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Enhancement of shoot organogenesis in Polygonum tinctorium by sucrose and gelling agents
Get PDFIndigo (Polygonum tinctorium), though it is a medicinal and dye crop, can also be grown in temperate areas, especially because it is commonly disseminated in Japan. To date, much research has been considered under investigation, especially for the regeneration of the indigo plant. Here in this study, we investigated the response of sucroses and gelling agents on the shoot organogenesis of the indigo plant. Micropropagation in terms of shoot regeneration and its growth was highly responded to sucrose and gelling agents. While culturing of internode explants on initial shoot regeneration media supplemented with sucrose and gelling agents of phytagar and gelrite significantly upgraded the regeneration efficiency as well as shoot growth. The regeneration capacity of the shoot was augmented with increased levels of sucrose up to 40 g L-1 and then started to decrease, whereas the increasing pattern continued even at the highest concentration (50 g L-1). The highest shoot regeneration (6.0 ± 0.5) was achieved by the treatment of 40 g L-1 giving 7.5 times higher shoot regeneration compared to the control. The increasing pattern for shoot length was more pronounced than that of shoot regeneration. The shoot length ranged from 10.2 mm to 23.5 mm within the sucrose treatments. In this study, the highest shoot length (23.5± 0.21) was observed by the treatment of 50 g L-1 exhibiting 2.3 times higher shoot length compared to the control. Gelling agent gelrite performed better than phytagar for both regeneration and shoot length growth. The shoot regeneration among the phytagar treatments ranged from 3.8 to 6.0 shoots/explant whereas the shoot regeneration ranged from 6.6 to 7.2 among the gelrite treatments. The highest shoots/explant (7.2) and the longest shoot length (22.4 mm) were observed due to the treatment of gelrite 3. The lowest shoot regeneration and shoot length were denoted when phytagar 9 was applied. It is proposed from our study that sucrose and gelling agent especially gelrite 3 could be applied in shoot organogenesis and plant transformation of any plant species, especially for P. tinctorium
Effect of culture media and auxin on growth and glucosinolate accumulation in the hairy root cultures of mustard (Brassica juncea)
Get PDFBrassica juncea is a vegatable that are rich in glucosinolate (GSL) content. The hairy root (HR) cultures system is one of the most useful tools for secondary metabolites (SM) biosynthesis under various growth conditions. In the past, GSLs were mostly used as biopesticides in agriculture, anti-nutritional factors in fodder, and flavors in condiments. However, in recent days, GLSs have received much attention in human health. To investigate the growth response and variation of GSLs accumulation, HRs of mustard were grown in different growth media and auxins. The HRs growth pattern varied largely under the treatments of growth media and auxin. The full-strength SH media responded greatly for achieving the highest dry weight (DW) followed by the ½ SH media and the lowest DW was obtained in full-strength MS media. In all the auxin treatments the HRs production was higher than that of the control. It was noted that at higher NAA and IBA concentrations HR production was increased than that at the lower concentrations. In addition, different growth mediums significantly influenced the GSLs accumulation in mustard HR. The results revealed that ½ B5 media showed the highest total GSLs content followed by B5 and ½ SH. Treatment of mustard HRs with auxins such as IAA and IBA negatively influenced the accumulation of GSLs except for 4-methoxyglucobrassicin. We, therefore, suggest that HRs are a viable option for improving the GSLs content from the HR culture of mustard and that SH and ½ B5 medium provides an alternative approach for mass production of HRs and GSLs in mustard, respectively
Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by Malayali tribes in Jawadhu hills of Eastern Ghats, Tamilnadu, India
Get PDFAn ethnobotanical survey was carried out to collect information from the Malayali tribes of Jawadhu hills, Thiruvannamalai district, Tamilnadu, India from August 2016 to July 2017. A total of 63 plant species belonging to 32 families were distributed into 55 genera, which were commonly used by the local Malayali tribes for the treatment of various diseases such as headaches, fevers, asthma, coughs, colds, wounds, snake bites, piles, stomach disorders, skin diseases, gastric ulcers, kidney stones, urinary infection, diabetes, jaundice, inflammation etc. In the present study, Acanthaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Asclepiadaceae are the most dominant families used in the treatment of various ailments. Generally, leaves are used to prepare herbal medicine. The ethnomedicinal plants used by the Malayali tribes were arranged alphabetically followed by botanical name, family, local name, medicinal uses and mode of administration
Characterization of Algerian turmeric and ginger based on their physicochemical, functional and biological properties: Characterisation of Algerian turmeric and ginger
No full textThe purpose of the study was to characterize (physicochemical properties, functional properties, antioxidant contents and biological activities) of two Algerian spices, turmeric and ginger. The results showed the richness of both spices in phytochemicals especially in polyphenols. Compared to ginger, which showed greater affinity for oil, turmeric powder had more affinity for water. In addition, turmeric swelled more (14.17 ml g-1) than ginger powder (8.33 ml g-1). The methanolic extract showed the highest total antioxidant activities of 470.72 ± 3.13 and 228.73 ± 42.19 AAE 100 g-1 for turmeric and ginger respectively. The aqueous extracts didn’t show anticoagulant activity while, the methanolic and acetonic extracts showed anticoagulant activity in a dose – dependent manner. As the butanolic extracts prevented the blood clot from forming, it could be used for medical application in future. Therefore, turmeric and ginger are a rich source of bioactive molecules and have functional and biological properties to be exploited in the food and pharmaceutical industry
Individual and combined effects of beneficial fungal root endophytes Piriformospora indica and Glomus fasciculatum on growth, nutrient uptake and IAA production in small cardamom
