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Wilt disease symptoms in red leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) after inoculated with Trichoderma longibrachiatum
Get PDFTrichoderma is a fungal genus that is widely reported to cause beneficial impacts to crop plants but rarely detriment. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of inoculation of Trichoderma longibrachiatum strain UPMT14 on red leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under growth room conditions. A culture of UPMT14 was grown on potato dextrose broth to produce inoculum. This liquid inoculum was injected through the stem of red leaf lettuce seedlings 22 days old with five replications, and then plant growth progress was monitored for vegetative responses. Red leaf lettuce plants began to exhibit foliar symptoms on day 36, such as chlorosis, wilt, and drying out, before total collapsed on day 45 in comparison to untreated control red leaf lettuce plants. In conclusion, the wilting incidence in red leaf lettuce was observed after T. longibrachiatum inoculation. Further studies are needed in future to understand the pathogenesis of T. longibrachiatum
Comprehensive assessment of phytometabolites and health benefits of Geographical Indication turmeric in India: Phytometabolites and health benefits of G. I. turmeric
No full textThe interest and demand for the Geographical Indication (GI) turmeric have increased significantly in recent years as research unfolds their unique benefits. Still, their comprehensive and comparative metabolite profile remains to be analysed in detail from a nutritional perspective. This investigation reports phytochemical constituents, nutraceuticals, and bioactivities of four GI turmeric (Erode turmeric, Kandhamal haldi, Waigaon turmeric and Sangli turmeric) in India. The results revealed considerable differences in major quality parameters viz., essential oil (4.00-5.60%), oleoresin (8.36-18.12%) and curcuminoids (2.23-5.50%). Among the GIs, Waigaon turmeric was superior in terms of quality parameters and rhizome traits. The Erode turmeric contained significantly high protein (4.64%) and several minerals (K, Ca, Fe and Mg). The IC50 values of DPPH scavenging assays (160.72 – 194.25 μg ml-1) and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays (126.50 – 146.57 μg ml-1) ensured the potent antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of GI turmeric. The GC-MS profile of essential oil unveiled six major compounds such as, ar-turmerone, β-sesquiphellandrene, α-zingiberene, α-curcumene, α-turmerone, and curlone. The brightest yellow colour was observed in Sangli turmeric and dark orange in Waigon turmeric, based on L*, a* and b* values. All the four GI turmeric varieties are good sources of spice for people to consume but Waigaon turmeric was found to be superior among them
Mass media utilization to promote public behavior change during COVID-19 situation: A population survey of Dhaka city
Get PDFA huge amount of information associated with the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was circulated by mass media in Bangladesh. There has been a rare example so far of how media intervention during the epidemic can affect the public behaviour of Bangladesh. We aimed to assess mass media's influence on changing public behaviour during the second wave of COVID-19. An online cross-sectional survey among 416 Bangladeshi respondents was conducted between August and September 2021. Besides descriptive statistics, datasets were analyzed through a set of statistical methods such as Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression model. The results showed that knowledge level change towards COVID-19 (10 items) had the highest association with behaviour change towards COVID-19 (16 items), indicating a high adoption of public behavior change. There was a positive significant relationship between the behaviour change towards COVID-19 (16 items) with the media's role in making awareness regarding COVID-19 (r= 0.342, p < .001), while there was a negative relationship between the behaviour change towards COVID-19 (16 items) of the respondents with age of participants (r= -.234, p < .001). The results also disclosed that knowledge level, media credibility, and media check-in had the largest contribution to influence the public behavior change. We also found that social media was highly used media as expected during the COVID-19 outbreak. The outcomes of the survey have vital implications for public behavior change and may support infectious disease suppression and control. Our outcomes also stress the significance of the reliability of information shared via mass media outlets and practical strategies to counter misinformation during the COVID-19 outbreak
Leaf and fruit characteristics of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth according to agro climatic zones and land use in Southern Mali
