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Integrated analysis of Tinospora cordifolia germplasm: Nutritional, qualitative, quantitative, and phytochemical traits: Integrated analysis of Tinospora
No full textTinospora cordifolia, often known as "Guduchi" is a deciduous climber and is considered valuable in terms of its immense medicinal properties. This study evaluated 48 Tinospora cordifolia germplasm accessions collected from Tamil Nadu for their nutritional, qualitative, quantitative, and phytochemical properties. Significant variations were observed among the accessions. TC-22 exhibited the highest phenol content (122.73 mg/g) and flavonoid content (18.84 mg/g), while TC-30 recorded the highest tannin content (234.56 mg/g). TC-20 demonstrated superior protein (13.85%), carbohydrate (86.92 mg/g), and antioxidant activity (261.74%) levels. Additionally, TC-20 displayed elevated potassium (1.45%), calcium (0.35%), and iron (48.74%) levels, with the highest zinc content (15.67 μg/g) among accessions. TC-30 had the highest fat content (8.81%), while TC-22 recorded the maximum cardiac glycosides (2.27%). The study identified TC-35 as having the highest fiber content (13.22%) and energy value (99.66 Kcal/100g). Vitamin C (68.96 mg/100g) and vitamin A (0.44 mg/100g) were most abundant in TC-33. These findings provide valuable insights into the biochemical diversity of T. cordifolia germplasm, highlighting its potential for nutritional and therapeutic applications. Findings unmistakably demonstrated the significance of ecological condition variables in determining the quantitative and qualitative parameters of diverse accessions from the different places of Tamil Nadu
Phytochemical profiling and FTIR analysis of aqueous extracts from three selected ethnomedicinal plants of North East India
Full text linkEthnomedicinal plants have played an important role in natural product research and drug discovery since antiquity. The current study used phytochemical screening and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to analyze the leaves of three ethnomedicinal plants identified in Goalpara area of Assam. The investigation was carried out to characterize the crude extract and identify the functional groups in these plants. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of many secondary plant metabolites in the examined plants, including alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins and phenolic compounds. The FTIR spectroscopy study revealed the existence of several key functional groups. The presence of various functional groups such as C-I stretch, C=O stretch, C-H stretch, and C-N was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. As a result, the current study provides solid support and a foundation for using these plant species as herbal treatments for a variety of diseases. This study confirms that aqueous leaf extracts of Zanthoxylum oxyphyllum Edgew., Rotheca serrata (L.) Steane & Mabb., and Blumea lanceolaria (Roxb.) Druce contains numerous bioactive compounds, in addition to previously reported phytochemicals, which could be utilized in the development of plant-based drugs
Phytochemical evaluation and in vitro antioxidant potential of Cycas circinalis L.
