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Purification and partial characterization of a novel lectin from Ruta montana roots
Get PDFLectins are proteins or glycoproteins, which participate in various biological processes. The purpose of this study was to purify new lectin from Ruta montana roots. Lectin of Ruta montana has been purified from roots using ultrafiltration and precipitation with ammonium sulfate followed by gel filtration chromatography whereas protein estimation was done by Bradford’s method. Within sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) analysis, the extract exhibited three bands and one band after purification. The molecular weight of lectin was determined by SDS–PAGE and gel filtration chromatography, which was found to be a monomeric protein of approximately 28.8 kDa. The agglutination activity of Ruta montana lectins was stable within a temperature range from 4 to 50° C for 30 min and the pH range from 4.2 to 9. This study presents a natural source of lectins that can be used in several other studies due to its different biological activities
Facile synthesis and optimization of nickel oxide nanoparticles using Polianthes tuberosa extract and its anticancer activity
Get PDFNiO nanoparticle has been synthesized by a greener method using Polianthes tuberosa plant extract. The nanoparticle was characterized by UV-Visible, FT-IR, XRD and SEM instrumental techniques. The absorption band appeared at 269 nm in UV-Visible spectrum supported the formation of NiO nanoparticles. The IR spectrum analysis showed a broad band at 554 cm-1 characteristics of NiO nanoparticles. From the XRD results, the crystalline size and shape of NiO nanoparticles was determined to be 3.23 nm with a face centered cubic crystal. The NiO nanoparticles has been distributed well. From SEM results, the synthesized NiO sample has particle size between 5 and 11 nm range. The cytotoxic results showed significant activity of the synthesized NiO nanoparticles against MM2 and HeLa cells
Antioxidant attributes of tea in North Bengal, India: Relation with its principal constituents and properties of soil
Get PDFThis study was performed in 18 tea gardens in North Bengal, India, from 2012 to 2017. The data were pooled to investigate the relationship with soil physico-chemical properties, phyto-constituents, antioxidant attributes and age of the tea bushes and principal component analysis (PCA). PCA and dendro-hit maps were also performed with each region. The 28 principal components were chosen based on their eigen values, explaining the total data variance for tea in Dooars, Terai and Darjeeling hill. In almost all cases, composite soil physico-chemical attributes were heavily loaded on the second principal component and clustered, as visual evidenced by the dendro-hit map. Different attributes were significantly correlated each other in case of Terai i.e. (value of “r’’ at P<0.01 level) clay fraction (0.778), electrical conductivity (0.618), N (0.777), S (0.748), P (0.514 ppm), flavour index (0.918), total polyphenol (0.687) DPPH (0.794), nitric oxide (0.913), anti-lipid peroxidation (0.717) and metal chelating (0.665). In Dooars region, attributes were significantly correlated with silt (0.718), pH (0.875), P (0.615 ), chloride (0.858), TP (0.776), flavonol (0.923), quinone (0.666), tannins (0.865), DPPH (0.536), superoxide (0.576), ABTS (0.520) and MC (0.777) and in the case of Darjeeling hills, attributes were highly correlated with clay (0.812), sand (0.818), silt fraction (0.974), K (0.932), S (0.999), MC of soil (0.671), TP (0.853), tannins (0.912), DPPH (0.624), ABTS (0.661) and MC (0.633) repectively
The transition of small-scale coffee farming systems and new pathways for coffee production: A case study in the central highlands of Vietnam
Get PDFThe dynamics of agriculture in general and coffee farming systems need to be investigated to derive insights for policies and interventions to promote sustainable agriculture. Through a systematic approach, including historical and adaptive ones, the study aims to probe the spatial-temporal transition of coffee farming systems. We found evidence for the diverse adaptive capacity of the coffee farming systems in Dak Lak province in their response to various factors. Moreover, an economic comparison was made between coffee farming systems, including mono-coffee farms and coffee-based intercropped ones. The study showed that coffee-based intercropped farms yield higher returns than mono-cropping ones by productivity enhancement, land equity ratio, and gross margin. These findings provided empirical evidence to design appropriate policies for the sustainable development of coffee farming
Evaluation of selected semi-dwarf Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) genotypes for yield and yield related traits
Get PDFTef is the major staple food crop for Ethiopia which is cultivated by more than 6.7 million smallholder farmers. As an indigenous cereal, it is well adapted to diverse climatic and soil conditions; however, its productivity is very low mainly due to susceptibility to lodging. The objective of this study was to identify stable, high yielding and lodging tolerant tef genotypes for moisture stress areas of the country. A total of twenty genotypes including standard and local checks were tested. The field experiment was conducted using a 2m x 2m area with a completely randomized block design at six locations (Debre Zeit, Minjar, Alemtena, Melkassa, Sirinka and Axum) during the 2019 and 2020 main cropping seasons. Data were taken on plot and individual plant basis on eight pheno-agro-morphological characters including days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling period, plant height, panicle length, lodging index, above-ground shoot biomass and grain yield. The combined analysis of variance showed that the mean squares due to genotypes, locations and genotype interactions were highly significant (P<0.01) for the tested eight agronomical and morphological traits evaluated. Based on the current result, 39% of the tested genotypes had a higher yield advantage over the standard check Boset variety. On the other hand, 44% of the genotypes showed higher yields than the local check. Therefore, the promising genotype for lodging tolerance needs further testing in the variety verification trial and those genotypes are used as representative materials to develop varieties, especially for lodging tolerance
