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Assessment of vitality Berberis thunbergii DC. in Kyiv: Photosynthesis and Phytopathology
Get PDFThe process of functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus is one of the most vulnerable to stress factors. The information about the functional state of plants and the prospects for their use in urban greening can provide methods of fluorescence analysis. The objective of this research was to develop the state of plants Berberis thunbergii DC. which grow in the Mariinskyi Park (Kyiv) by the content of photosynthetic pigments and fluorescence induction chlorophyll (FIC). The article presents the results of the evaluation of fluorescence induction (FI) indicators and the content of photosynthetic pigments B. thunbergii according to the degree of damage by powdery mildew. Experimental plants were planted in the chernozem layer of 50 cm (humus content 4 %). The plants grow in a group planting of Picea glauca ‘Conica’ and Chlorophytum comosum ‘Variegatum’ directly 1.5–5 m from the highway under the canopy of Tilia cordata Mill. Moreover, the variability of FI curves in the absence/presence of plant lesions. The authors investigated the relationship between the content of photosynthetic pigments and FI. The degree of damage to experimental plants by powdery mildew affects the total chlorophyll content (a+b) and decreases by approximately 16 %, 7 %, and 5 % compared to the control. Recorded gradually disappear FI curves in plants with the highest degree of damage which affect photochemical reactions due to the slowing down of the outflow of Calvin cycle enzymes
GC-MS-based metabolomics analysis unravels the therapeutic potential of Neolamarckia cadamba fruit peel
Get PDFKadam (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) is an evergreen tropical tree widely grown in Asia, particularly in India. Neolamarckia cadamba commonly known as kadam, cadamba or burflower tree. The roots, leaves, barks, and fruits of N. cadamba possess medicinal properties and are commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry. Fruit peels are the main waste and may contain various biologically active compounds. However, no prior knowledge about the therapeutic compounds of the peel. The objective of the present study was to unveil therapeutic compounds from the peel by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolomics analysis. Metabolites from the kadam fruit peel were isolated and derivatized using MSTFA, characterized by the GC-MS analysis. Raw spectral data were pre-processed, and peak identification was performed using SHIMADZU Postrun analyse software. The metabolites in N. cadamba fruit peel were identified by comparing the peaks with the mass spectral reference database NIST v20. The results showed that the peel of kadam fruit contains 149 metabolites, which were further categorized into 46 different metabolite classes, with 52 different metabolic pathways and 63 biological functions. The principal roles of the metabolites were identified by functional annotation and enrichment analysis. It revealed that metabolites were responsible for anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer properties. In summary, the peel of kadam fruit also contains various therapeutic compounds like other cadamba parts (i.e., roots, leaves, barks, and fruits). Further, comparing the peel with other parts discloses the peel-specific metabolites. The results obtained in this study could be useful for the pharmaceutical industry
Review on agronomic investigations on cardamom and cardamom-based cropping systems in Karnataka: Agronomic investigations on cardamom based cropping systems
No full textSmall cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton), an eco-friendly high value spice and foreign exchange earner, is a native of Western Ghats of South India. India enjoyed near monopoly in its production till the seventies, but with the emergence of Guatemala as the main competitor, it has been relegated to second position both in production and export. The low production of cardamom up to eighties was due to lack of sound location specific agronomic package of recommendations. Hence, after a detailed survey of entire small cardamom growing areas in India and interaction with cardamom growers and other stake holders, a comprehensive location specific research programme was finalised and carried out for over 25 years. As a consequence of detailed agronomic investigations on cardamom and cardamom-based cropping systems, various agro techniques such as selection of elite lines of cardamom, rapid clonal multiplication technique, nursery techniques, systems and season of planting, irrigation, shade and weed management, apiculture, harvest and post harvest techniques, multistoried cropping system involving cardamom, coffee, arecanut, coconut etc. evolved. These high production technologies were effectively transferred to the cardamom growers based on local specificity which resulted in higher yields (average of 750 kg dry capsules ha-1 and a potential yield of 1945 kg dry capsules in demonstrations in farmers fields in Kodagu, Karnataka) from an initial benchmark average yield of 120-140 kg dry capsules ha-1
