Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development : Scientific Journal of ICARD
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Detection of Nitrite in Cleaned Edible Bird Nest from Sumatra Island
No full textEdible bird nest (EBN) is a bird's nest commonly made from the saliva of a swiftlet species, one of which is from species Aerodramus fuciphagus. As the largest exporting and production country, Indonesia must comply with the nitrite content standard set by China, which is 30 ppm. The maximum limit of nitrite content in EBN exported to China currently refers to the regulation of nitrite content in processed baby food because nitrite can cause poisoning and harm human health. This project aims to study and analyze the nitrite content in EBN from Sumatra as a reference and levels of nitrite policy in Indonesia. The number of samples was calculated proportionally from the data on the swiftlet houses using OpenEpi software. A total of 18 samples cleaned EBN from swiftlet houses were obtained from various regions of Sumatra Island. Samples were washed with one rinse. Samples were tested with the spectrophotometric method at The Center for Diagnostic of Agricultural Quarantine. The results showed that from the total 18 samples cleaned EBN; there was 72.22 % sample below than the nitrite content standard (30 ppm). The average nitrite in cleaned EBN is 30.19 ppm, while the median value in cleaned EBN from Sumatra is 15.42 ppm
Substitution of Indigofera flour in feed on the production and quality of Senkub chicken eggs and its business feasibility
No full textEggs are a food material with high nutritional value, which is needed by the human body. The desired quantity and quality of eggs, is inseparable from the quantity and nutritional quality of the feed given. In intensive chicken farming, feed is the largest cost, which can reach 70% of the production cost. Indigofera zollingeriana plant is a legume plant that has a high protein content, which has been widely used for a mixture of protein source rations. The research objective was to see the effect of Indigofera leaf flour substitution in rations on the production and quality of native chicken eggs and the level of farmer acceptance. The research was conducted in plasma farmers using 200 Senkub chickens aged 18 weeks consisting of 4 feed treatments. The variables observed were production performances and physical and chemical egg qualities. To determine the level of acceptance and feasibility of technology components, a farm analysis was carried out. The results showed that substitution of rations with 10% Indigofera leaf flour had no effect on production performances (P 0.05). However, adding Bio b to drinking water (P2) reduced the ration conversion (P 0.05). The physical quality of eggs, was no significantly affected (P 0.05). egg fat content reduced by 24.27% and egg yolk protein content increased by 13.38%. Substitution of rations with Indigofera leaf flour reduced the in feed cost by 17% in the laying period so that it was feasible to be disseminated. In conclusion, Indigofera leaf flour substitution had no effect on production performance, increased egg protein content and decreased feed cost
Ultrasound Imaging to Estimate Carcass Quality of Pasundan Cattle based on Body Condition Score
Get PDFThis research aimed to estimate carcass quality of Pasundan cattle using ultrasound imaging based on Body Condition Score (BCS). Total 31 head of female cattle with age ranging from 4 to 7 years from Regional Technical Implementation Unit of the Center for Artificial Insemination and Artificial Insemination for Beef Cattle Development at Ciamis West Java, Indonesia with BCS ranging from 1.0-4.0. The marbling score, intramuscular fat (IMF), backfat thickness (LP), and thickness musculus of m. longissimus dorsi (LD), m. psoas major (PM), m. psoas minor (PMN), m. gluteus medius (GM) and m. biceps femoris (BF) were scanned using ultrasound on 3 different locations, i.e. on 12th-13th ribs (thorax), lumbar 4th - 5th (lumbar), and between tuber coxae and tuber ischii (gluteal) with 5 MHz frequency of convex transducer. The results showed that BCS increased when LP, marbling score and IMF from m. LD, m. PM, m. PMN, and m. GM was rising. Pasundan cattle showed marbling scores ranging from score 1 to 5 and percentage IMF ranging from 2.62% to 4.82%. Body Condition Score affected carcass quality of Pasundan cattle on parameters such as musculus thickness, marbling score, and intramuscular fat (IMF) from ultrasound imaging of m. LD, m. PM. m. PMN, m. GM, and m. BF
Germ Line Chimera Production: Inspection Donor Primordial Germ Cells Transferred to Recipient Embryos
