtained some samples of both beef and beef liver containing residues of trenbolone acetate above the maximum residue limit (MRL) that has been set by CODEX (10 ppb for meat and 2 ppb for liver). In Jakarta area found one beef sample (3.4%) and two beef liver (9.5%) containing TBA above MRL. In Banten area, two samples (8.5%) of beef liver from slaughterhouse were found containing TBA residues above the MRL. Meanwhile, in West Java, only one sample (7.1%) of beef from slaughterhouse was found with the residual content of TBA above the MRL. From the results above can be seen almost all the results that showed TBA concentration above MRL obtained from slaughterhouse. To obtain quantitative test results confirm, a number of samples which give concentrations above the highest standard in the ELISA standard curve will then be tested using High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results of this study indicate that the residual concentration of trenbolone acetate still need further attention for the discovery of several samples containing residues of hormones trenbolone acetate with a number that exceeds the maximum residue limits
Protected Fatty Acid- Amino Acid as Energy Source for Fattening Ongole Crossbred Cattle
No full textProviding feed to the ruminants often has obstacles especially energy and protein because of seasonal changes. A supplement containing high-density energy and amino acid will be useful for cattle especially when insufficient energy occurs during the dry season. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a protected fatty acid-amino acid supplement for fattening cattle. A complete randomized block design was applied, with different level of protected fatty acid-amino acid addition as treatments A: null; B: 0.3 g/kg LW and C: 0.6 g/kg LW with 10 heads in each group. Thirty Ongole crossbred bulls were used with the initial liveweight (LW) ± sem (478.2 ± 13.5) kg. The bulls offered ad libitum concentrate containing 16% crude protein and 65% total digestible nutrient and elephant grass. The supplement was prepared by reacting palm fatty acid distillate with CaO in a heating process, lysine monohydrochloride was added as much as 20% of the total supplement produced. The results showed that the LWGs were A. 0.99 kg/d B. 1.00 kg/d and C. 1.09 kg/d. The body condition score gains were A: 0.54, B: 0.54; and C: 0.61. The supplement effect did not reach a maximum result although a high LWG was reached. There were no differences in leptin, creatinine, total cholesterol, glucose, total protein, and blood urea nitrogen concentrations affected by the supplement. Besides, there were no differences in rumen characteristics affected by the supplement. To conclude, all groups reached high LWG although the efficacy of the supplement was not optimum
Birth Weight and Body Measurements of Crossbred Belgian Blue Calves
No full textThe Belgian Blue (BB) cattle breed has been well-known for double muscling. The importation of BB cattle is mainly to increase beef production. A study was done to analyze birth weight and body measurements of newborn crossbred BB calves. Data were collected from Cattle Breeding Centre (Baturaden, Padangmangatas and Sembawa) and Livestock Embryo Centre (Cipelang). The crossbred BB calves were produced by crossing of BB bull and some breed cows (Ongole grade, Friesian Holstein, Simental, Brahman, and Limousine) through artificial insemination. A total of 286 crossbred BB calves from five different crossbreds born in 2018-2019 were used in this study. Data of birth weight (BW), chest girth (CG), body length (BL) and body height (BH) were analyzed using a linear model with genotype, calf sex, and their interaction as sources of variation. Results showed that BW and body measurements were significantly affected by genotypes of the calf (P0.05). The BB X Friesian Holstein (FH) calves had heavier BW and bigger body sizes. The BB x Ongloe Grade (PO) showed lighter BW and smaller body size. The means of BW, BH CG, and BL of crossbred BB calves were 37.18 kg, 71.94 cm, 69.13 cm, and 65.54 cm, respectively. In conclusion, there were differences in birth weight and body size among crossbred Belgian Blue calves affected by genotypes. Crossbreeding Belgian Blue with Friesian Holstein breed cattle resulted in heavier birth weight and bigger body size. This study was preliminary information that can be used as a recommendation in developing Belgian Blue cattle