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Growth performance and nutritional quality of selected vegetables in response to organic and inorganic fertilizers under low and high irradiance
Get PDFVegetables form major part of human dietary/nutritional needs. It provides the necessary vitamins and minerals as well as antioxidants to boost immunity. Different vegetables however have different benefits and require different growing conditions. This study investigated the effect of two growing conditions (Screen-house and open field) and soil amendments; Mexican sunflower compost (MSC; applied at 0, 5, 10 t/ha) and NPK 15:15:15 (applied at 0, 50 and 100 kg N/ha) on the growth performance, yield, and nutritional quality of five selected vegetables (Amaranthus cruentus, Celosia. argentea, Solanum macrocarpon, Solanum nigrum and Solanum incanum). Each treatment was replicated three times and experiment arranged in completely randomized design, Compost was applied a week before seed sowing vegetables grown in the screen-house generally performed better than the open field in terms of leaf area and chlorophyll content. The response however varied based on the vegetable and the soil amendments. Solanum species, performed better than Amaranthus under screen-house than open field. Chlorophyll in the leaf responded positively to NPK fertilizer under screen-house conditions while growth parameters such as plant height, stem girth, number of leaves under screen-house and field conditions varied depending on the vegetables. The number of leaves and leaf area increased with soil amendments. Moisture, crude protein and ash contents were reduced under open field compared to screen-house. The zinc and iron contents of the vegetable leaves showed that addition of compost was superior to NPK and screen-house better than open field. It can be concluded that vegetables grown in the screen-house performed better in their respective growth parameters than vegetables are grown under the open field
Early performance of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)genotypes in arecanut under Assam condition of North Eastregion of India
Get PDFCocoa is an important plantation crop grown in southern parts of India. Though many cocoa varieties have been released for cultivation in different parts of India, there is no variety recommended for cultivation exclusively for India’s North East region, especially Assam, where arecanut is grown as an important cash crop. Therefore the present investigation was undertaken to study the performance of twelve cocoa genotypes for its growth, pod yield and yield attributing traits for subsequent research programmes. The data for growth, pod yield and yield attributing traits were recorded three years after planting for five years (2015 to 2019), and the mean data were used for analysis. Genotype VTLC 11 significantly produced greater plant height (2.70 m), stem circumference (27.73 cm), height at jorquetting (36.16 cm) and canopy area (17.00 m2). Mean average pod yield among the genotypes varied from 20.65 to 48.40 tree-1 year-1. Genotype VTLC 19 produced significantly higher pod yield (48.40), number of fresh beans pod-1 (34.06), fresh bean weight pod-1 (229.65 g), dry bean weight pod-1 (119.32 g), single dry bean weight (1.20 g) and dry bean yield (1.76 kg). Considering the most economic traits of cocoa, VTLC 19 appears to be the most suitable genotype for commercial cultivation in the region
Identification and selection of elite oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) genotypes for utilisation in a breeding program
Get PDFOil palm is a vegetable oil yielding, cross-pollinated crop belonging Arecaceae family, having a high potential for increasing oil yield to fulfil the requirement of edible oil in the country. Evaluation of oil palm germplasm was carried out at ICAR-IIOPR, Pedavegi, in 73 genotypes. A correlation study reported that the height of the palm was positively correlated with height increment, rachis length, number of a leaflet, bunch number, and FFB yield. In contrast, the girth of the palm was negatively correlated with the bunch index. Two Dura genotypes viz., IC0610049-40 and IC0610051-71 with high FFB yield (276.2 and 234.6 kg palm-1 year-1, respectively) with more number of bunches palm-1 year-1 (15.3 and 16.7, respectively) and high oil to bunch ratio (20.9% for both) and one Tenera genotype IC0610049-39 with 202.5 kg FFB with 11.7 bunches palm-1 year-1 and 23.0 per cent oil to bunch ratio were selected. One low height increment Dura palm IC0610045-3 with 19.56 cm year-1 and these genotypes can be used in the future breeding program for developing mother palms for production of Tenera hybrid
