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Artificial intelligence applications in disease diagnosis and treatment: recent progress and outlook
Get PDFThe use of computers and other technologies to replicate human-like intelligent behaviour and critical thinking is known as artificial intelligence (AI).The development of AI-assisted applications and big data research has accelerated as a result of the rapid advancements in computing power, sensor technology, and platform accessibility that have accompanied advances in artificial intelligence. AI models and algorithms for planning and diagnosing endodontic procedures. The search engine evaluated information on artificial intelligence (AI) and its function in the field of endodontics, and it also incorporated databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct with the search criterion of original research articles published in English. Online appointment scheduling, online check-in at medical facilities, digitization of medical records, reminder calls for follow-up appointments and immunisation dates for children and pregnant women, as well as drug dosage algorithms and adverse effect warnings when prescribing multidrug combinations, are just a few of the tasks that already use artificial intelligence. Data from the review supported the conclusion that AI can play a significant role in endodontics, including the identification of apical lesions, classification and numbering of teeth, detection of dental caries, periodontitis, and periapical disease, diagnosis of various dental problems, aiding dentists in making referrals, and helping them develop more precise treatment plans for dental disorders. Although artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to drastically alter how medicine is practised in ways that were previously unthinkable, many of its practical applications are still in their infancy and need additional research and development. Over the past ten years, artificial intelligence in ophthalmology has grown significantly and will continue to do so as imaging techniques and data processing algorithms improve
Nutritional composition and antioxidant capacity of Urtica hyperborea: A phytofood of Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh, India
Get PDFUrtica hyperborea Jacquem. ex Wedd., a perennial plant of Urticaceae family is considered as a wild vegetable in the mountainous region of Ladakh. Due to its application in many forms of traditional culinary in every household during the harsh winter season, the plant ensures the food security. However, the nutritional composition and phytochemical analysis of U. hyperborea responsible for these beneficial features have not been explored widely. The present study aims to determine the nutritional composition (e.g., macromolecules, pigments, minerals, phenolics and flavonoid contents), antioxidant activity and the phytochemical analysis of this plant species present in Ladakh, India. The radical scavenging and antioxidant potential of the plant were evaluated by assays like 2,2‒diphenyl‒1‒picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl (ºOH), and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) for different extracts prepared in water, methanol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether. Macromolecules such as protein, carbohydrate, total phenolic and flavonoid contents in U. hyperborea were found to be 62.28±6.67, 170.80±3.98, 24.47±0.39 and 5.43±0.97 mg g-1, respectively. Similarly, dried powder of U. hyperborea was found to be rich in different mineral contents such as potassium, magnesium, sodium, manganese, zinc and iron. Among the various solvents used for exploring scavenging and antioxidant potential, aqueous extracts showed highest activity with 79.2% in DPPH assay as compared to other extracts. Similar trend was observed for other assays where aqueous extracts exhibited higher activity followed by methanolic, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extracts. Significant positive linear correlations were observed between the radical scavenging/antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts and their content of phenolic/flavonoid compounds. The identification of phenolic compounds such as coumarin, quercetin, and ferulic acid confirm the antioxidative nature of the plant. Overall, rich macromolecule and mineral contents, as well as higher radical scavenging/antioxidant activities in aqueous extracts of U. hyperborea revealed that the plant has significant potential to be utilized as a phytofood source in harsh environmental conditions
Influence of cytokinins and yeast extract on growth and flavone production in hairy root cultures of Scutellaria baicalensis
Get PDFHairy roots produce various bioactive chemical compounds than wild-type roots which offer a promising in vitro approach for synthesizing important nutraceutical compounds. The purpose of this study is to increase the production of flavone compounds in hairy root cultures of Scutellaria baicalensis by the addition of elicitors such as cytokinins and yeast extract. Cytokinins such as kinetin (KIN), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and Thidiazuron (TDZ) were utilized at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L, whereas for yeast extract treatment 50, 100, and 150 mg/L concentrations were added to the ½ SH medium. Effects of elicitors were measured in terms of dry biomass and flavone contents (baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest dry weight was achieved in the control hairy root than that of all cytokinins-treated hairy root cultures. In all the cytokinin-treated hairy root cultures, as the concentration increased the dry weight of the hairy root decreased. In contrast, in all the yeast extract-treated hairy root cultures as the concentration increases the dry weight of the hairy root increased, whereas the highest dry weight was achieved in 150 mg/L of yeast extract. Moving to the flavone content, baicalin was detected highest content in all the hairy root cultures supplied with cytokinin and yeast extract. The highest total flavone content was achieved in the hairy root culture treated with 1.0 mg/L of TDZ and 50 mg/L of yeast extract. This result might help the commercial agronomic sector by facilitating the in vitro mass production of nutraceuticals using S. baicalensis hairy root cultures
