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Combination of composted poultry manure and inorganic fertilizers enhance growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in a rooftop growing system
Full text linkRooftop vegetable productions are becoming an important part of the recent rejuvenation of urban agriculture particularly in densely populated urban areas. However, due to weight limits often associated with rooftop growing systems, rooftop plant growing media including soil, may not contain optimal fertility levels required to maximize plant growth and productivity. Therefore, the success of rooftop vegetable production often depends on proper fertility management schemes to create optimal plant growing conditions. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to investigate combine impacts of composted poultry manure (CPM) and inorganic fertilizers on growth and yield of tomato under rooftop growing conditions. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with eight treatments and three replications. The treatments included T1: Control (no CPM and no NPK), T2: 4 ton CPM ha-1, T3: N55P15K50 kg ha-1, T4: N110P30K100 kg ha-1, T5: N165P45K150 kg ha-1, T6: 4 ton CPM ha-1+ N55P15K50 kg ha-1, T7: 4 ton CPM ha-1+ N110P30K100 kg ha-1, and T8: 4 ton CPM ha-1+N165P45K150 kg ha-1. The results showed that NPK fertilizers alone and CPM combined with NPK fertilizers greatly improved tomato plant growth and fruit yield. However, maximum plant growth and tomato yields (68 t ha-1) and economic benefits (benefit: cost ratio 6.9) were achieved with 4 t ha-1 CPM amendment and 100% recommended doses of NPK fertilizers. Control treatment (T1: -CPM, -NPK) had the lowest tomato yield (6.2 t ha-1). Composted poultry manure alone contributed for around 15.0 t ha-1 tomato yield and supplemented for around 30 kg ha-1 N fertilizer. Combine application of 4 t ha-1 CPM and 100% RDF of NPK fertilizers indicated as the agreeable combination in this study for optimal tomato plant growth and yield under rooftop growing conditions
Cytotoxicity effect and antioxidant potential of 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural (5-HMF) analogues-An advance approach
Full text linkRivea hypocrateriformis (Desr.) Choisy is a profound medicinal belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. Natural products are considered as an alternative source for a positive approach to the drug design and drug discovery. R. hypocrateriformis is becoming the most important natural source to produce diverse phytometabolites with varying biochemical activities. Therefore, in the proposed study, we utilizing R. hypocrateriformis for isolating the 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) and characterized it by different scientifically approved spectroscopic techniques namely 1HNMR, 13C NMR, FTIR and mass spectroscopy respectively. As a part of this study, the synthesis of chemical analogues has been achieved by coupling 5-HMF with quinoline derivatives and it was also studied for their antioxidant and anticancer potentials. The results demonstrated that amongst the test compounds, 3d and 3b have shown significant free radical scavenging assay followed by 3e and 3a with a maximum inhibitory effect, 76.69 %, 75.90 %, 67.60 % and 56.07 % respectively at 50 μg/mL. The anticancer activity studied through SRB assay showed that, compound 3a was effective at low concentration (10 μg/mL) against the Colo-205 cell line. This study demonstrated the applicability of R. hypocrateriformis against the cytotoxicity and antioxidant potential of 5-HMF. It can further be utilized by the researcher and pharmaceutical industry to design a potential drug candidate to treat cellular toxicity
Investigation on the chemical properties of some pomegranate cultivars (Punica granatum L.) grown in the Messaad Algerian arid region under drip irrigation
Full text linkIn Messaad a city, of Algeria central region, under arid climate, pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is one of the main fruit crops in agricultural systems after apricot. To examine the ability of transformation and direct consumption, a chemical analysis study of pomegranate juice was conducted on fruits of three pomegranate cultivars: Khadraye KH1, Hamraye HM1, Senin Alouj SL1 from the drip-irrigated Messaad orchards. A study of chemical properties such as pH, titratable acidity TS, total solids TSS, crude fibers CF of pomegranate seed juices was carried out from the fruits of three cultivars. Descriptive statistics, analyze of variance and Principal Component Analysis based on quantitative parameters are used. The cultivars Senin Aloudj SL1 and Khadraye KH1 of Messaad are characterized as sweet with respectively 1.80 and 1.84% of crude fiber content. The cultivar Hamraye HM1 is qualified sour-sweet to sweet with 2.10% crude fiber rate. The SL1 and KH1 are suitable for the consumption in fresh and can be object of food transformation to which is added the therapeutic and medicinal interest that confers the pomegranate tree whereas the HM1 apart from its consumption can be used as excellence to food transformation in various products. The findings presented in this work justify the interest of germplasm variability not only for it fresh consumption and processing, but also in the broad sense of valorization and preserving phytogenetic resources for agriculture and food locally threatened