Get PDFA study was conducted in southern Mali to characterized Parkia biglobosa populations in the aim to contribute to the domestication of the species. Fields and fallows in the north sudanian, south sudanian and north guinean zones were concerned. Adult trees were marked in plots of 0.25 ha each and leaves and fruits were harvested from each tree for characterization. Petiole and laminar length, number of pairs of pinnae and leaflets, pedicel and pod length, pod wide, pod and seed weight, number of seed per pod were measured. The north guinean zone showed the highest number of pairs of pinnae and leaflets, the longest pods (23.06±9.91 cm in the fields), the highest mean seed weight (3.74±0.96 g in the fields) and the highest mean number of seeds per pod (17 ± 3 seeds in the fields). The South Sudanian zone showed the longest pedicels (3.85±1.08 cm in the fallows), the highest mean laminar length (18.02 cm) and mean petiole length (6.45 cm) in the fields but the same mean number of seeds per pod as for the north Guinean. The north Sudanian zone showed the widest (17.88±7.98 cm in the fields and 18.24±2.11 cm in the fallows) and heaviest (14.87±3.95 g in the fallows) pods. Leaf variables like the number of pairs of pinnae and leaflets seem to be influenced by the climatic gradient. The others leaf, pod and seed variables seem not to be influenced by the climatic gradient. These findings suggest that many leaf and fruit variables are controlled by endogenous factor that could be genetic. However, the manifestation of the endogenous factor seems to be influenced by factors such as environment and management practices
An analytical study of food security indicators for farm households in the coastal area of Syria
Get PDFAs Syria enters its tenth year of crisis, the problem of food insecurity has increased and has become a critical issue at the local and global levels. The aim of this research is to measure the farm households’ food security status in the coastal area, using a set of internationally approved measures, which are the Food Consumption Score (FCS), the Reduced Coping Strategies Index (rCSI), and the Consolidated Approach to Reporting Indicators of Food Security (CARI). The research relied on collected preliminary field data using a questionnaire form during the months of October and November of 2019, the study was conducted on a random sample of 382 farm households distributed between Lattakia and Tartous governorates based on their percentage of the total number of households. The results showed that the food consumption score gave the lowest level of food insecurity among households, followed by the Food Security Index of the Consolidated Approach to Reporting Indicators of Food Security. While the reduced coping Strategies Index gave the highest level of household food insecurity, where the value of these three indicators was 20.6, 21.6, 47.2% respectively. The study recommended the necessity of using multiple indicators to measure the different dimensions of food security, and that the combination of indicators can improve the measurement of food insecurity, as this reduces the false possibilities, whether positive or negative, and the misclassification of households’ food security status
A comparison of the dynamics and carbon stocks in rice fields with different management systems and soil types
Get PDFPaddy fields in Indonesia, on average, have a very low content of organic matter (organic C < 2%). This organic matter’s low content will affect the carbon stock. The management system as well as soil type could affect carbon stock in the soil. This study aims to determine the dynamics and carbon stock in paddy fields with different management systems and soil types. The research was conducted in Karanganyar Regency; Sukoharjo Regency and Klaten Regency. Factors observed include organic, semi-organic, inorganic management systems and soil types (i.e., ultisol, vertisol and inseptisol). Soil sampling was carried out 3-5 days after harvest. Each combination of the management system and soil type was taken with three soil sample points at two depths (0-20 cm and > 20 cm) with three repeats. The parameters hedied include organic C, dissolved organic C, microbial C, pHH2O, total N, CEC, soil texture and bulk density. Soil depth and the interaction of management systems and soil types affect the total organic C. Total organic carbon is highest in vertisol soils with an organic management system (2.59%) and a depth of 0-20 cm (2.24%). Carbon stock (82.62 tons ha-1) in vertisol soils with organic management systems is higher than in vertisol soils with semi-organic and inorganic management systems, with a C stock of 71.19 tons ha-1 and 68.4 tons ha-1
Direct in vitro organogenesis from leaf and internode of Coccinia cordifolia (L.) Cogn.