No full textProduce germ line chimeras in chickens has been possible by transferring donor Primordial Germ Cells (PGCs) to recipient embryos. The success of germ line chimera formation is one of the factors determining the presence and development of donor PGCs in recipient embryos. The aim of this study was to see be of donor PGCs in recipient embryos through staining and examination of embryo development. One hundred and fifty fertile eggs (100 KUB eggs and 50 WL eggs) incubated is in a portable incubator at 38oC temperature and 60% humidity. PGC-circulating collection of KUB chickens from 2.5-day old embryos (stages 15-16) purified by the ACK lysis buffer method. Staining performed is by visualizing donor cells using the PKH-26 Red Fluorescence Cell Linker Mini Kit. The PGCs are then transferred to the recipient embryo. The presence of PGCs and develop recipient embryos analyzed is descriptive. The results showed that through staining and examination, the presence of circulating PGCs into the recipient gonads was detected. It concluded is that germ line chimeras obtained, which indicated by the presence of PGCs in the recipient embryo
Nerve Growth Factor Levels in Seminal Plasma and Their Correlation with Madura Cattle Semen Analys
No full textNerve Growth Factor (NGF) is one of the Neurotropin protein families. There is an evidence that NGF not only plays an important role in the nervous system but also plays an important role in the reproductive system. The objective of this study is to determine NGF levels in seminal plasma and their correlation with Madura cattle semen quality. Ten candidate of Madura bulls belonged to the Livestock Breeding and Animal Health Unit Pamekasan Madura were selected with the classification 3-5 years of age, healthy, normal genitalia, and good libido. Semen evaluation included sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm viability, and sperm plasma membrane integrity. The NGF levels in the samples of seminal plasma were analyzed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results of the study showed that the average of NGF levels in seminal plasma of ten Madura cattle were 0.29±0.15 ng/ml and it had a significant correlation with sperm motility (P 0.05) but did not have a significant correlation with sperm concentration, sperm viability, and plasma membrane integrity (P 0.05). In conclusion, NGF levels in seminal plasma had a positive correlation with sperm motility, which are related to sperm fertility
Studies in Physical, Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Spray Dried Kefir with Skim Milk Filler
No full textKefir is popular fermented milk that is easily found in a form of a drink product and is still less available in a form of powder. The drying process of kefir drink into kefir powder can be proceeded by a spray-drying method. This research aimed to evaluate the changes of physical, chemical, and microbiology characteristics of the kefir powder using skim milk filler with spray drying method. The Experiment was carried out by completely randomized design with 5 treatments of skim milk filler composition (w/v) (0%; 2.5%; 5%; 7.5 %; 10%) respectively. The result showed kefir treated with different concentrations of skimmed milk filler has a significant effect on its physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics. It was concluded that supplementation of 10% skimmed milk was able to maintain the quality standard of kefir during the spray drying process
Immunomodulatory Effect of Virgin Coconut Oil in Wistar Rats Infected with Staphylococcus aureus
Get PDFVirgin coconut oil (VCO) contains bioactive that induce immunity against infectious diseases. This study aim to determine the immunomodulatory effects of VCO based on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), lymphocyte proliferation, and histopathological examination in liver and kidney of rats infected with Staphylococcus aureus. The VCO was given intragastrically to rats with a dose of 250 µL for one week. The rats were infected with S. aureus at 5x102 bacterial cells intraperitoneally. Twenty (20) female Wistar rats of one month old were divided into four groups. The negative control group (C-): without treatment, AV group: infected with S. aureus followed by VCO treatment; VA group: pretreated with VCO followed by S. aureus infection, and positive control group (C+): were infected with S. aureus without VCO. All rats were euthanized and necropsied based on the animal ethic standard. Plasma samples were taken to evaluate SOD activity, and lymphocytes were isolated from the spleen to determine their proliferative ability. Livers and kidneys were collected for a histopathology examination. Results showed that the VA group had the highest SOD activity on the 4th week (41.50 ± 3.56 %) and lymphocyte proliferation (0.3018) compared to all treatments, indicating immunomodulatory effects of VCO. Liver of treatments group showed leucocytes infiltration, no hemorrhages (VA); the hepatocytes with normal cells (VA). Kidney of treatments group showed leucocytes infiltration (AV); normal epithelial glomerulus and tubulus cells, still found hemorrhage (VA). These studies indicated that VCO has a potential role as an immunomodulator, hepatoprotectant, and nephroprotectant