Full text linkCycas circinalis L., a gymnosperm, is traditionally used by tribal people for various medicinal and culinary purposes. This study investigates the phytoconstituents and antioxidant potential of the leaves, bark, and male cone of C. circinalis. Qualitative screening and quantitative analysis were conducted, followed by analysis of antioxidant potential using in vitro assays. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of phenols and flavonoids was carried out to identify active constituents. Various phytoconstituents, including alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, quinones, and sterols, were identified in different extracts. The ethanolic extract of the leaves exhibited the highest total phenolic content (8.169 mg GAE/g), while the male cones showed the highest flavonoid content (2.825 mg QE/g). The bark demonstrated significant radical scavenging activity, particularly in ABTS (IC50 59.44 μg/mL) and DPPH (IC50 358.3 μg/mL) assays. In contrast, the leaves exhibited moderate activity across all assays, and the male cones showed relatively lower antioxidant activity, except in the total antioxidant capacity assay (19.25 mg AAE/g). HPTLC analysis detected gallic acid in the bark, along with several unidentified bands. This study is the first to report presence of gallic acid in the extract of bark of C. circinalis. Given the plant’s traditional use in treating swellings, wounds, and ulcers, along with the presence of diverse secondary metabolites and significant in vitro bioactivity, this study highlights the potential of C. circinalis as a natural antioxidant with promising applications in wound treatment
Identification and uses of spices in Eku market of Ethiope East Local Government area, Delta State, Nigeria: Uses of spices in Delta State of Nigeria
No full textThe research was conducted to identify spices and their uses; sourcing of spices in Eku market. Thirty spices sellers were purposively selected based on the number and quantity of spices sold. Questionnaires were administered to the selected spices sellers to gather information on socio-economic characteristics of spices sellers, uses of spices and sourcing of spices. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data. The result signify that the spices sellers are women, with age bracket of 45-54 years (46.7%) and are married (70%) with primary education (60%). Most of them are native of Eku community (83.3%) and have lived in the community for 41-50 years and above (36.7%). The number per house of the spices sellers are 6-10. Their main occupation is trading with an average income of N 35,000 (US$ 34) derived from the selling of spices per market day. Eleven spices were identified with their local and botanical names. The spices are used mainly as condiments in cooking different delicacies. Forty percent of the spices are used as medicine. Twenty percent are used traditionally in sacrifices and as incense by traditional worshippers. The spices are sourced from different markets within Delta State and from the Western side of the country. The spices and their usage are well known and are important to the peoples’ well being and health
Analysis of inter-varietal hybridization in rice (Oryza sativa L.) indicate transgressive segregation
Full text linkTraits under continuous stabilizing selection may yield transgressive phenotypes in suitable cross combinations. Farmers maintained Njavara (Oryza sativa L. landrace Njavara), a poor yielding medicinal rice landrace in Kerala state over centuries for medicinal applications using short duration (60-70 days) as a selection criterion. This implies that the heading date together with several of the yield related traits, which are co-controlled by pleiotropism, were under constant stabilizing selection in Njavara. We examined the level of transgression in 13 yield related traits in F2 populations raised from crosses between Njavara and a high yielding hybrid variety Jyothi. The cross yielded transgressive phenotype in all of the 13 traits in F2 populations. Difference in the genetic architecture between Njavara and Jyothi due to the difference in the selection pressure experienced by them may have contributed to the excessive transgression observed in the study. The results highlight the value of unattractive poor yielding land races in providing alleles to lift yield barrier in high yielders, and suggest the need to examine the genetic architecture of the trait of interest in parental lines for better genetic advancement in crop improvement programmes
Мicropropagation protocol for Mongolian rare shrub Lycium truncatum Y.C. Wang
Full text linkIn this study, micropropagation protocol for the Mongolian rare shrub Lycium truncatum L. has been developed through axenical seed germination. There are successful micropropagation procedures for some Lycium species; nonetheless, L. truncatum requires both in-vitro and ex-vitro optimization.The 4-week-old sterile seedlings with spontaneous root formation, cultivated in full-strength hormone-free MS media were utilized as initial explants for in vitro culture. The highest shoot proliferation (4.6 shoots/explant) was achieved on Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut medium (DKW) supplemented with 2 mg/L kinetin (KIN) and 0.1 mg/L 1-naphtaleneacetic acid (NAA) combination. The proliferating shoots on the half-strength MS media supplemented with 0.1mg/L NAA displayed robust root formation. The rooted plantlets were acclimated in sterile soil in a pot and cultivated at room temperature for 2-3 months with a high survival rate of more than 90% before transferring to the greenhouse