Two additions to the family Poaceae in the Flora of Allahabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Get PDFA floristic exploration of the family Poaceae in Uttar Pradesh resulted in the addition of one Bamboo genus viz., Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees and one grass species viz., Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin. to the flora of Allahabad (U.P.). A detailed description, updated citation, phenology, habitat and distribution are provided which facilitates easy identification
Germplasm conservation of Phyllanthus virgatus G. Forst. by encapsulation of In vitro derived leaf segments
Get PDFThe present study describes an efficient plant regeneration system for in vitro propagation of Phyllanthus virgatus through leaf explant. The leaf explants were cultured on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with BAP (1.5 mg L-1) and NAA (0.9 mg L-1 for efficient callus induction (82.26%). The maximum percentage of shoots (77.85%) was developed from BAP (2.0 mg L-1) and GA3 (0.5 mg L-1). The efficient rooting response (76.28%) was noted on a nutrient medium containing NAA (1.5 mg L-1) and IBA (0.2 mg L-1). Regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized and hardened off inside the culture room and then transferred to green house with a 72% survival rate
The possible responsiveness of FDI to electric power consumption at different income levels
Get PDFModern energy in the form of electricity is vital for economic activities such as getting clean water, and healthcare, getting stable and effective lighting, heating, and cooking. However, in developing countries, there is a huge shortage of electricity and big gaps in access, while access to electricity in developed countries almost reached a hundred percent. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to show the possible responsiveness of FDI to electric power consumption at different income-level. Hence, this study aims to address questions, including how is the relationship between economic activities such as FDI and electricity consumption at different income-level. For motivating the research, 131 countries' data have been collected from WDI and US-EIA from 1992 to 2016 and both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. The cross-country regression result shows that there exists an inverse-U shaped relationship between EPC and FDI net inflow because most high-income countries have a high level of EPC and therefore EPC becomes less important for them to attract FDI. But when we separate the total sample into two, EPC can significantly increase net FDI inflow for middle & low-income countries because for these countries, especially for low-income countries, sufficient electricity supply is important for FDI inflow
COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Influence of Mass Media: A Cross-Sectional Survey on Community People of Bangladesh
Get PDFThis work aimed to appraise the mass media influence on getting Bangladeshi people vaccinated during the second wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A cross-sectional study was performed among 1012 eligible respondents using a self-administered questionnaire to obtain data collected in March and April 2021 that assessed 1) the participant demographics, 2) perception towards beliefs and attitudes of COVID-19 vaccination via 5 items, 3) perception towards COVID-19 vaccination barriers via 5 items, 4) exposure to different media for COVID-19 vaccine news via 5 items, and 5) media's credibility in providing key information on COVID-19 vaccines via 5 items. Data were analyzed with frequency, mean and standard deviation of responses on each statement. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out. About 1012 participants were analysed (mean age ± standard error = 45.9 ± 10.6 years, range above 18 years). Most of the participants had positive responses with a high mean score for the media's credibility in providing key information on COVID-19 vaccines (4.46 ± 0.57), perception towards COVID-19 vaccination beliefs and attitudes (3.82 ± 0.78) and exposure to different media for COVID-19 vaccine news (3.76 ± 0.68). Participants’ exposure to different media and media's credibility was significantly associated with high adoption of getting vaccinated (AOR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1–1.3, p<0.05; AOR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.8–5.7, p<0.001, respectively). Research has shown that credible information about vaccines found in the media raised a person's level of motivation by raising awareness and contributed significantly to vaccine adoption