Impact of cluster-based technology transfer on profitability of ginger cultivation by small hill farmers of Shivalik region of Haryana: Impact of cluster-based technology transfer in ginger
No full textGinger (Zingiber officinale) is an important commercial crop of Morni hills of Haryana Shivaliks. There was considerable gap between the actual yield and income than the potential indicated by successful growers. In an attempt to bridge this gap by adopting a cluster development approach, 32 ginger growers of a hill village were formed as a common group to implement the recommended package of practices based on soil test analysis and adopted over one bigha (1/12th of hectare) of 32 demonstration plots and one bigha was kept as untreated control with farmers’ normal practice. The beneficiary farmers were provided trainings, exposure visits and interaction with agricultural experts. The average fresh ginger rhizome production in treated plots was 11.19 t ha-1 as against 6.97 t ha-1 in control plots. While 84 percent farmers obtained an yield of 11 to 12 t ha-1, yield recorded by remaining farmers ranged from 7.44 to 9.63 t ha-1 thus indicating scope of further increase in production. The ratio between seed used and rhizome yield was taken as an indicator of yield potential and this was 4.04 in case of treated plots and 2.65 in case of control thus registering overall increase of 52.4 percent. The total gross and net returns were Rs 996678 and 395925 ha-1 and the average cost of cultivation was Rs 600753 ha-1. The overall benefit cost ratio was 1.66. However, in case of control plots, the average gross and net returns were Rs 532800 and Rs 106972 with a benefit cost ratio of 1.22. In the cluster based approach, reduction in input costs and collective marketing resulted in better dividends
Drying kinetics and activation energy for solar drying of ginger slices: Solar drying of ginger
No full textDrying is one of the oldest and most important preservation method for food in which by reducing the water activity the shelf life can be increased. In the present investigation, fresh ginger was pretreated in calcium oxide solution at different concentrations. Solar drying at three temperature levels viz., 55, 65 and 75o C at loading densities of 0.147 g/cm2, 0.176 g/cm2, 0.206 g/cm2 respectively were used for the investigation. Results of study revealed that the total time required for ginger drying in solar dryer curtails with rise in drying air temperature and increased as loading density increased. The activation energy was observed to be 20.45 kJ mol-1, 29.06 kJ mol-1 and 17.6 kJ mol-1 for 0.147 g/cm2, 0.176 g/cm2 and 0.206 g/cm2 loading density respectively. Also, the diffusivity increased with increase in temperature from 45 to 65 oC
Studies on character association and path coefficient for quantitative traits to yield and its attributes in garlic: Character association for quantitative traits to yield in garlic
No full textAssociation between characters and path analysis in seventeen genotypes/lines of garlic (Allium sativum L.) was studied at the Vegetable Research Farm, BUAT, Banda during 2019 and 2020. The pooled data of correlation studies, revealed that gross yield plot-1 had positive and significant correlation with equatorial bulb diameter, weight of 20 bulbs and weight of 50 cloves at genotypic and phenotypic level respectively. This showed that improving these features could improve the crop’s physiological capacity to mobilise and translocate photosynthates to economically valuable organs (the bulb), perhaps increasing bulb yield as seen in the study. Yield was significantly and negatively correlated with bulb shape index, number of cloves bulb-1, and thrips plant-1 at genotypic level. The genotypic path coefficient analysis showed that equatorial bulb diameter and plant height had the highest positive direct effect on bulb yield. Weight of 20 bulbs and collar thickness had negative direct effect on bulb yield. Positive direct effect of equatorial bulb diameter and plant height indicated good scope for improvement in bulb yield by selecting genotypes having bigger bulb along with increased plant height
Evaluation of phytochemical and nutritional composition of Boriavi ginger variety: Evaluation of Boriavi ginger
No full textThe “Boriavi” variety of ginger was evaluated for its phytochemical and nutritional composition. The proximate composition was found to be 86.30 ± 0.11% moisture content (% wet basis), 2.70 ± 0.06% protein content, 0.60 ± 0.01% fat content, 1.30 ± 0.07% fiber content, 1.88 ± 0.02% ash content, and 7.20 ± 0.11% carbohydrate content. The ascorbic acid content was found to be 6.55 ± 0.26 mg per 100g, antioxidant activity was found to be 86.94 ± 0.16% by DPPH method, and total phenolic content was found to be 41.45 ± 0.17 mg GAE per 100ml. The mineral composition in fresh ginger was also evaluated in which phosphorus (10955 ± 2.00 mg kg-1) was found to be the highest among all minerals
Chemical diversity of essential oils of rhizomes of six species of Zingiberaceae family
Get PDFIn this study, the essential oils from the rhizomes of six species belonging to the Zingiberaceae family, including Zingiber zerumbet, Curcuma pierreana, Globba macrocarpa, Alpinia conchigera, Stahlianthus campanulatus and Amomum sp., collected in Binh Chau-Phuoc Buu Nature Reserve were isolated using hydrodistillation, and their constituents were identified via Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. A total of 91 constituents have been identified from essential oils. These compounds were classified into 4 clusters by Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis. The principal constituents of the essential oils isolated from four species, C. pierreana, S. campanulatus, A. conchigera, and Z. zerumbet contained camphene (18.82%), α-copaene (11.75%), p-xylene (21.86%), and α-santalene (17.91%), which were significantly different from those in previous reports. Furthermore, this study revealed the chemical constituents of essential oils of G. macrocarpa and Amomum sp. for the first time. Accordingly, artemisia triene (22.21%), β-pinene (13.57%), 4,6,8-trimethylazulene (11.1%), 2-tert-butylquinoline (9.86%), β-patchoulene (7.06%), α-elemene (6.93%), and β-ocimene (6.0%) were the major compounds in essential oils of G. macrocarpa rhizomes whereas the oil of Amomum sp. was found to be rich in 2-carene (21.82%), fenchyl acetate (14.26%), 3-carene (8.28%), bornyl acetate (7.7%), and D-limonene (7.13%)