Bioactive metabolites of Moringa oleifera (Sahjan) with functional activities
Full text linkMoringa oleifera, an arboreal member of the Moringaceae family native to the Indian subcontinent, has emerged recently as a promising source of bioactive metabolites with diverse functional activities. M. oleifera is not only a rich source of protein and many of the trace elements like calcium, iron and Vitamin A and C and the bioactive metabolites present in M. oleifera include flavonoids, alkaloids, glucosinolates, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds. Additionally, the secondary metabolites of M. oleifera, exhibit various therapeutic potentials like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, neuroprotective, and anticancer effects. These findings underscore the importance of further research to fully harness the medicinal potential of these bioactive compounds, emphasizing the need to explore their molecular pathways and synergistic effects
Stakeholders' Perception: Stakeholders’ perception: E-Learning initiatives in school education of Rajasthan state in the course of COVID-19
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic led to increased adoption of e-learning in academic institutions, leading to the adoption of digital learning initiatives in Rajasthan. Projects-like SMILE, ‘Shikshadarshan - Educational T-DD Rajasthan’, ‘Shikshavani - Education via Radio’, ‘Hawamahal- Joyful Saturday program’, and ‘YouTube Rajiv Gandhi Career Portal’ were implemented. This study aimed to understand stakeholders’ perceptions of e-learning initiatives in Rajasthan and the global transformation of the education system. A descriptive survey conducted on 308 stakeholders from five government schools in Dungarpur district. The study reveals that 89% of students in Rajasthan state use smartphones for online classes, using WhatsApp video links, e-Raksha apps, YouTube, and open learning sources like Google. However, students often need help with language problems in content provided through e-learning initiatives, possibly due to the absence of their local language. Teachers are aware of e-learning initiatives but must be fully aware of them. Many teachers believe digital teaching-learning approaches make teaching plans and assessments more complex than face-to-face teaching. Parents and community members agree that their children can adopt e-learning comfortably, but 63% are unsatisfied with e-learning during COVID-19. Most participants agree that face-to-face teaching is better than e-learning and that the focus should be on face-to-face learning. The government should consider local languages for online videos and live programs. The department should include training programs for online learning resources in post-service education and teacher training to implement effective online education
Antigenotoxic potential of the aqueous basidiocarp extracts of Calocybe indica
Full text linkCalocybe indica, commonly known as the milky white mushroom, is an edible mushroom native to India. The antigenotoxic potential of the aqueous basidiocarp extract (25 g/L and 50 g/L) of C. indica was investigated using the Allium cepa test system. Meristematic cells of root tips treated with 100% Coca-Cola served as a positive control. A significant reduction in the mitotic index (7.83 ± 0.60) was observed in the positive control (100% Coca-Cola) compared to the negative control. The highest percentage (65.25 ± 4.58) of chromosomal abnormalities was observed in the positive control. Chromosomal abnormalities were significantly reduced in root tip cells treated with Coca-Cola followed by treatment with basidiocarp extracts such as 25 g/L and 50 g/L (30.32 ± 4.44 and 14.20 ± 2.41, respectively). Coca-Cola induced chromosomal abnormalities were reduced by treatment with basidiocarp extracts, demonstrating the antimutagenic potential of C. indica. The present study indicates that the aqueous basidiocarp extracts of C. indica have anti-genotoxic effects. The clastogenic abnormalities caused by Coca-Cola are competently restored in the root meristem cells of A. cepa treated with the extract
Impact of Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) and Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) for sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) elimination in some remote communities
Full text linkInsecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) and Indoor Residual sprays (IRS) in synergy have been an effective way to drive vector transmissions to low levels. A comparison-based survey for the field efficacy of (IRS+ITN) versus single interventions, IRS or ITN alone compared with control was conducted in the Mbaise Area of Imo State Nigeria. Sticky trap (ST) and Human bait (HB) techniques were used for sandflies collection. Results from the two techniques showed that after intervention, the lowest sandflies proportion were from households that intervened with combined measures (IRS+ITN) when compared with single intervention households (IRS) and (ITN) or control. The percentage reduction (%RI) at the sites that intervened with IRS+ITN as compared to either control site or single interventions was found to be the highest. The study strongly advocates the use of integration vector management for sand fly reduction and subsequent disease transmission especially in our rural areas