Bean and beverage quality - Prospects of four F1 hybrids of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) in India
Get PDFIn coffee, both physical quality attributes as assessed by the colour and size of the beans and cup quality of the beverage rated based on sensory analysis are the important criteria for determining market price. In general, quality is dependent on genotype and also influenced by the growing conditions. The bean and beverage quality of pure C. arabica varieties is far superior to diploid introgressed arabica genotypes developed for improved host resistance. Thus, integrating the host resistance without affecting quality parameters is very imperative in arabica coffee breeding. Four F1 hybrids (S.5083, S.5084, S.5085 & S.5086) developed from reciprocal crosses between the most popular semi-dwarf arabica variety ‘Chandragiri’ and Sln.10, an auto-tetraploid of a diploid inter-specific hybrid, used as a donor for rust resistance, were evaluated for physical quality traits for four seasons and cup profiles for two seasons. Among the four hybrids, S.5085 and S.5086 recorded bold bean size with 70.05 per cent and 69.75 per cent of mean ‘A’ grade beans, respectively. The ‘B’ grade ranged from 9.5 per cent to 10.4 per cent in hybrids as against 16.8 per cent in Chandragiri. The Pea berry ranged from 10.1 per cent to 12.5 per cent, indicating high fertility in hybrids. The cup qualities of S.5085 and S.5086 were also found superior with a cumulative average score of 80.3 and 78.3 respectively, compared to parents; 71.6 in Chandragiri and 77.3 in Sln.10. The present study established the superiority of S.5085 and S.5086 in quality parameters and therefore has potential implications in the commercial exploitation of these two F1 hybrids that also manifested high levels of field tolerance to coffee leaf rust
Soil test crop response based phosphorus calibration study for bread wheat in Kofele District, West Arsi Zone Oromia, Ethiopia
Get PDFNowadays, a balanced fertilizer recommendation is of paramount importance in order to confirm the security and sustainably increase crop productivity for farmers and other stakeholders. Soil test crop response based phosphorus calibration study in two years (2017 and 2018) was done for bread wheat in kofele district with objectives to assess and evaluate yield response of bread wheat to phosphorus-fertilizer applications in soils that have initial high/medium/low levels of phosphorus on Eutric Vertisols. A composite soil samples collection were made in zigzag method from farmer’s land and analyzed for available P in order to identify the level of the required parameters in the soil to select farmland for actual experiment. Accordingly, phosphorus calibration study treatments include application of 0, 10,20,30,40 and 50 kg P ha-1 with recommended nitrogen 69 kg N ha-1 with RCBD design was used with two replications. The plot size of 5mx4m with a seed rate of 150 kg ha-1 and Ogolcho variety which had been recommended for the area was used. So that the result showed that phosphorus fertilizer application significantly affects yield and yield components of bread wheat. Similarly, phosphorous fertilizer application at different rates increased grain yield of bread wheat by 28 to 44% compared to the control. Furthermore, the study was revealed that phosphorus critical (Pc) point for bread wheat was 19, and phosphorus requirement factor was also 3.30. Therefore, future research should focus on verification of the result on farmland before disseminating the technology to the end-user
Problems and use of cyanobacteria for environmental improvement – A Review
Get PDFCyanobacteria were considered harmful to other living organisms, due to their microcystin content. In addition, uncontrolled populations of cyanobacteria, also known as algal blooms, occur both naturally and as a result of human activity, leading to the development of more complex problems. These microorganisms are currently receiving a lot of attention, as several investigations have considered successful applications of reducing exposure to nature, causing reduced risks to ecosystems, and providing benefits to human life. This study aims to provide answers to current problems, by providing a different perspective on cyanobacteria. Furthermore, it is for the benefits of cyanobacteria for the environment in accordance with the recommendations in some of the literature on previous research results
Application of geographic information systems in effective management of the land resources of Syrdarya region, Uzbekistan
