Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development : Scientific Journal of ICARD
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Carcass Composition of Bangkok Chickens in Different Sex
No full textThis study aims to determine the extent of the difference in the percentage of Bangkok chicken carcasses in male and female sexes. The total number of chickens used was 24 with 12 males and 12 females. The study used a student t-test to test the significance of both sex. The parameters observed were slaughter weight, the percentage of carcass parts consisting of the percentage of thighs, chest, back, and wings. Based on the results of the discussion, it can be concluded that there are significant differences between the sex of Bangkok chickens. In this case, sex significantly affects slaughter weight, carcass percentage, breast and back percentage of Bangkok chickens. The percentage of thighs and wings did not differ in both sex.
Moving into more profitable beef production systems
No full textProfitable beef production is a pathway out of poverty for smallholder cattle farmers. Current systems of production are often not profitable and growth rates of bulls under village production systems are low with low income over food costs (IOFC). An analysis of daily IOFC of several production systems suggests that growth rates can be increased and a system for formulating rations to supply a certain amount of nutrients or target a specific growth rate on a least-cost basis would increase IOFC. Growth rate can only increase if metabolisable energy (ME) intake of the ration can be increased. A least-cost ration (LCR) formulation system provides a way of formulating rations to increase the ME content at the least cost and can modify rations based on the local availability and prices of ingredients. Such an approach has been shown to increase IOFC. The choice of breed is also important. Potential for growth declines from EuroxOngole to Ongole to Bali cattle but the IOFC for bulls of different breeds may not differ very much. The bigger breeds may not be able to express their potential for growth if inadequately fed and IOFC is reduced. A LCR process which accommodates feed price fluctuations can be used to formulate rations which promote high growth rates to increase IOFC. Examples are given of the approach and the application of the LCR system to devise new feeding systems
Functional Properties of Spray-dried Chicken Egg with Various Fillers
No full textThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different filler type on the functional properties of powdered chicken egg product. Maltodextrin, CMC (Carboxymethyl Cellulose), and gum arabic are filler materials used as treatments. The functional properties of chicken egg powder, such as solubility, foam capacity, foam stability, and emulsifying properties are observed. This study used a Completely Randomized Design method with the addition of various types of fillers. The result showed that the addition of maltodextrin (0.5%) increased solubility, foam capacity, foam stability, and emulsifying properties of egg powder. The addition of CMC (0.5%) increased the solubility, foam capacity, foam stability of egg powder, and decrease the emulsifying properties. The addition of gum arabic (0.5%) as a filler reduced solubility, increase foaming capacity, foam stability, and emulsifying properties. The addition of fillers produces egg powder products with different functional properties
The Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cattle in Smallholder Farmers
No full textThe reproductive performance of dairy cattle can be determined by the level of reproductive efficiency. This activity aims to obtain information on the reproductive performance of dairy cattle in 5 dairy cooperation unit (KUD) locations (Bogor, Cisarua, Cianjur, Garut and Pangalengan), conducted in January 2018 - May 2019. Data was collected through direct observation in the field and information from farmers. The parameters observed were: Body Weight (BW), Body Condition Score (BCS), parity, Calving Interval (CI), Sevice per Conception (S/C), Age of first calving (AFC). Data were analyzed with the GLM model from SAS (2004). The mean BW of cattle showed a difference between KUD (P 0.05), the highest was in Pangalengan (502.36 ± 5.96 kg) and the lowest was in Cisarua (415.19 ± 9.21 kg). The total BCS of KUD was 2.76 ± 0.30. The mean overall age of KUD was 56.20 ± 25.71 months, varying based on KUD location (P 0.05). The mean parity of all KUDs was 2.87 ± 1.65. The overall AFC average for KUD was 26.80 ± 2.27 months, differently based on the lowest KUD in Bogor and the highest in Cisarua. The mean CI in this study was still quite good, around 13.14 ± 1.73 months. The highest CI was in Bogor (13.53±0.17 months), while the lowest was in Garut (12.04 months). The overall average S/C of KUD was 1.25 ± 0.30. The S/C in KUD Cianjur was higher than in the other 4 KUDs. The reproductive performance of cows in overall KUD farmers is still in good condition. The existence of differences in the reproductive performance of cows between locations may be differences in mating management