Growth and yield performance of Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica) under different doses of nitrogen fertilizer
Get PDFAn experiment was carried out at a farmer’s field in Nowpara village, Trishal upazila, Mymensingh from 3rd May 2023 to 15th September 2023 to find out the effects of nitrogen (urea) fertilizers on the growth and yield performance of sponge gourd. The field experiment was arranged using a randomized complete block design with local variety Fujian F1 with four treatments and three replications viz. (Urea) T1: Control (0 kg N/ha), T2: 25 kg N/ha, T3: 50 kg/ha, T4: 75 kg N/ha were used for the present study with three replications. In treatment T4, the tallest sponge gourd plant was 123.5 cm, while in treatment T3, it measured 112.5 cm. For treatment T1, the smallest plant measured 61.33 cm. In terms of leaf numbers, treatment T4 had the greatest number of leaves 63 while treatment T1 had the lowest number of leaves 30. The highest diameter of the leaf measured was 13.05 cm in T4 and the lowest diameter found was 6.8 cm in T1. Out of the four treatments, treatment T4 had the tallest leaves, measuring 12.73 cm, followed by treatment T3, which had leaves measuring 9.7 cm. In T1 and T2, the smallest leaf lengths were found to be 6.7 and 7.8 cm, respectively. The tallest length of the petiole found was 7.8 cm in T4 and the smallest length of the petiole recorded was 5.5 cm for the treatment T1. The longest fruit measured from T4 was 28.33 cm, while the tiniest fruit came from T1 and measured 18.6 cm. The treatment T4 had the highest fruit weight, measuring 227 g, while treatment T3 had a weight of 176 g. The minimum weight was 93 g found in T1. Treatment T2 has shown the weight of the fruit those were 134 g
The Medicinal plants and their economic value in Kakamega Forest Ecosystem: A case study of sustainable land/forest project in Western Kenya
No full textForest Management of ecosystems plays a fundamental role in providing essential goods and services to rural communities. However, there has been a reduction in the natural forest cover due to resource utilization pressure. The pressure on forest resources is catalyzed by the expansion of markets for forest products, agricultural expansion and escalating poverty levels. An upsurge in the number of users of herbal medicine in urban and rural areas has increased the pressure on the forests, while modernization and change in lifestyle have led to the loss of traditional knowledge associated with medicinal plants utilization and conservation. No detailed economic evaluation of medicinal plants has been undertaken and the current illegal, unregulated and unreported exploitation of medicinal plants has led to overexploitation and loss of biodiversity. A better understanding of the abundance, distribution, uses and economic value of medicinal plants is important for the sustainable exploitation and conservation of forests. The study covered four forest blocks of Kakamega, North Nandi, South Nandi and Kibiri to determine plant species diversity, and their distribution in the disturbed and undisturbed areas of the forest; assess knowledge, utilization and economic estimate by willingness to-pay approach of medicinal plants to communities adjacent to the Kakamega Forest. Value chain analysis had been conducted for medicinal plants and forest user groups from Community Forest Association (CFA) had been trained in product development and access market were used in the study. Experimental Plot techniques were also used to gather ecological data on the frequency, density, diversity and distribution of the plants, whereas key informant interviews, focus group discussions and household interviews were utilized to gather information on ethnobotanical knowledge and household socioeconomic data. Thirty-two key species of medicinal plants were identified and used by local people around the Kakamega forest ecosystem. Forty-seven percent (47%) of these were trees, thirty four percent (34%) were shrubs, sixteen percent (16%) were herbs and climbers three percent (3%). Seventy percent (70%) of the medicinal plants were within the forest and thirty percent (30%) were outside the forest. The three most dominant families were Euphorbiaceae, Piperaceae and Fabaceae with leaves as the most common plant part used constituting 31 % (n=26) of the preparations, followed by roots with 20% (n=17),bark with 14% (n=14), fruits with 11 % (n=9), seeds having 11% (n=9), flowers 2% (n=2) and sap 2 % (n=3). The economic benefits generated from the medicinal plants within the forest ecosystem services in the Kakamega-Nandi landscape in terms of direct use value was about KES 601,918,256 (≈USD 5.19 million) per year, while indirect use value was KES 317,288,046 (≈USD 2.74 million) per year. Indigenous knowledge of the medicinal uses of the plants, their commercial aspects and distribution trends in the forest provision of wide scope for understanding relevant market systems may be tapped for decision support in rural health service planning, policy formulation for conserving the forest, tracking and mitigation of climate change impacts
A review on larvicidal and repellent effects of Brassica nigra towards malaria mosquito