Evaluation of biomass yield and seed yield of vetch and oats variety mixtures
Full text linkA different species and varieties of forage vetch and oat were identified to successfully adapt and perform in the highlands of Bale. However, their oat-vetch mixture was not evaluated. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of variety on biomass yield and seed yield of oats and vetch grown in pure stand and mixtures. This experiment was conducted at Sinana Agricultural Research Center, Bale zone, southern Ethiopia, during May 2023. A total of five treatments were developed for sole and mixed stands using two oat varieties and one vetch variety. A trial was arranged in RCBD with five replications. The recorded data are morphological parameters, biomass, tiller, side branch, seedling count and seed yield were calculated and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) following the GLM procedures in SAS version 9.4. The highest dry matter yield (DMY) 18.6 t ha-1 was observed by the mixture of Gebisa variety + oat Bonsa variety. Among the mixture treatments, Gebisa variety + oat Bonsa variety had the highest seed yield (2.9 t ha-1) while the pure stand Bona-bas variety had the seed yield (1.28 t ha-1). The dry matter yield (DMY), of mixtures of Gebisa variety + oat Bonsa variety mixtures was better than pure stands. Based on the current result it is concluded that oat Bonsa variety + Gebisa variety mixtures had relatively higher yield biomass. Generally, in the present study on Oat-vetch mixture, there is higher yield biomass so, Animal performance must be tested
Regulation of cell proliferation and tumor suppressor roles of microRNA 329-3p of the MAP kinase pathway in cervical squamous carcinoma
Full text linkCervical squamous cell carcinoma is observed as the second major cause of mortality worldwide. A highly conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway occurs in a wide range of cellular processes which includes differentiation, proliferation, migration, senescence, and apoptosis. MAPK pathway can be activated by various extracellular signals, capable of generating responses as per the cell type. Thus, alteration of the EGFR receptor in this particular pathway leads to the condition of cancer due to abnormal activation of receptor tyrosine kinases. The characteristic features of microRNA (miRNA) which are endogenous, single-stranded, small non-coding RNA for their role in RNA silencing and post-transitional regulation of gene expression have been studied over the years. The miRNA functions by base pairing with the complementary sequences within the mRNA molecule. One such miRNA, miR-329-3p has a critical tumor suppressor role in the MAPK pathway, however, is least understood. Therefore, miRNA could be considered as a potential biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic purposes and brought out to its fullest use to mankind
Assessment of genetic uniformity in micro propagated plantlets of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) through DNA markers
Full text linkTurmeric is herbaceous plant, characterized by long lance-shaped leaves sprouting from its rhizomatous underground stem. Notably, its rhizomes contain the bioactive compounds curcuminoids, renowned for its medicinal and culinary significance. However, meeting the surging demand for turmeric, particularly during off- seasons, presents a formidable challenge due to the sluggish vegetative propagation rate in Curcuma longa. Given the scarcity of sexual reproduction in turmeric, micropropagation emerges as the convenient method for obtaining disease-free seeds. In addressing the challenge of direct regeneration of the native Erode local cultivar of turmeric, this study endeavors to establish a protocol for in vitro plantlet production. Results indicate that multiple shoots were successfully induced, notably with 13.32 μM of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), yielding a response rate of 73.2±4.7% and an average shoot count of 6.95±0.81 per explant. Subsequently, a concentration of 17.76 μM of BAP demonstrated a response rate of 56.5%±4.7%, with an average shoot count of 5.94±0.81 per explant. Additionally, a combination of 13.32 μM BAP and 2.68 μM Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) resulted in 8.65±0.47 shoots per explant, with a response rate of 73.66±1.25%. Similarly, 13.32 μM BAP combined with 5.37 μM NAA yielded 7.32±0.47 shoots per explant, with a response rate of 72.33±0.47%. The acclimatization of plantlets in a greenhouse exhibited a remarkable survival rate, ranging from 90% to 98%. Importantly, all regenerated plantlets closely resembled the mother plants morphologically. Genetic uniformity assessment, employing 10 ISSR and 4 DAMD markers, indicated more than 90% uniformity among one mother plant and regenerants. This indicates a significant genetic uniformity, ensuring consistency in desired traits across the regenerated plantlets
Anti-inflammatory activity and identification of two ‘Sarpagan’ indole alkaloids from the leaf methanolic extract of Rauvolfia densiflora (Wall.) Benth. ex Hook. f.
