Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development : Scientific Journal of ICARD
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The Fungimetarhizium Anisopliae as a Biocontrol for Ectoparasite Mites and Ticks in Livestock
Full text linkMetarhizium anisopliae has been known as a biological agent that can kill and control pests especially arthropods. Recently the efforts on controlling arachnid: mites and scabies known as ectoparasites for ruminants have been done by using this fungus. This fungus can be used as a biological control on ectoparasite since it is not harmful for human and animal health. At the same time the availability of microbes as the Indonesian germ plasm especially fungi is sufficient to support the development ofM. anisopliae as a biological control agent, and eventually its development prospect as a controlling for ticks and mites in the future is promising. Key words: Metarhizium anisopliae, control biology, ectoparasit
The Philosophy of Living With Fungi
Full text linkThe philosophy of living with fungi is explained in this paper. An undeniable fact is that God creates living creatures in this world with purposes. Every creature, including fungus, has its own use and purpose. The presence of fungi, comprising mushrooms, moulds and yeast in human lives, including their advantages and disadvantages, makes human provided with intellect and thought by The Creator, observe, examine and dissect the fungus life as far as it can be done limited by the intellect and thought given. On fungi with advantages, human beings make effort to examine the behavior and characteristics so the creatures can be as far as possible used for human benefit and welfare.. Likewise, against fungi that have potency to cause disadvantages, for instance diseases, (mycoses, mycotoxicosis and fungus allergy) in human beings, animals, and plants, researches are directed to efforts in healing the diseases caused by the fungi, for example drugs for anti-fungus or similar kinds. In the later case, biological control by using other creatures with antagonistic characters has also been done by human beings. Using various more sophisticated technologies, human beings have future prospect in handling the fungi. The philosophy obtained from living with fungi is that in facing benefited fungi, human beings make effort to maximally utilize them, while in facing disadvantaged fungi, human beings seek solutions the disadvantages obtained can be eliminated or minimised as much as possible . Key words: Fungi, mushrooms, moulds, yeast, advantage, disadvantage, disease disturbanc
A Review on Research Results of Beef Cattle Feed
Full text linkBased on rumen degradation rate, concentrates are divided into : slow degraded energy feeds, fast degraded energy feeds, slow degraded protein supplements, and fast degraded protein supplements. This classification is important to synchronize the presence of nutrients in the rumen used to stimulate rumen microbes growth . Rumen microbes-can be used as protein supplements for the host . Protein content, digestibility, and biological value of rumen microbes are about 65%, 75-85%, and 80%, respectively . Rice straw as an agricultural by product has a low protein content of not more than 7%, low digestibility, thus in the digestive tract, in rumen, and particle changes in rumen require about 81 .67 hours, 62.69 hours, and 1 .62% per hours, respectively. Rice straw utilization as feed needs supplementation and quality and digestibility improvement in the form of physical, chemical, biological, or combined. The physical treatment aims at reducing particle size or cell swelling . Reducing particle size of roughage will increase the rate of passage in the rumen, increase consumption, decrease digestibility, and reduce milk fat, while sodium hydroxide treatment will increase digestibility up to 100% without nutrient increase, however it is dangerous to human life and a pollutant for the agriculture field. Rice straw treatment using ammonia increase its digestibility and its nutrient . The biological treatment was conducted to change rice straw structure by enzyme lignocellulase and increase protein content with microorganism. Basically, the concept of biological treatment is restricted composing, conservation, and predigesting to increase quality. Recently, many commercial products have been developed for rice straw biological treatment orienting at predigesting of cellulose. The application of physical, chemical, and or biological treatment for agricultural by product is as component for complete feed Key words: Rumen Microbes, supplementation, predigestin
Human Fasciolosis: Might it be Occurred in Indonesia?
Full text linkFasciolosis is known as a common parasitic disease in ruminants. However, in the last thirty years there were reports of high evidence on human fasciolosis in many countries, such as South America, Africa, Europe, Australia, New Zealand and South East Asia. Fasciolosis in human is caused by trematodes, such as Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, and there is no report of human Fasciolosis in Indonesia caused by F. gigantica, except human fasciolopsiasis caused by Fasciolopsis buski. The prevalence of fasciolosis in ruminants in Indonesia is up to 90% and people in some parts of Indonesia like to consume raw vegetables; this habit is assumed to be able to spread fasciolosis in human. Therefore, caution on the occurrence ofthe disease in human, particularly those living in the farming areas ofendemic fasciolosis that have a habit of consuming raw vegetables needs to be enhanced through epidemiological investigation by using an accurate diagnostic technique. Key words: Human fasciolosis, Indonesia, epidemiology stud