Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development : Scientific Journal of ICARD
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Influence of Tenebrio molitor L Supplementation on Egg Quality and Omega-3 Content
Full text linkTenebrio molitor L is one of the alternative feed ingredients because it is rich in nutrients, namely protein, vitamins, minerals (calcium), energy, and fat. Tenebrio molitor L also contains 33.64±0.22% omega-3, so it is hoped that the eggs produced contain omega-3. In this study 300 Lohman Brown laying hens of 20-week-old were used. Completely randomized design (CRD) was applied in this study with 3 treatments and 10 replications, each replication contained 10 laying hens. Treatments were: P0= Feed containing 5% MBM, P1= Feed containing 2.5% MBM + 2.5% Tenebrio molitor L, and P2= Feed containing 5% Tenebrio molitor L. This research was conducted for 6 months. The variables observed were egg production, egg weight, egg shape index, shell weight, shell thickness, Haugh unit, yolk index, and omega-3. Treatment had no influence on egg physical quality but had a significant influence on egg weight. Treatment P0 prodeced the lowest egg weight that was 59.02±0.53 g. Treatment P2 had higher omega-3 contents than P0 and P1 that was 88±0.12 mg 100 g-1. It was concluded that Tenebrio molitor L could replace MBM up to 5% in laying hens feed, improve eggs quality, and omega-3 content in eggs
Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Anacardic acid as a Bioactive Compound and Its Application on Ruminant
Full text linkThe use of bioactive compounds from plants is becoming a major interest to be used as feed additives to reduce the effect of greenhouse gases on climate changes and as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter. One of the compounds that have not been widely known and used is anacardic acid. In Indonesia, anacardic acid and its derivates are commonly found in the waste from the cashew nut industry, namely cashew nut shells. The purpose of this paper is to describe the chemical and biological characteristics of anacardic acid and its effects on rumen fermentation and ruminant production. Anacardic acid or cashew nut shell extract that contains anacardic acid have the ability to suppress methane produced in the rumen. In addition, this compound increases propionic acid in the rumen which is useful for ruminant. Up till now, the applications of anacardic acid for ruminants that described in published papers were mostly done in vitro, while its direct application to livestock has not been widely reported and most of its use is combined with other compounds. The utilization of anacardic acid in Indonesia as a feed additive for ruminants will contribute to reducing greenhouse gases and increasing the productivity of ruminants
Milk Yield of Dairy Buffaloes Supplemented with Yeast Solution and Yeast-fermented Cassava Pulp
Full text linkFeed resource availability and quality are two of the major factors limiting dairy production in the Philippines. Utilization of microbial-based feed additives and agricultural by-products such as cassava pulp aided by fermentation technology can help provide the needed resource. This study aimed to determine the effect of activated yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) solution (AYS) and yeast-fermented cassava pulp (YFCP) on milk production and feed cost-efficiency in dairy buffaloes. The study followed RCBD design using 63 dairy buffaloes at the Philippine Carabao Center in Ubay Stock Farm, Bohol. The average daily milk yield (ADMY) of buffaloes supplemented with 0.5L AYS and 1L AYS twice daily were greater than that of control buffaloes by 0.67L and 0.69L, respectively (P = 0.0039).On the other hand, the ADMY of buffaloes fed with YFCP and YFCP+AYS were greater than that of control buffaloes by 0.64 and 0.68L, respectively (P = 0.0320). Supplementation of AYS and feeding YFCP yielded the lowest cost per liter of milk produced at PhP 20.25 and PhP 16.24, respectively. It is recommended to supplement milking dairy buffaloes with AYS or feeding YFCP in areas with cassava pulp to increase feed resource, increase milk production and improve feed cost-efficiency thereby increasing significantly the farmer’s income
Antibiotic Resistance of the Campylobacter Isolates According to Their Species in Different Samples of Broiler Chicken in Many Regions