Sumbawa Wild Horse Milk: Production, Usage, Chemical Compound, Microbial Community, and Probiotics Potency
No full textWild horse milk of Sumbawa is a national commodity derived from the wild horse in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. This product is well known to have health benefits for people. There have been studies related to milk’s characterization, chemical composition, microbial biodiversity, and probiotics effects by Indonesian academists since it is a local product produced only in Indonesia. This report objects to collect scientific documentation in Indonesia of wild horse milk of Sumbawa usage, its production, chemical compounds, microbial community, and potency as probiotics. Milk production of Sumbawa horse milk was 1-2 liters/horse/day. The usage of this commodity covered the health, medicine, food, and cosmetics industries. The main chemistry compound of wild horse milk was lactose 6.48%, protein 1.81%, and fat 1.67%, which will affect its microbial community. Lactic acid bacteria, especially Lactobacillus, were the dominant bacteria that have potency as probiotics. Thus, this article provides a reference for academists or researchers who are interested to explore this commodity
Effect of Protection of Soybean Meal Using Mahogany Leaf Extract in Ruminant Diet on Rumen Fermentation Products
Get PDFThe study was aimed to examine effect of protecting soybean meal using mahogany leaf extract on rumen fermentation products in vitro. The material used was cow rumen fluid, basal ration consisting of concentrate and elephant grass with a ratio of 60:40%, and mahogany leaves. The research was carried out in three stages: mahogany extraction, protein protection using mahogany extract, and in vitro stages. The test was conducted in vitro based on a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments consisted of 4 kinds of soybean meal protection with 0% tannin concentration (T0); 1.5% (T1); 3% (T2); and 4.5% (T3). Data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and tested using orthogonal polynomials. Results showed that addition of protected soybean meal with mahogany leaf extract had a cubical effect on partial VFA, methane gas and post-rumen dissolved protein, a quadratic effect on protozoa, and a linear effecton N-NH3, SPM, and RUDP. Giving extra mahogany leaves at a level of 1.5% produced a fermented product that was not different from the control while giving a level of 3% got the highest fermentation product. Giving mahogany leaf extract at a level of 4.5% resulted in the highest SPM, and RUDP but there was a decrease in soluble protein, which indicated the occurrence of overprotection. The addition of 3% mahogany leaf extract effectively increased rumen fermentation products, RUDP, and soluble protein without disturbing the activity of rumen bacteria
Avian Beta Defensin 2 (AvBD2) Gene Polymorphism Identification in IPB-D1 Chicken
Get PDFAvian Beta Defensin 2 (AvBD2) gene, which is located in chromosome 3, plays an important role in the immune system of the chicken by inhibiting the development of microorganisms such as bacteria that infect body tissues. Defensins are produced through epithelial cells immediately after tissue injury or infection, which then processes the maturation of dendritic cells to initiate an immune response in the lymph nodes. The purpose of this study was to discover the polymorphism of the AvBD2 gene in IPB-D1 chickens. PCR and direct-DNA sequencing methods were used to identify the diversity of intron 1, exon 2, and intron 2 AvDB2 genes in 47 chickens. Genotype and allele frequency, and heterozygosity calculations were carried out to obtain information of the AvBD2 gene polymorphism. A total of 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms were found in the AvBD2 gene located in intron 1 (g.4843TA, g.4853GA, and g.4859TC), exon 2 (g.4881AG, g.4889GA, and g.5002CT), and intron 2 (g.5075CT, g.5111TG, g.5116GT, and g.5177GT). All SNPs are polymorphic. The g.5002CT mutation causes changes in the amino acid Ala to Val which has the potential to be a candidate for characterizing disease resistance in IPB-D1 chickens