Effects of the natural feed additive on internal organs and abdominal fat of boiler ducks
No full textThe use of antibiotics in the poultry feed industry has been abandoned because it could become residues in livestock origin products. Phytobiotics are bioactive compounds of plants that can be used as alternatives antibiotics in animal feed. The study was conducted to assess the effects of different natural feed additives and levels on internal organs weight and abdominal fat of broiler ducks. A total of 180 two-week-old broiler ducks were randomly allotted to 9 treatments with 4 replicates, each with 5 birds per replicate. The treatments were T0 (basal diet as a control), T1 (basal diet + 1% of noni), T2 (basal diet + 250 ppm of clove oil), T3 (basal diet + 2% of noni), T4 (basal diet + 500 ppm of clove oil), T5 (basal diet + 1% of noni + 250 ppm of clove oil), T6 (basal diet 1% of noni + 500 ppm of clove oil), T7purba (basal diet 2% of noni + 250 ppm of clove oil), and T8 (basal diet 2% of noni + 500 ppm of clove oil). Data were collected obtain abdominal fat and internal organs weight. The data were analyzed of variance based on a Completely Randomized Factorial Design and continued with Duncan’s multiple range test for differences. The result study showed that the abdominal fat of broiler ducks has no significantly reduction in different natural feed additive and levels. The natural feed additives have no negative effects on internal organs weight of broiler ducks
Performance of three broiler ducks lines with added two different types of feed formulation for eight weeks of age
No full textThe process of optimal duck growth, efficient feed utilization, and low mortality are the main goals for duck breeders. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of two types of ration formulas with different nutritional content (lysine and energy). As many as 240 ducks since day-old ducks were reared for 8 weeks and allocated to 6 treatments, in 4 replications, and each replication consisted of 10 ducks. The research was design as a completely randomized design (CRD) in a 3x2 factorial pattern. The first factor was 3 broiler duck lines (Pekin, E-PMp, and PMp), the second factor was 2 types of ration formulas i.e: A-Ration and B-Ration (described in Table 1). The variables observed included: feed consumption, live body weight, weight gain, FCR, and mortality. The results showed that the average feed intake, live body weight, and FCR ducks were not significantly (P0.05) affected by ration formulas, but were significantly (P0.05) affected by strains. Pekin duck lines were better compared with E-PMp and PMp duck lines. Types of ration formulas and duck lines significantly affected (P0,05) body weight gain, but no interaction between rations and duck lines was detected (P0.05). There was no mortality observed in all treatments. It can be concluded that the effectiveness of A-Ration was relatively similar to B-Ration in producing duck performance. The Pekin duck line was better than the other two ducks, especially the average final body weight, body weight gain, and FCR during the 8 weeks of observation
Animal Transportation: Process, Challenge and its Effect on Small Ruminant
No full textLivestock transportation is carried out to fullfill the need for consumption as well as for raising the livestock in other areas. The regulation of livestock transportation has not been well implemented yet, and far from the ideal way of livestock transportation, such as the aspects of animal welfare. This paper aims is to describe the transportation process, challenge and its effects on small ruminants. The process of transporting livestock is carried out by preparing the animals that are going to be transported, and the means of transportation used. Travel distance and road infrastructure conditions provide an affordable connection for the transportation of livestock. Long distances and poor infrastructure conditions can cause stress problems to livestock transportation. Livestock becomes stress and cortisol levels increased in the blood and physiological responses were affected due to transportation. The Goat Research Institute designed a cage in a truck to transport goats and logistical needs during the trip by land and sea routes. This type of cage has been used in the distribution of goats to several areas and the journey took 1 to 16 days with average goat mortality rate was about 0.3%. Severe impacts during the trip can be overcome by transporting goats with attention to the transportation system and to ensure the welfare of animals during the trip