Influence of poultry manure rates on proximate, mineral, vitamin and anti-nutrient compositions of Baobab (Adansonia digitata) leaves
Get PDFSucculent leaves of two accessions of Baobab (Odo-Ere and Okoloke) grown under three poultry manure rates (PM) (0, 15 and 30 t ha-1) were harvested and assayed for proximate, mineral, vitamin and anti-nutrient compositions using standard analytical procedures in replicated trials. Results of the analysis of variance revealed a significant (p<0.05) effect of accession and poultry manure on some proximate, mineral, vitamin and anti-nutrient contents of Baobab leaves. Accession sourced from Okoloke contained higher carbohydrates and protein while Odo-Ere accession had higher moisture content. Application of 15 t ha-1 of PM increased moisture content. The effect of accession was non-significant (p>0.05) on mineral contents. No application of PM enhanced iron, iodine and zinc concentrations. Vitamins B6, E and carotenoid contents were higher in Okoloke. Application of 30 t ha-1 of PM increased vitamin B6 and carotenoids. Odo-Ere produced higher flavonoids, oxalate and phytate while Okoloke contained higher phenol. Application of 30 t ha-1 of PM increased phenol content. Plants grown without PM and plants treated with 15 t ha-1 of PM topped regarding saponin. Biplot analysis revealed wide variability in nutritional qualities of Baobab leaves in response to the combined effects of accession and poultry manure. The results provided further insight into the utilization potential of leaves of Baobab. Furthermore, the results showed that poultry manure application could have a positive impact on the vitamin, proximate and anti-nutrient contents of Baobab leaves
Formulation and evaluation of ocular drops containing solid dispersion of tobramycin
Get PDFTobramycin is a potent antimicrobial aminoglycoside that can be used to treat ocular infections. Its solubility and bioavailability are limited, so its solid dispersion was prepared using PVP-K30, HPMC and Beta cyclodextrin by solvent evaporation technique. This solid dispersion was formulated as an eye drop using sodium chloride, EDTA and benzalkonium chloride. Totally 9 formulations were prepared. The in-vitro dissolution profile of optimised formulation (F6) showed 85.1% drug release at the end of 2nd hour. The optimized formula was evaluated which showed no microbial growth, and drug content uniformity was 80.12% to 85%. The optimized formulation was evaluated for clarity, pH, isotonicity, microbial growth, stability and in vitro diffusion studies and all these showed acceptable results
Diagnostic techniques for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis: a review
Get PDFInfectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a group of the bovine respiratory disease multifaceted pathogens and a key disease of cattle, leading to significant economic losses to the dairy industry globally. The causative agent of IBR is Bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BoHV-1), which is a member of the genus Varicellovirus in the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, which belongs to the family Herpesviridae, order Herpesvirales. BoHV-1 can be categorized into three subtypes (BoHV-1.1, BoHV-1.2a, and BoHV-1.2b) that belong to one single viral species, which is a serologically indistinguishable strain. Therefore, a more optimal method for the rapid diagnosis of BoHV-1 infection is highly needed. Hence, the objective of this paper is to review the appropriate diagnostic techniques for the IBR virus in infected cattle. In this review, various rapid and confirmatory diagnostic methods used for the diagnosis of BoHV-1 infection were briefly described. BoHV-1 can be routinely detected by virus neutralization tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (indirect or blocking ELISA). IBRgE-ELISA is the most specific serological test for BoHV-1 and is recommended for marker vaccine to differentiate wild infection from vaccination schemes. Furthermore, virus isolation from tissue or swab samples by cell culture and DNA detection with LAMP, PCR, and real-time PCR techniques are all used to detect infected cattle. Direct sequencing of the entire genome using the Sanger sequencing method recently allowed for the differentiation of BoHV-1 subspecies and the distinction of the BoHV-1 field strain from vaccine strains based on single nucleotide polymorphisms. As the gold standard diagnosis for IBR is virus isolation in cell culture, commonly followed by BoHV-1 gene sequencing, it is also recommended