Full text linkCampylobacter jejuni and C. coli are contaminants of broiler skin, and in unauthorized numbers cause campylobacteriosis in consumers where symptoms range from gastrointestinal to life-threatening. The number of chicken bacteria and their genetic diversity depend on the growing conditions, and the presence of antibiotic resistance genes is the result of irrational use of antibiotics. The purpose of this paper is to point out the importance of reducing the contamination of Campylobacter spp. in broiler production as well as the importance of the rational use of antibiotics in the production of broilers with a contribution to the prevention of the spread of campylobacteriosis and antibiotic resistance. The incidence of campylobacteriosis can be prevented by the concept of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) in broiler production and the use of probiotics as biological preservatives in broiler meat. The spread of antibiotic resistance genes can be reduced by prohibition of antibiotic use for prophylaxis and only permitted for medication
Effect of Body Condition Score on Reproductive Performance and Chest Girth of Bali cows in Different Rearing Systems
Full text linkNutrition and rearing systems are some of the main factors affecting productivity of cows. Body condition score (BCS) is a method used to assess nutritional status and evaluate rearing systems of each animal. This study was done to analyze effect of BCS on reproductive performance and chest girth of Bali cow in different rearing systems. This study was conducted at the Field Station of Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat Kuamang Abadi, Bungo Regency, Jambi, Indonesia. A total of 62 heads of Bali cow with BCS of 2, 3, and 4 (scale 1-5) reared on intensive, semi-intensive and extensive systems were used in this study. This study was conducted using survey and direct observation. Variables observed were as follows: BCS, calving interval (CI), days open (DO), service per conception (S/C) and chest girth (CG). Data were analyzed using simple correlation and regression analysis in SPPS, followed by descriptive analysis. Result showed that the BCS of Bali cow in different rearing systems did not affect CI, DO, S/C and CG. BCS had a weak correlation coefficient (r), with the reproductive performance of CI, DO, and S/C at 0.09, 0.09, and 0.08, respectively. In addition, the relationship between BCS and CG was highly significant, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.532. Therefore, BCS had a positive relationship with CI, DO, S/C, and CG. Moreover, BCS cannot be used as the only indicator to assess the reproductive performance of Bali cow in different rearing systems
Effectivity of Dry and Liquid BS4 Enzymes in Improving Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed Different Nutrient Density Diet
Full text linkSupplementation of enzymes in feed is now commonly practiced to increase the nutrient availability of feed and the performance of poultry. A new enzyme called BS4 was produced by cultivating Eupenicilium javanicum. It is necessary to test the efficacy of this enzyme since the effectiveness of enzyme supplementation depends on many factors. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary BS4 enzyme supplementation in improving the performance of broiler chickens. A number of 300 broilers DOC was distributed into 30 pens and reared until 35 d. Six experimental diets i.e., factorial of 2 (Standard diet, and low nutrient density diet) X 3 (Control, BS4 liquid enzyme, and BS4 powder enzyme) were formulated with 5 replications. The performance (feed intake, body weight, FCR, and survival rates) were observed during the starter (1-21 d) and whole (1-35 d) periods. At the end of the trial, measurements were also made on the carcass yield, abdominal fat, liver, and gizzard weights. Results showed that performances of broilers from 1-35 d were not significantly affected by interaction between nutrient density and enzyme supplement. The nutrient density also did not affect performances of broilers. However, dietary enzyme supplementation significantly reduced feed intake and improved FCR of broilers as compared to the control. Supplementation of BS4 in liquid or powder form, reduced feed intake by 3.6%. Supplementation of liquid and powder BS4 enzymes improved FCR by 6.4% and 8.9%, respectively, but no different effect between liquid and powder BS4 enzymes on performance of broilers. Nutrient density, enzyme supplementation, and interactions between the two factors did not significantly influence carcass yield, abdominal fat, liver, and gizzard relative weights of broilers
Alternative Solution of Rabbit Development in the Lowlands
