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Analysis of secondary structure and identification of internal repeats in miRNA precursor sequences of Saccharum officinarum, Saccharum sp. and Sorghum bicolor
Full text linkMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that interact with mRNA in a sequence-specific manner. These interactions are primarily regulated by the secondary structural conformation of miRNAs. In plants, miRNAs have always been a subject to extensive research to see their explicit roles in overall development, cell to cell communications, metabolism, responses to stress and pathogen invasion. Here, we aimed to gain more understanding of the secondary structure of all possible miRNA precursor sequences (pre-miRNAs from which mature miRNAs are produced) for Saccharum and Sorghum, the two closest monocot relatives among the domesticated cultivated crops. Using computational approaches, altogether, 240 different pre-miRNAs were analyzed among which three different structural patterns were observed. The structural motifs primarily consist of stem, internal loop, bulge, and terminal loop. The pre-miRNAs of Saccharum sp. were found to have the most stable secondary structure with -193.05 kcal/mol free energy suggesting their resistance to nuclease in the cell. The Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) within the stem region of pre-miRNAs were found to be predominant with many trinucleotides, tetranucleotides and less frequent pentanucleotide repeats. AUG/AUC was the mostly observed trinucleotide in 80 percent of the studied precursors. The occurrence of these repeat sequences at varying level suggests their role in the proper functioning of miRNAs. Likewise, SSRs provide a molecular basis for the structural conformation of pre-miRNAs. All this information is substantially required for identifying miRNA targets and designing additional miRNA-based strategies to increase crop yields and enhance plant resistance to environmental stresses
Economic and financial viability of wheat production in Cameroon
Full text linkThis study evaluated the economic and financial profitability of wheat production in Cameroon using data from 300 individuals in Adamawa, North-West, and West regions. Key factors influencing profitability were identified through correlation heatmaps, pair-plot diagrams, and modeling algorithms (Generalized Least Squares, Random Forest, and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator). Positive factors included production volume, packaging, and transportation costs, while negative factors included production workforce, experience, and fertilizer costs. The net margin for wheat production was positive at 76,691,000 FCFA, but financial profitability was low, with an import-to-export ratio of 0.16. The study highlights the need to enhance wheat production to reduce importation
Effects of ageing on seed viability and oil qualities of black cumin cultivars in Ethiopia: Seed viability and oil quality in black cumin
No full textSeed quality is crucial for the success of crop production, as it affects germination capacity, emergence potential, and seedling growth. This study investigated the impact of extended storage on the germination capacity, oleoresin and essential oil contents of black cumin seeds from three black cumin cultivars in Ethiopia viz. Aden, Dershaye, and Darbera. Seeds were stored for up to three years, and germination studies were conducted using a completely randomized design. Results showed that storage period significantly affected various germination parameters, with a decrease in germination percentage observed with increasing storage period. However, cultivar and the interaction between storage period and cultivar had no statistically significant effect on germination percentage. The study also provides valuable insights into the correlations between different germination indices. Additionally, as black cumin seeds age, their oleoresin and essential oil contents decrease across all three cultivars. Proper seed storage practices are essential in maintaining the germination potential of black cumin seeds, particularly over extended storage periods. Overall, this study provides insights into the impact of extended seed storage on black cumin seed quality and germination potential, highlighting the importance of proper seed management practices to support sustainable crop production
Studies on carbon sequestration potential of trees with epiphytic orchid association
Full text linkEpiphytic orchids are a fascinating group of plant species that thrive on the branches and trunks of trees, forming intricate symbiotic relationships with their host. They contribute to the vibrant biodiversity of forest ecosystems and play a crucial role in carbon dynamics and storage. The study aims to estimate carbon sequestrations of phorophytes and associated epiphytic orchids by quantifying the above ground biomass (AGB), total biomass (TB), and amount of carbon stored. It has been found that 97 trees from nine different tree species are associated with epiphytes in the study area. Among the nine species examined, Alstonia scholaris exhibited the highest biomass for above ground, below ground, and total biomass, with values of 24,043.35 kg/tree, 6,251.27 kg/tree, and 30,294.62 kg/tree, respectively. In addition, Cocos nucifera had the lowest values. The highest biomass, carbon storage, and rate of carbon sequestration were recorded for the epiphyte species associated with the phorophyte A. scholaris. When the phorophytes were associated with epiphytic orchids, their carbon sequestration rates rose from 1.94% to 15.07%. This study provides empirical evidence and analytical perspectives to create a model that mitigates the consequences of climate change and global warming while maintaining current land usage
Anti-advanced glycation end-products and antibacterial inhibitory activities of Neonauclea formicaria (Rubiaceae)
Full text linkNeonauclea species have been studied for their phytochemical and potential pharmacological uses. However, many of its species still remained unexplored. The Philippine endemic Neonauclea formicaria has been documented for its ethnobotanical use, but little has been reported on its phytochemical and pharmacological profile. Hence, this study evaluates the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents and assesses its ethanolic leaf extracts’ antiglycation, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. N. formicaria leaf extracts at 1000 ppm gave 63.02±5.82 mg GAE/g DW TPC and 31.25±4.24 mg QE/g DW TFC. The extract showed a concentration-dependent activity in inhibiting AGE formation for the antiglycation assay, with an IC50 value of 2823.5 ppm. In antioxidant assay, the extract exhibited the highest TEAC value of 419.5±14.3 mg TE/kg DW at 250 ppm. Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were shown to be the most susceptible to the leaf extract (1000 ppm), with zones of inhibition at 16.56±5.65 mm and 14.06±2.65 mm, respectively. The results highlight that N. formicaria bears promising properties with pharmacological and nutraceutical applications