Full text linkThe Apocynaceae plant group contains many bioactive compounds that are pharmacologically relevant and are used as potential medicine for many diseases. Rauvolfia densiflora Benth. ex Hook.f. (syn- Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.) Baill.) coming under the same family known for its diverse medicinal properties. The current study was carried out to evaluate the bioactive compounds present in the extract using GC-MS analysis and to find out the anti-inflammatory potential of the extract using in-vitro methods. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 16 bioactive compounds with diverse pharmacological activities. Among them, Oleic Acid, 17-hydroxy-, methyl ester, trans-decahydroquinoline, and Spiro-(1,3-dioxolane-2, 3’-indolin]-2’-one possesses more important properties. Two important sarpagan indole alkaloids were also identified namely Sarpagan-16-carboxylic acid or (Z) Akuammidine and sarpagan-17-ol or Vellosiminol, which are pharmacologically important compounds with anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic activities. The in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity was carried out using the COX assay. COX assay showed 55.27% inhibition at a concentration of 200 μg/mL with an IC50 value of 155.38 μg/mL, this is an indication that the methanolic leaf extract R. densiflora has the potential to be developed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
Potential of Bacillus stercoris B.PNR2 to stimulate growth of rice and waxy corn under atrazine-contaminated soil
Full text linkThe presence of atrazine residue in agricultural soil may affect crop growth and the activity of plant growth-promoting bacteria. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of atrazine contamination on indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production by Bacillus stercoris B.PNR2. Subsequently, the ability of B. stercoris B.PNR2 to stimulate the seedling growth of rice cultivars RD6 and Leum Pua, as well as the waxy corn cultivar Muang Tam, under atrazine contamination, was determined. The results showed that B. stercoris B.PNR2 produced IAA under various atrazine concentrations, and atrazine was not toxic to B. stercoris B.PNR2 cells. Atrazine at 20 mg/kg of soil did not affect the shoot and root dry weight of rice cultivars RD6 and Leum Pua, as well as the waxy corn cultivar Muang Tam grown in atrazine-contaminated soil without receiving a bacterial inoculum. The application of B. stercoris B.PNR2 did not stimulate the germination and growth of any of the plants used in this study. The application of B. stercoris B.PNR2 decreased the shoot and root dry weight of waxy corn grown under atrazine-contaminated soil. Additionally, the chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content in rice cultivar RD6, grown under atrazine-contaminated soil, decreased to only 162.6 ± 4.2 and 616.0 ± 55.8 μg/g fresh weight, which was related to the increase in proline content to 343.6 ± 41.6 μg/g fresh weight. In conclusion, it can be stated that soaking seeds with B. stercoris B.PNR2 was not an appropriate means of inoculation to stimulate the growth of plants in this study
Potential of Chromolaena odorata, Ipomoea carnea and Eichhornia crassipes as green manures on soil fertility index and rice production on vertisols
Full text linkThe organic farming system is an agricultural activity which aims to preserve soil fertility and create sustainable farming. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effects of the application of green manure on soil fertility index and rice production. The research was carried out in Weru District, Sukoharjo Regency, using an experiment method with a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The research included 10 treatments: T0 = Control, T1 = NPK fertilizer 0.2 ton/ha, T2 = rice straw 10 ton/ha, T3 = Chromolaena odorata 10 ton/ha, T4 = Ipomoea carnea 10 ton/ha, T5 = Eichhornia crassipes 10 ton/ha, T6 = NPK 0.1 ton/ha + rice straw 5 ton/ha, T7 = NPK 0.1 ton/ha + C. odorata 5 ton/ha, T8 = NPK 0.1 ton/ha + I. carnea 5 ton/ha, T9 = NPK 0.1 ton/h + E. crassipes 5 ton/ha, with three repetitions. The soil characteristics tested were pH, total N, available P, exchangeable K, exchangeable Ca, exchangeable Mg, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), Base Saturation (BS), and Soil Organic Carbon (SOC). The results show that C. odorata, I. carnea, and E. crassipes have potential as green manures, due to their high N content, of 3.38%, 3.54%, and 2.95% andthe ability to increase soil fertility and rice production. The soil fertility index increased from high to very high, neither within single applications nor combined with NPK fertilizer. The highest rice production was obtained with the use of C. odorata, which increased harvest dry weight by 2.24 ton/ha (67.67%) or an increase of 2.1 ton/ha (75%) in milled dry weight, followed by I. carnea and E. crassipes. There was a correlation between soil fertility index and rice production, shown by the higher SFI, the harvest dry weight and milled dry weight increases
Determination of irrigation requirement for tomato using FAO-CROPWAT model in the Arid Region
Full text linkFood security presents a significant challenge in arid regions, exacerbated by water scarcity due to climate change. Tomato is one of the top agricultural crops around the world, in which it is needed to investigate its irrigation water requirements for each region, especially in the arid regions. This work mainly aims to estimate the irrigation water requirements and irrigation schedules for cultivating tomato in Ras Al Khaimah (RAK), United Arab Emirates (UAE). This would be done by utilizing the FAO-CROPWAT 8.0 Model and CLIMWAT 2.0. The findings of this research support efficient water use by utilizing the advanced modeling tools. The outcomes will inform and enhance irrigation water management practices for farmers, farm owners, and policymakers, contributing significantly to sustainable development goals and the resilience of agricultural systems in water-limited environments