Get PDFVariation in phenolic compounds and antioxidant potential in arecanut of different selections and processing methods
Get PDFIntra and interspecific morphological variations of three species of Capsicum (Solanaceae)
Get PDFThe widely cultivated pepper, Capsicum spp., important as a vegetable and spice crop worldwide, is one of the most diverse crops. Considerable morphological variation, especially in fruit shape, color, and size exist in the genus. The present study analysed the intra and interspecific morphological variations of three species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) using thirty nine morphological characters. Morphological variations with respect to vegetative, floral and fruit characteristics were observed among the members of the same species. Morphological data was used to obtain UPGMA derived dendrogram and the cluster analysis indicated genetic divergence among the three species. Present observations imply a great potential for chilli breeding through a hybridization programme or direct use of the varieties for the successful production of promising cultivars
Comparative cytotoxicity of in vitro and field grown shoots of Withania somnifera in Caenorhabditis elegans model
Get PDFIndian ginseng, also known as Withania somnifera, is a popular medicinal plant used as a domestic treatment for a number of age-related illnesses. The field grown WS roots are referred as as a Rasayana (Rejuvenator) medication in the traditional Ayurvedic medicine of India. It has been utilized as the main component in many formulations to help slow down the aging process, manage stress, and be a remarkable neuroprotectant. The quantity and quality of traditionally grown plants, however, provide a considerable hurdle to their use in herbal-based products. The objective of this study was to determine the toxicity of shoots of in vitro developed W. somnifera, in Caenorhabditis elegans model and to compare the toxicological effect with that of plant shoots grown in the field. We found that biosafety is strictly concentration dependent. It was clear from the results that 250 µg/µL of W. somnifera shoot extract exhibited maximum viability for wild type animals. 
Somatic embryogenesis and optimization of regeneration system from immature embryos in maize inbred lines
Get PDFMaize production and productivity is on a sharp decline due to abiotic and abiotic stresses, therefore, an efficient regeneration protocol is an important tool that can contribute to maize improvement and gene-function studies to improve food security for the ever-growing population. The objective of this study was to optimize a regeneration system for CML 444 inbred line with CML 442 maize inbred line used as a reference. Callus was generated by incubation of immature embryos in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with vitamins supplemented with 0 - 4 g L-1 of 2, 4-D hormones, 900 mg L-1 proline, 250 mg L-1casein hydrolysate and 10 mg L-1 of filter sterilized AgNO3, 30 g L-l of sucrose and 3 g L-1 gelrite. Somatic embryo maturation was achieved by transferring 6-week old callus to MS medium with vitamins prepared as previously in callus induction with 60 g L-1 of sucrose and zero plant growth regulators (PGR). Shoot initiation was conducted in MS medium with vitamins supplemented with BAP, NAA at varied concentrations and a 0 mg L-1 control. Plants at a 3-leaf stage that had not rooted were transferred to MS media with vitamins with IBA at a concentration of 0 - 0.3 mg L–l. The 2, 4-D rates were significantly (p≤0.001) different for callus onset and callus induction. The genotype × rate interaction effects showed that 0 and 2 g L-1 2, 4-D had the lowest and highest mean, respectively in both lines during onset and induction of callus. The lines had significant (p≤0.001) effects on shooting induction, however, their means were not significantly different. Similarly, the means for the hormones were not significantly different for shooting induction. The lines, IBA rate and their interaction were significantly (p≤0.05) different for rooting induction. The means for the lines were significantly different for rooting induction in different IBA rates. Conversely, the mean for the IBA rates was significantly different for rooting induction. This study found that plant growth regulators rates during the callus induction stage play a key role during regeneration. This protocol was a success and could provide a fundamental platform for future transformation in this line
The Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and in vitro antioxidant activities measured by the FRAP, ABTS, DPPH and ORAC assays of Sri Lankan black and green tea (Camellia sinensis) infusions
No full textTea is one of the most ancient and popular therapeutic beverages consumed by people all over the world. It is made from the leaves and buds of the plant “Camellia sinensis”. Tea is cultivated in more than thirty countries around the world as a plantation crop. In the present study, thirty tea samples of 20 black and 10 green tea manufactured in Sri Lanka were screened for antioxidant activities. Black tea samples were obtained from the three main geographical regions low (Dust (I), BOPF, BOPI, OPI, Pekoe), mid (Dust (I), Dust, BOPF Local, BOPI, BOP, OPI, Pekoe) and up (Dust, BOPF, BOP, FBOP, FBOPI, OPA, OPI, Pekoe) country of Sri Lanka. Green tea samples are manufactured by two different processing methods; panning (Ceylon GT Chunmee (I), Ceylon GT Chunmee (II), Ceylon GT Fanning’s, Ceylon GT Gun Powder (GP) (Extra Spl), Hyson, OPA green tea Ceylon GT Special Hyson) and steaming (Ceylon Sencha OPA, Ceylon Tencha, Cut Twist Curl (CTC) green tea) were used in the investigation. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities using ABTS, FRAP, DPPH and, ORAC assays were determined for each tea infusion. According to the results, phenolic content was higher in green tea than that of black tea and flavonoid content was lower in green tea than in black tea. Results of all antioxidants assays showed higher values for green tea than black tea. Neither the geographic area from which the samples of black tea came nor the method of preparation of green tea showed any significant differences in the activities. The results of the study have shown that Sri Lankan tea has compounds with antioxidant activities. Therefore, Sri Lankan tea can be used as a therapeutic beverage and a possibility to use the tea for producing antioxidant drugs through extraction and isolation processes