Characteristics of Libido and Testosterone Concentration of Polled and Horned Bali Bulls after GnRH Injection
Full text linkBali cattle are one of the original Indonesian germplasm, which in its development were found to be hornless or polled. Polled are Balinese cattle whose horns do not grow naturally, but have the same characteristics as those with horns. However, there are indications that polled have a lower libido. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of libido and testosterone concentration after gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) injection. In this study each of 7 male polled and horned Bali cattle aged 3.5-6 years were used. Libido characteristics were observed by recording the first time the male fondled the teaser until ejaculation, while the testosterone concentration was measured using blood plasma taken on day 0 or before injection, day 7th, and day 14th after GnRH injection. Testosterone analysis used enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The results showed that the libido of polled was not different (P0.05) compared to that of the horned on the 0, 7th and 14th days after GnRH injection. However, in polled on the 7th day after GnRH injection, it was significantly lower than on day 0 and 14, but on day 0 it was not different with day 14. Testosterone concentration on day 7 after injection of GnRH was not different (P0.05) compared to day 0 both in polled and horned bulls, but on day 14 after injection was significantly higher (P0.05) in horned than polled. In conclusion, polled and horned Bali bulls had high libido with a score of +1, but on the 7th day after GnRH injection, polled had lower libido than horns. The testosterone concentrations of polled and horned on day 7 after GnRH injection were not different compared to day 0, while the 14th day was higher in horned bull
Characteristics of Carcass and Total Microbials of Broiler Chicken Meat as The Impact of Zonation in Closed House Cages
No full textThis study aims to determine whether zonation closed house cages affect the carcass characteristics and shelf life of broiler chickens. Closed house enclosure of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Udayana University with an area of 120 x 12 m which was divided into 4 zonations, and the area of each zonation was 30 x 12 m. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design with 4 cage zoning treatments, namely zonation 1, zonation 2, zonation 3, and zonation 4, with 30 replications. The research material was 120 heads of broiler. The variables observed were carcass characteristics and meat storage life. The results showed that cage zonation had a significant effect (P0.05) on final weight, slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, breast weight, and whole thigh weight, but had no significant effect (P0.05) on wing cut, back and total microbial count of meat. In zone 3, the average final weight of 4-5% was significantly (P0.05) higher than the final weight in other zones. Storage at room temperature (250C) for 3-9 hours, broilers in zone 3 obtained the highest microbial growth in meat (P0.05). The conclusion of this study was that the zoning of the cage in the closed house causes differences in the parameters of the broiler carcass characteristics. Broilers in cages 3 zoned had the best carcass characteristics, the highest total microbial count of meat, and the lowest meat storage capacity
Nutrient Requirement for Ongole Grade Heifers
No full textThis study aimed to observe the nutritive standard for Ongole grade heifers. Forty-eight heifers were randomized and housed in individual pens. The heifers were allotted to one of four crude protein (CP) levels (A.140; B.155; C.170 and D.185% of the NRC 1996 for growing cattle with the targeted live weight gains (LWGs) were 0,68 kg/d) with six replicates. The duration of the study was 14 weeks. The feed was 70% concentrate diet and 30% elephant grass on a dry matter (DM) basis. The parameters were LWG, body condition score (BCS), feed intake, volatile fatty acid, rumen characteristics, glucose, and blood urea nitrogen. Live weight was measured fortnightly, the BCS was observed at the start, mid, and end of the study. The results showed that DM intake was different between treatments (P0.05), the DM digestibility did not differ between treatments (P0.05). The LWGs for every treatment were 0.62, 0.58, 0.84 and 0.62 kg/d respectively. The BCS scores increased 1.08-1.42 points. The highest rumen pH was 6.3 in the C group. The glucose level was 48.17-55.50 mg/dl. The blood urea nitrogen concentrations were 46.67-56.33 ng/dl. To conclude, achieving 0.68 LWG in Ongole grade heifers requires 1.7 CP of NRC 1996 recommendation