Get PDFThe article analyzes the opportunities of effective land management using geographical information systems. The perspectives of the using of geo information systems in the efficient use of agricultural lands especially in the development of recommendations for improving the reclamation of saline soils are given. The development of algorithms for the provision of relevant regulatory recommendations on the state of the lands in the studied area and the creating of salt washing norm maps based on GIS technologies have been studied
Effect of cytokinins on growth and phenylpropanoid accumulation in Tartary buckwheat sprouts (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)
Get PDFThis study analyzed the effect of plant hormones, zeatin, 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP), kinetin, and thidiazuron (TDZ) on the growth of Tartary buckwheat sprouts and analyzed the fresh weight, shoot and root length, and production of phenolic compounds. All the hormone-treated plants at the lowest concentration (0.1 mg/L) showed the highest levels of growth parameters (fresh weight, shoot, and root length) when compared to the control. Among the various hormones treatment, the plant treated with 1 mg/L of BAP, kinetin, and zeatin showed the highest total phenolic level, whereas the TDZ showed the highest accumulation of total phenolic at the lowest concentration (0.1 mg/L). A total of 6 compounds were identified (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin, and trans-cinnamic acid) were quantified by high liquid performance chromatography (HPLC) after treatment of plant with different concentrations of hormones. Among these individual phenolic compounds, at the higher hormonal concentration (1 mg/L) the rutin showed the highest accumulation in BAP, zeatin, and kinetin treated sprout, whereas in the TDZ treated sprout the rutin content was highest at the lowest concentration (0.1 mg/L). From these results, it is suggested that BAP, zeatin, and kinetin at the lowest concentrations might positively enhance the growth of buckwheat sprouts, whereas at the highest hormonal treatment the accumulation of the phenolic compounds was higher. However, in TDZ treatment the growth and phenolic compound accumulation were highest at the lowest concentration. From these results, it is showed that suitable concentrations might enhance the growth and phenolic compound accumulation in Tatary buckwheat sprout
The impacts of electric vehicles and heat pumps load profiles on low voltage distribution networks in Great Britain by 2050
Get PDFThe impacts of uptake and electricity load profiles of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Heat Pumps (HPs) on the low voltage (LV) distribution networks were analyzed. The United Kingdom (UK) has a legally mandated policy concerning reduction of greenhouse gasses (GHGs) emissions. Therefore, the integration of low carbon technologies (LCTs) especially EVs and HPs at the LV networks is expected to increase in the drive to reducing the GHGs emissions. Future uptake scenarios, adapted from the National Grid studies, of EVs and HPs were developed for a real and typical urban LV distribution network in Great Britain (GB). Gridlab-D, an agent-based power system simulation software, was used to model the LV distribution network. The model was run for four different scenarios considering seasonal load profiles and projected EVs and HPs uptakes for each of the year 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050 respectively. The results were analyzed in terms of transformer loading, voltage profiles of the feeders, and the ampacity loading of the cables for the different scenarios of the years
Standardisation of RTS beverage from reconstituted cashew apple-based blended juice powder along with Sugandi
Get PDFCashew has commercial value for its nut and peduncle (false fruit), known as cashew apple. Requirements of consumers considering convenience, food safety, health benefits and sensory quality have increased demand for fruit juices, but most consumers don’t get time for the ready to use products. Instant juice powders can meet consumer requirements being cheap to transport and with prolonged shelf life. Then the blended juice was mixed with maltodextrin @15 per cent, i.e., 15 g for 100 mL of blended juice by proper homogenisation. The roots of the sugandi (Swallow root - Decalepsis hamiltonii) were collected, cleaned thoroughly and discarded the central white portion of the roots. Among the blended juice treatment combinations, the highest pH of 3.45 was recorded in B3 (75% cashew apple juice + 25% pineapple juice powder at 150°C inlet temperature with a flow rate of 10 mL min-1). The ready-to-serve (RTS) beverage, along with sugandi stored under refrigerated condition, were free from microbial proliferation till the end of the storage period (60th day of storage), indicating its fitness for consumption with maximum flavour, taste and overall acceptability