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Inorganic phosphorus fractions and phosphorus availability in long term fertilizer cum manurial trials under coconut cultivation
Get PDFPhosphorus is one of the major nutrients required for coconut production. The information about the fate of native and applied phosphorus in soil is essential for better management of the nutrient. The changes on inorganic P fractions and P availability in soil after 43 years of coconut cultivation were studied from a long term fertilizer cum manurial experiment at CPCRI, Kasaragod. There were 6 treatments viz. tillage with organic and inorganic fertilizer, tillage with inorganic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizers with basin forking, tillage alone, herbicide application without tillage and fertilizer and the control. Soil samples were taken at two depths (0-30 and 30-60 cm) from coconut basin for analysis. Phosphorus was fractionated into Easily Soluble P (ES-P), Aluminium P (AI-P), Iron P (Fe-P), Calcium P (Ca-P) and Reductant Soluble P (RS-P) through sequential extraction. The dominant phosphorus fraction in the coconut basin at 0-30 cm depth was Ca-P and the trend is as follows: Ca-P> Fe-P> RS-P>Al-P>ES-P. However, at 30-60 cm depth, Fe-P became the dominant fraction and the trend is Fe-P>Ca-P>RS-P>Al-P>ES-P. Long-term phosphorus fertilization would facilitate the accumulation of soil Ca-P, and thus improve soil P availability. In the interspaces, Fe-P was the dominating fraction in both the depths followed by Ca-P and RS-P. The difference in P fractions in fertilized and non-fertilized plots clearly showed that the fertilized plots have high content of all the inorganic phosphorus fractions in both the depths. Application of mineral P along with forking in basin showed a high concentration of all the inorganic P fractions compared to other fertilizer applied treatments
Effect of growth regulators on the growth and yield of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) under polyhouse condition
No full textThe experiment has been conducted to resolve the poor partitioning of dry matter towards rhizome by using plant growth regulators (PGRs). Therefore, two pot culture experiments were conducted during 2020-22 using the variety IISR Varada to investigate the effects of foliar application of PGRs (6-BAP, cycocel, GA3 and PBZ at five different concentrations viz. control, 50ppm, 100ppm,150ppm and 200ppm in three replications) on growth and yield. The experiment was laid out in Factorial CRD design under polyhouse condition. The results revealed that 6-BAP at 100ppm significantly increased the number of tillers, secondary rhizomes, tertiary rhizomes, length, diameter of rhizomes, and rhizome yield (322.3g/ plant) which is 240% more than the control
Survey and identification of pathogens causing leaf spot disease of arecanut in selected areas of hill zone of Karnataka
No full textArecanut (Areca catechu) is an important plantation crop of India belongs to the family Arecaceae. The arecanut production in Malnad and coastal regions is adversely affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses which causes a drastic reduction in yield. Now a days, among the biotic stresses, leaf spot caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phyllosticta arecae and Pestalotia arecae are becoming more severe. In order to asses the severity of leaf spot diseases an intensive roving survey was carried out during Kharif, 2022 in arecanut growing three taluks of Shivamogga and three taluks of Chikkamagaluru district in Karnataka. Among the six taluks surveyed highest disease severity (81.50 %) caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was recorded in Adagalale village of Sagara taluk and least disease severity (18.50 %) was recorded in Maloor village of Thirthahalli taluk. Highest disease severity (42.20 %) Phyllosticta arecae was recorded in Surakodu village of Sringeri taluk and no disease was recorded in Hilikunji and Nidagodu villages of Hosanagara taluk. Among the six taluks surveyed for leaf spot caused by Pestalotia arecae, highest disease severity (62.50 %) was recorded in Karekumbri village of Thirthahalli. The leaf spot causing pathogens were identified based on symptoms and conidial morphological features as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phyllosticta arecae and Pestalotia arecae
Response of cowpea germplasm to bacterial blight in Uganda