Get PDFThe efficacy of synthetic insecticides to control malaria vectors is compromised by increased mosquito resistance to insecticides.Furthermore, the use of inorganic insecticides raises serious environmental toxicity concerns. It is hoped that this review wouldincorporate plant-based control tools in modern malaria vector control at the community level. Therefore the use of syntheticinsecticides is the challenge faced for malaria vector control because of the resistance of mosquitoes and their toxicity to theenvironment. Medicinal plants used like Brassica nigra in traditional medicine are promising and largely unexplored sources for thedevelopment of potential new compounds particularly in plant-rich countries like Ethopia
Diversity and distribution of vetiver grass (Chrysopogan zizanioides (L) Roberty) and its manifold uses: A review: Diversity & uses of vetiver grass
No full textDuring the last few decades essential oils derived from different herbs and aromatic plants have received a growing focus of scientific investigation due to their multifunctional uses beyond their traditional roles as food additives and scents. Over 3000 species have been identified as medicinal plants that produce essential oils. Vetiver grass has wide range of diversity throughout the world with diverse genotype variability. It has multifarious uses in various agricultural, medicinal, aromatic, engineering, conservational and in industrial sector. The C. zizanioides is well known in various regions of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and West Africa. Vetiver roots, particularly those from Karnataka, have been utilised to make herbal drinks that are energising to combat tiredness. The vetiver grass, referred as "vetiver" or "vetiver–vetiver" in India, serves a variety of purposes in aromatic, pharmaceuticals, food, and beverage industries. This paper presents a review of the diversity & distribution of this crop along with its various uses and applications
Effect of seed pelleting on yield and storage quality in Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill): Seed pelleting in fennel
No full textThe current investigation on the effect of seed pelleting on germination, plant establishment and seed yield in fennel was carried out in two seasons during Rabi 2017 and 2018. The experiment consisted of 17 seed pelleting treatments along with the control. Field emergence (93.1 %), umbels per plant (26.61) and seed yield (1376 kg ha-1) were highest in seeds pelleted with Lignite +Azospirillum and higher number of seeds per plant (397) was obtained in Lignite+Gum Arabic, whereas, days to 50 % field emergence, plant height and test weight showed non-significant differences among the treatments. Lignite + gum Arabic pelleting recorded maximum seed germination (65 %) at the end of six months storage period. In general, seeds pelleted with Lignite and coated with Azospirillum showed better performance both in terms of yield and storability
Exploring the therapeutic potential of volatile bioactive compounds from different parts of Tinospora cordifolia: a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) study: Therapeutic potential of bioactive compounds from Tinospora
No full textChemicals utilised in the pharmaceutical business can be found in large quantities in medicinal plants. Crude plant herbal extracts are frequently utilised because they combine a variety of secondary metabolites or phytochemical elements with significant therapeutic potential. The main objective of this research was to identify the medicinally significant phytoconstituents from different economic parts of Tinospora cordifolia employing GC-MS. The stem, leaf, and root, respectively, had a total of 93, 74, and 53 peaks, which translates to a sizable number of phytocompounds with therapeutic value. Our results show that oleic acid, columbin, 10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid, 9- octadecenoic acid (Z), 2, 3 - dihydroxypropyl ester, n-hexadecanoic acid, and 9,12,15-octadeca trieno were found in various parts of T. cordifolia. The results provide credence to the use of Tinospora cordifolia in conventional medical practice for a range of ailments
Identification of drought tolerant turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) genotypes with sustainable yield: Identification of drought tolerant turmeric genotypes
No full textTurmeric (Curcuma longa L.) (Zingiberaceae), is native to south west India. Water stress is the most common adverse environmental condition which severely affects crop productivity. Here we have analysed morphology, stomatal density, relative water content, electrolyte leakage, epicuticular wax content and rhizome yield of 50 elite turmeric genotypes for identification of genotypes with differential response (tolerance and susceptibility) to water stress. Results showed that water stress during rhizome development stage (90-120 days after planting) significantly decreased the leaf relative water content and increased membrane permeability. Epicuticular wax content varied significantly among the genotypes. Genotypes with lower leaf area, higher relative water content, lesser electrolyte leakage, higher wax content and fewer stomata than other genotypes were shortlisted as tolerant. From among these shortlisted ones, four tolerant genotypes (IISR Pragati, SL 5, Suguna, and Suvarna) with higher yield, along with two susceptible genotypes (IISR Alleppey Supreme and IISR Kedaram), were further evaluated in field conditions. The results indicated that, in terms of yield and physiological parameters, the tolerant genotypes significantly outperformed the susceptible ones, showcasing superior drought tolerance traits. These genotypes with contrasting characters can be used for further studies to elucidate the mechanism of drought tolerance