Leveraging deep learning for plant disease identification: a bibliometric analysis in SCOPUS from 2018 to 2024
Full text linkThis work aimed to present a bibliometric analysis of deep learning research for plant disease identification, with a special focus on generative modeling. A thorough analysis of SCOPUS-sourced bibliometric data from 253 documents was performed. Key performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score were analyzed for generative modeling. The findings highlighted significant contributions from some authors Too and Arnal Barbedo, whose works had notable citation counts, suggesting their influence on the academic community. Co-authorship networks revealed strong collaborative clusters, while keyword analysis identified emerging research gaps. This study highlights the role of collaboration and citation metrics in shaping research directions and enhancing the impact of scholarly work in applications of deep learning to plant disease identification. Future research should explore the methodologies of highly cited studies to inform best practices and policy-making
Quantification of camptothecin and some flavonoids from Ixora javanica (Blume) DC by HPLC
Full text linkIxora javanica is a medicinally important plant reported to show anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities. The present study investigates four medicinally important phytoconstituents present in various parts of I. javanica. HPLC technique is used to detect the presence and quantities of three flavonoids rutin, kaempferol and quercetin in the leaves and flowers and alkaloid camptothecin in the bark and roots of I. javanica. Rutin was best extracted (43.92%) using 90% ethanol whereas quercetin (0.27%) was best extracted using 85% methanol both from the flowers of the plant. Kaempferol was best extracted from leaves (1.15%) using petroleum ether as a solvent. Alkaloid camptothecin was found to be present in bark (7.34%) as well as root extracts (3.52%) of I. javanica. However, higher camptothecin content was present in the bark as compared to the roots of the same plant. Both 60% methanol or 60% ethanol were found to be equally good solvents for camptothecin extraction from bark and root samples. This is the first report of HPLC quantification of alkaloid camptothecin from the bark and roots of I. javanica
Half diallel analysis in indigenous genotypes of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.): Half diallel analysis of fenugreek
No full textTo study the nature of gene action and its components, six genotypes of fenugreek were crossed in a half diallel mating design during Rabi 2017-18, resulting in fifteen one-way F1 hybrids which were evaluated in the experimental field of the Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, All India Coordinated Research Project on Spices, College of Agriculture and Research Station (CARS), Raigarh, Chhattisgarh with two checks during rabi season, 2018–19 in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Diallel analysis of indigenous landraces of fenugreek was conducted to identify and develop elite ‘pure lines’ for subsequent use in fenugreek breeding programmes. Crosses with high SCA effects were arranged in the order of their per se performance, general combining ability of the parents of these crosses and per cent superiority over standard check RMT 305 and Hisar Sonali. Best GCA effects and high mean performance parents were observed between high × high, high × low or low × low general combiners for different traits. The best recombinants were observed for IFHyb-4, IFHyb-11, IFHyb-7, and IFHyb-9 which were best for days to 50 % flowering, primary branches, secondary branches, and seed yield respectively, which belonged to high x low combining parents, indicating non additive x additive effects and additive x additive effects. This suggests that single plant selection would be desirable in their segregating generations. High heritability coupled with low genetic advance was recorded for days to 50 % flowering, secondary branches per plant, pod length, and seed yield (q/ha) which were regulated by non-additive gene action and presence of high genotype x environment interaction
Estimation of water stress in maize hybrid PMH-13 from stress degree days measurements
Full text linkA split-plot field experiment was performed to estimate water stress in maize cultivar PMH-13 which was grown using two different nitrogen levels: N1=150 kg ha-1 and N2=120 kg ha-1, each having four irrigation treatments based on IW/CPE ratios of 2.0 (I1), 1.5 (I2), 1.2 (I3) and 1.0 (I4), respectively. In the present study, three replications for each treatment have been employed to examine the impact of various irrigation treatments and nitrogen application on crop stress and yield. Among the four irrigation treatments, I4 exhibited the highest SDD, whereas I2 had the lowest value. Higher frequency of irrigation in I1 and I2 resulted in a reduction of crop stress due to the maintenance of higher soil moisture. Nitrogen application increased yield and reduced SDD. Thus, the irrigation strategy with IW/CPE ratio of 2.0 with nitrogen application of 150 kg ha-1 is observed to be most appropriate to reduce stress and maximize the yield of PMH-13
Morphological screening of rice varieties growing in Assam resistance to aluminium toxicity
Full text linkWhen plants are exposed to low pH levels, aluminium, which is unnecessary for plant growth, can be harmful. This experiment was conducted to study the aluminium toxicity induced responses among the 100 rice varieties growing in Assam, India. The rice seeds were grown hydroponically in Hoagland’s solution and 10 day old seedlings were subjected to 50 and 100μMAlCl3 treatment for 7 days and various growth parameters (viz., root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight) were recorded. Based on the overall morphological parameters, the aluminium Stress Response Index (SRI) was calculated. Again, iPASTIC software is also used to calculate various tolerance indices. Our experiment identified the Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive rice varieties based on the growth performance. Our findings lead us to conclude that both the Stress Response Index and iPASTIC can be used as a useful method for sorting among a wide range of rice cultivars to assess each variety’s resistance to a particular abiotic stress