Full text linkRabbits are known as livestock suitable to be raised in highland areas with relatively low temperatures. However, rabbits can still survive in lowland areas with relatively high temperatures. Several aspects should be considered to achieve an efficient and profitable rabbit production. An intensive rearing system should be carried out especially in selecting good breeding stock and providing a good nutritional feed. Environmental condition is important to be aware of since the condition that is less appropriate for rabbits, may cause lower production. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the problem and solution for developing rabbit production in lowland areas. The breed of rabbit and type of feed that is used for lowland areas are discussed. The main obstacle to raising rabbits in lowland areas is the relatively high temperature. Therefore, climate engineering around the cage becomes an important effort to reduce the air temperature, hence, providing a comfortable environment for rabbits to grow and reproduce
Growth Performance and Cost Benefits of Broilers Fed Diets Containing Ipomoea asarifolia Leaf Meal
Full text linkThis experiment was conducted to determine growth performance and cost benefit of including cooked Ipomoea asarifolia leaf meal (CIALM) in broiler diets. Eight diets were compounded by including Ipomoea asarifolia leaf meal at 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5% to form T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively of both starter and finisher diets. One hundred and twenty broiler birds were used in a Complete Randomized Design experiment that lasted for eight weeks. Daily feed intake and weekly weight gain were measured. Average daily feed intake, average daily weight gain, total feed consumed, feed conversion ratio and cost benefit parameters were calculated. In starter phase results showed that there were significant differences (P0.05) between treatment means in all the parameters except initial weight of the birds. There were significant differences (p0.05) between treatment means in all the parameters measured during the finisher phase including the cost analysis parameters except that feed cost decreasing with increasing levels of CIALM and net profit decreased from T1 to T4 because of the decrease in total weight gain from T1 to T4. Final weight gain, total weight gain, average daily feed intake, total feed intake, average daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feed cost and feed cost per kg weight gain all decreased with increasing levels of CIALM. Results control diet performed better than other treatment diets which suggest that lower levels of inclusion that is less than 2.5% may give positive results
Tolerant Saline Forage: Characteristic, Nutrient Content, Productivity and Cultivation
Full text linkThe area of saline land in Indonesia will continue to expand which are potential to be used for forage development. The usage of saline land has a limiting factor of high salt content, that affects the productivity and nutritional quality forage. Several saline-tolerant fodder plants, including Pennisetum notatum, Pennisetum hybrida, Pennisetum purpureum, Panicum maximum, Setaria sphacelata, and Cynodon plectostachyus, have the potential to be developed. Plants respond to salinity by decreasing morphological performance, transpiration, and stomata. The productivity and nutrient content of grass are influenced by salinity. Saline-tolerant forage have similar productivity and nutrient content to those grown on optimal land. Fertilization, soil media, and the use of saline tolerant varieties can all be used to grow saline tolerant grass
Effect of Supplementing Ground Leaf of Misai (Orthosiphon stamineus) in Diet on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens
Full text linkThe use of herbs in animal nutrition is one of the important approaches in overcoming the disadvantages of excessive use of artificial chemicals in animal nutrition. The present study was done to evaluate response of broilers feeding on a diet supplemented with the ground leaf of misai (Orthosiphon stamineus). The birds in this, study were 160 one-day-old male broiler chickens, given ad libitum water and feed for up to 20 days. Treatments were given to 21-day-old male broiler chickens. Data was collected and evaluated after slaughtering 42-day- male broiler chickens. It was shown that supplementing broiler diets with O. stamineus powdered leaf at a rate of 8 g/kg resulted in growth performance comparable to tetracycline and Vitamin E supplementation. It was also shown that supplementing the diet with 8 g/kg O. stamineus had a blood enzyme-lowering effect. In broilers receiving tetracycline supplementation, however, significant serum enzyme activity was observed. Results also showed that 8 g/kg of ground O. stamineus leaf in the diet was equivalent to 200 mg/kg Vitamin E supplementation. Therefore, O. stamineus leaf powder can promote organic, safe, and sustainable broiler chicken production, and as diet supplement