Get PDFCowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp) is a legume crop mainly grown on small scale in low–input farming systems in Uganda. Cowpea bacterial blight (CoBB) disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vignicola (Burkh.) Dye is increasingly becoming a major hindrance to cowpea productivity. Sixty-four cowpea genotypes were evaluated for their response to bacterial blight disease (CoBB). Field experiments were carried out during the first and second rainy seasons using alpha lattice design with three replications. Data on disease incidence and severity, grain yield, days to 50% flowering, number of seeds per pod, pod length, number of peduncles per plant, and number of branches per plant were collected. Disease severity and incidence data was used to determine relative Area Under Disease Progress Curve (rAUDPC). Results showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) among the genotypes for rAUDPC in each season. The rAUDPC across the seasons indicated that genotypes NE 32, WC 32A, WC 26 and NE 44 with rAUDPC values ranging from 0.22 to 0.26 were resistant to CoBB whereas genotypes NE 31 and NE 40 with rAUDPC values 0.44 and 0.46 respectively were susceptible. The rAUDPC did not show any significant correlation with days to 50% flowering, yield and its components. This study suggested that the genotypes NE 32, WC 32A, NE 44, and WC 26 be used as prospective parents in breeding initiatives to develop bacterial blight-resistant varieties due to their high yields and resistance to CoBB
Effect of postharvest application of plant powders on physical quality and shelf life of okra during storage in Makurdi
Get PDFThe effect of postharvest application of plant leaf powders on the physical quality and shelf life of okra fruits during Storage in Makurdi was determined. Moringa and Neem leaf powders were used to coat the okra fruits, which were then kept at room temperature. The experiment was a 2 x 3 factorial combination of treatments, fitted in a completely randomized design, and replicated thrice. Data collected were subjected to Analysis of variance (ANOVA) using GENSTAT statistical package, and Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (F-LSD) at a 5% level of probability to separate the means. Results revealed that plant leaf powders of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Moringa oleifera have the ability to enhance the shelf life and maintain the physicochemical quality of okra fruits under storage. These powders also have the potential to be antifungal. Among the okra varieties studied, Clemson spineless gave better physical quality as compared to stubby okra thus the shelf life during storage. Treated okra shelf life extended to day 15 whereas the untreated fruits ranged from 1 - 7 days. These botanicals offer alternatives for maintaining crop management and postharvest physiology in addition to being safe for consumers, inexpensive, easy to create, and easy to apply formulations. It is therefore recommended the use of plant leaf powders particularly M. oleifera for the storage of okra fruits in Makurdi
Effect of micron (micronutrients) fertilizer on the growth and yield of Wheat variety Sarsabz
Get PDFThe Department of Chemistry Soil Section Agriculture Research Institute, Tando Jam, conducted an examination in order to find out how micron (micronutrient) fertilizer affected the growth and yield of the wheat variety Sarsabz. Three replicates of a Randomized Complete Block Design were used to investigate the effects of micron (micronutrients) fertilizer utilized at rates of 0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1 having a plot size of 46 m x 44 m. The results of the study revealed that applying micronutrient fertilizer to crops significantly altered the crop’s parameters. The application of Micron (micronutrients) fertilizer applied at a rate of 150 kg ha-1, with proposed N (168) and P (84) doses, resulting in the maximum wheat plant height (101.73), more tillers plant-1 (9.73), spike length (13.7), more grain spike-1 (51.66), heavier seeds (39.3), and higher grain yield (3453.3 kg ha-1). Therefore the micro nutrient is essential for achieving maximum yield production and should be applied with recommended doses on the wheat crop, performed better results in soil conditions of Tando Jam
Analytic study on strengthening the Future Education competencies in Korea
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to devise and present an educational model to strengthen pre-service elementary school teachers’ future competencies based on the effects of existing core competency education. For this purpose, a literature study was conducted to examine the concepts and directions of future education and core competencies, core values, teaching and learning models and instructional design principles, components and instructional design procedures, and major characteristics of the 2015 revised curriculum of Korea. After the second expert validation of the developed draft was conducted, it was revised and supplemented to complete the final model of the education model for fostering future education capabilities. Based on the future education competencies obtained through literature research and the Delphi survey, a survey was conducted on professors, in-service elementary school teachers, and pre-service teachers to present the final future core competencies. Specifically, in order to find a framework suitable for the needs and competencies of instructors, previous research cases in and outside of Korea were analyzed, and surveys were conducted with pre-service and in-service teachers, and analyzed. Through this, the focus was on presenting specific methods for the expression of future teaching capabilities as instructors and providing an efficient roadmap to keep up with the overall trend of the education field according to the needs of the times