Get PDFThe current study was carried out to elucidate a reproducible protocol to develop plants directly from leaf and internodes to facilitate the genetic transformation in Coccinia cordifolia (L.) Cogn., a medicinal plant of the cucurbitaceae family. In vitro grown leaf and internodes were used, which were collected for regenerated shoots from field-grown nodal segments that were sterilized by 0.1% HgCl2 treatment for 6 minutes. The nodal segment cultured on BAP, Kn and BAP, NAA combination where 1.5 mg/L BAP solitary supplement and augmented supplement with 0.1 mg/L NAA was most effective as 80% shoots regenerated with 4.0±0.37 and 2.7±0.45 shoots per culture, respectively. Collected leaf and internode responded 90% at 1.5 mg/L BAP + 0.1 mg/L NAA fortified full-strength MS medium. The highest number of shoots also regenerated in the same combination which were 8.1 ± 0.30 and 10.2±0.40, respectively and found internode as the best explant for direct organogenesis. For root induction, half strength of MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L IBA was found most effective. The highest number of roots regenerated per shoot (6.8±0.10) and root length (2.8±0.20). The successful acclimatization of the in vitro (80%) grown plantlets proved the validity of the developed protocol of using biotechnological techniques for improving the plant
The extant ethnomedicines of six different hills of Eastern Ghats, South India
Get PDFThe extant ethnomedicines of the Eastern Ghats of south India were inventoried. The ethnobotanical survey conducted during the months of June to August 2018 in the six different hills of Eastern Ghats divulged a total of 54 (76%) medicinal plants belonging to 34 families being currently used by the herbal practitioners. The comprehensive details on the vernacular name, binomial, family, and plant part(s) used, and type of drug preparation of the ethnomedicines used for the various disease(s) are tabulated. The plant family Fabaceae (with five ethnomedicines) followed by Euphorbiaceae and Solanaceae (four each) were the dominant contributor in the Eastern Ghats. Interestingly, the same families were found contributing in similar pattern (nine and four each) in the literature pertaining to the Eastern Ghats, indicating their heritage and significance. Further, the ethnobotanical survey revealed that the leaves (25%) and paste form (46%) are the predominant plant part and drug type used respectively in the hills. The analysis also revealed the prevalent use of single drug (70%) and their overall depletion (24%) underlining the urgency to conserve them
Effects of copper bioaccumulation on growth and biochemical constituents of the seedlings of Casuarina equisetifolia L.
Get PDFAccumulation of heavy metals in the soil causes a significant impact on the biological processes in the plants. In the present study, the impact of bioaccumulation of copper (Cu) on the growth and biochemical constituents of the seedlings of Casuarina equisetifolia was assessed. The results showed that C. equisetifolia is a hyper-accumulator of Cu. The roots of the C. Equisetifolia significantly accumulated (p< 0.05) greater levels of Cu than stem and leaves. Similarly, the seedlings exposed to different concentrations of Cu showed differential height and collar diameter. The higher concentrations of Cu significantly (p< 0.05) hindered the fresh and dry weights of seedlings. It was noticed that accumulated Cu caused a significant decrease in levels of total carbohydrates, proteins and chlorophyll contents in C. equisetifolia seedlings
Chemical profiles and biological activities of essential oils of Arisaema and Homalomena species (Araceae) – A review
Get PDFIn this review, the chemical compositions and bioactivities of the essential oils isolated from Arisaema and Homalomena species, two large genera belonging to the Araceae family, have been reported for the first time. Accordingly, the essential oils isolated from the plants of two genera consisted of some chemical groups, including monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes, etc. In addition, the essential oils and their major compounds isolated from Arisaema and Homalomena plants possessed biological activities, including antimicrobial, insecticidal, nematicidal, antiproliferative, larvicidal and anthelmintic activities. This review mainly provides information on the Arisaema and Homalomena oils which are able to use as a guide for the collection of the species with the best chemical composition and biological activities