Diversity of fungal endophytes at different maturity levels of Cryptolepis buchanani leaves
Get PDFA study on endophytic microflora diversity at each level and portion of the leaves of Cryptolepis buchanani, a medicinal plant used by tribals of Madhya Pradesh, India was carried out in the present investigation. As many as 383 isolates from 360 discs of leaves belonging to 17 fungal species and 9 isolates, which did not show any sporulation (sterile), were recovered. Among the 17 identified species, hyphomycetes is the dominant class and Aspergillus, Colletotrichum and Khuskia are the dominant genera. Colonization frequency (CF) was higher in mature leaves (78.3%) and comparatively lower in younger leaves (51.1%) and there was a marginal decrease in CF from the base of the leaf (66.7%) towards the leaf apex (62%). Statistical analysis revealed that level of the leaf had a significant effect on CF and diversity of fungal endophytes, while as leaf sub-parts had little influence. Biochemical characterization of the endophyte revealed the production of various enzymes viz. protease, amylase, lipase, cellulase, xylanase and pectinase. These fungal enzymes can be tapped for food, pharma, beverages, textiles, confectionaries, and leather industries. These bioactive natural products are easy to process as they are usually more stable than products obtained from other sources. The enzymatic activities also help to get a better insight into the host-endophyte relationship. However, the world of fungal endophytes needs to be researched extensively for production of plant based novel eco-friendly biomolecules in cost-effective manner
A concise study on the floral biology of Thevetia peruviana morphovariants
Get PDFThevetia peruviana, an ornamental medicinal plant of the family Apocynaceae blooms in different colour shades of yellow, orange and white, and is considered morphological replicas of its original parental type. A concise morpho-anatomical study has been carried out on the floral biology of these three morphovariants emphasizing biometrics of various floral parts, the architecture of corolla tube and corolline corona, adnation of anther stigmatic head complex and ovule to embryo formation, using the hand as well as microtome sections, to analyze the similarities and differences among these specimens. Appendiculate and smooth walled hairs in corolla tube, germination of pollen grains in a lateral stigmatic notch, appression of anther lobes on 10-lobed incompletely fused stigma, triaperturate pollen grains, ovule developmental stages, entry of pollen tube into ovule, attachment of funicle on placenta etc are some of the enchanting valuable scientific observations under light microscopy. Gross morphological variations noted in the overall size of various floral parts are regarded as negligible ones, which may happen due to environmental factors. Floral morphology alone is insufficient to give distinct varietal status in the hierarchy of classification, but corolla shades, of course, are of prime importance for phenotypic differentiation, and a multidisciplinary approach will help to expose untapped characters, useful for future studies below the rank at the subspecies level
Diversity, distribution and seasonal variation of seaweeds in Southwest coast of Peninsular India
Get PDFSix different research locations around the southwest coasts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala were used for the current investigations on the diversity, distribution, and seasonal fluctuation of seaweeds (India). A total of 73 Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta and Rhodophyta were recorded under 23 families and 38 genera. The study site Rasthakaadu (53) was with the maximum number of seaweeds followed by Kanniyakumari (51). Out of six study sites, four study sites (Rasthakaadu, Kanniyakumari, Muttom, Kurumpanai) were dominant with Rhodophyta in contrast to the other two study sites (Vallavilai, Vizhinjam) in which Chlorophyta was dominant. Chlorophyta such as Chaetomorpha antannina, C. indica, C. media, Ulva fasciata, U. lactuca, brown seaweeds Sargassum ilicifolium and red seaweed Gracilariopsis longissima were commonly seen in the study area. Chaetomorpha indica (Chlorophyceae) was recorded as the most dominant species in season I, whereas Sargassum ilicifolium (Phaeophyaceae) was considered as the most dominant seaweed taxon in seasons II and III. The seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters of seawater had much influence on the growth of seaweeds. Comparing the eastern Coromandel Coast of peninsular India to the western Malabar Coast, it has been found from the current study that the eastern Coromandel Coast was rich in seaweed. Moreover, the study shows that the topography and seasonal change of the physicochemical characteristics of seawater at a given site were the key determinants of seaweed richness. Anthropogenic activities, like Nuclear power plants (Koodankulam), sand mining, construction works, dumping of plastics etc., also affected the potential growth of seaweeds thereby reducing the sustainability of the natural resource