European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (ES)
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An Expanded Spacing Advantage over Equal Spacing on Grammar Learning
Full text linkSpacing effect is a robust phenomenon especially in cognitive psychology. Many studies proved that there was spacing effect in L2 words learning, but there are sparse studies about whether spacing effect, especially expanded spacing advantage, can be generalized to L2 grammar learning. The present study aims to examine spacing effect on L2 grammar learning. Ninety-seven subjects studied 3 tenses within one week in 3 groups. Group one studied 3 tenses in only one learning episode, namely massed group; group two on day 1, day 2, day 4 and day 7 (1-2-3), namely expanded spacing; group three on day 1, day 3 day 5 and day 7 (2-2-2), namely equal spacing. Results showed that there was spacing effect on L2 grammar learning; expanded spacing had an advantage over equal spacing not only in short-term memory but also in long-term memory. In other words, spacing effect, especially expanded spacing advantage in words learning, can be generalized to L2 grammar learning. Therefore, it is suggested that teachers teach students L2 grammar in an expanded schedule
Cross-Cultural Translation Studies in the Context of Artificial Intelligence: Challenges and Response
Full text linkThe rapid development in Artificial Intelligence translation could be one of the remarkable developments in the 21st century. The ongoing studies in Natural Language Processing and the prevalence of AI translation in various industries have expanded communication reach, which is evidence that the world is in a state of convergence. It can be a subject of interest if AI translation can cause setbacks on translation studies, a multi-subject discipline with established theories, principles, issues, and trends that continue to mark its relevance even in an era that is proliferated by technology
Entrepreneurs’ Perspective in Coping with the New Normal: Basis for Business Model Development
Full text linkThis descriptive quantitative study was conducted to determine the entrepreneurs’ perspective in coping with the new normal using weighted and average mean as statistical tools in analyzing the data. Findings revealed that the 22 restaurant owners had experienced challenges or business gaps in the new normal situation, which centered on the administrative, production, and financial aspects. Whereas, respondents' perspectives on the opportunity in the new normal situation are on working in flexibility, creating a more responsive business environment, and creating new needs as a break in restaurant business operations. To support the plight of the restaurant entrepreneurs, a business model named 3Ms Strategic Innovation Business Model is developed to reinvent and redesign its corporate strategies in response to the new normal situation. The study concluded that restaurant entrepreneurs in the province of Camarines Norte, Philippines need to adopt a business model suited to the new normal context in order to promote business growth, create competitive advantage, and generate value for their business, its customers, and other stakeholders, making them more empowered individuals in dealing with this crisis
Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Lam. against Wound-Infecting Pathogens
Full text linkWound infections caused by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms are widely recognized as a major public health concern, particularly in developing countries. To combat antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, it is critical to develop new antimicrobial agents. Local medicinal plants are viewed as potential candidates for the treatment of microbial infections. Thus, the purpose of this study is to determine the antimicrobial activity of Tabernaemontana pandacaqui Lam. leaves against wound-infecting pathogens. The biologically active constituents of the plant were identified using qualitative phytochemical screening and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis of the crude extract. The study's findings indicated that T. pandacaqui leaf extract was antimicrobial against a variety of pathogens tested. The highest zone of inhibition was observed against the pathogenic fungus Candida tropicalis at a mean value of 17.73 ± 2.42 mm, followed by Staphylococcus aureus at a mean value of 14.73 ± 3.17 mm. However, leaf extracts had no inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and metallo-beta-lactamase Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MβL- P.aeruginosa). The bioactivity of leaf extracts is attributed to the active constituents contained within. The results indicated a statistically significant difference in the leaf extract's efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus (p=0.007) and Candida tropicalis (p=0.008). The current findings indicate that T. pandacaqui leaf extracts have antimicrobial activity against wound-infecting pathogens. Additional research is needed to determine the antimicrobial potential of the crude extracts against other infectious agents
A Case Study on Assessing Opportunities and Challenges of Students with Low Vision in Special Classes at Tabor General Primary School, South Gondar, Ethiopia
Full text linkThe study was aimed at assessing the opportunities and challenges of students with low vision (SWLV) in Tabor General primary and special need school of Debretabor town, south Gondar, Ethiopia. A qualitative case study research design was used to carry out this study. The total number of participants involved is 28, of which 12 were SWLV, 10 teachers, 4 parents and 2 principals. Teachers, SWLV, and parents were selected using purposive sampling method. Comprehensive sampling was also used to select principals. Interview, FGD and observation were employed to collect data, which were analyzed using thematic data analysis technique. The results of the study showed that most of SWLV were happy with getting a chance to attend their education. They get extra time during examination; get motivation and advice from principals, though it was not enough. Students’ skill in Braille writing and reading was good. The challenges SWLV faced were found out to be lack of assistive technology, absence of resource room, absence of visual interpreter. Teachers were not using student-centered teaching method very well and didn’t implement IEP. The most difficult subject for SWLV was reported to be Mathematics. SWLV were not involved in co-curricular activities. Finally, recommendations were put forward based the findings of the study
Attitude of School Community towards the Use of Sign Language for Instructional Purpose in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Full text linkThis study is conducted in order to assess the attitude of school community towards the use of sign language for instructional purpose in Bahir Dar town in the case of Yekatit 23 and Donaber primary school. The study used descriptive survey as a research design to explain the current trends existing in the study area. As to the samples considered for the study, because there are only two schools it appeared manageable to take them as they are. In regards to participants of the study eighty seven participants, namely 4 from the school's principals, 7 from the professional teachers in special needs, 23 regular class teachers, 13 students with hearing impairments, and 44 students without hearing impairments were involved as sample participants. With regard to data gathering instrument, questionnaire, structured interview and observation were used to collect data from the participants. The finding shows that even though teachers have positive attitude to use sign language for media of instruction, they faced many challenges and the major barriers in teachings students with hearing impairments are lack of sign language skill, lack of appropriate training and lack knowledge and experience about teaching in integrated classes
A Study on Area, Production and Productivity of Sesame in Kallakurichi District of Tamil Nadu – Trend Analysis
Full text linkSesame is a major edible oilseed crop in India and Tamilnadu ranked sixth in area and production among the states. The current research examines the area, production and productivity of sesame in the state of Tamilnadu and the Kallakurichi district with the following specific objectives: i) To examine the trends in the area, production and productivity of sesame in the Tamilnadu state and Kallakurichi district and ii) To offer policy suggestions based on the results of the study. The Season and Crop Report of Tamilnadu over the years served as the source for secondary data. From the collected data, Trend analysis were done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The result of the study indicated that in the Tamilnadu state, the productivity of the sesame crop (CAGR: 1.9 per cent) has increased and in the kallakurichi district, both the production (CAGR: 4.2 per cent) and productivity (CAGR: 3.8 per cent) have increased over the past twenty years. There has been a significant decrease in both area (CAGR: -3.2 per cent) and production (CAGR: -1.4 per cent) in Tamilnadu and area (CAGR: -0.5 per cent) in the Kallakurichi district. Even though the productivity of the sesame crop has increased significantly in both the Tamilnadu state and Kallakurichi district, the area of sesame cultivation has not increased by farmers due to production and marketing constraints faced by them. The Agricultural Department and State and Central Government may provide institutional support for solving their constraints will have a long-term benefit for sesame farmers
Internalization of Moral Character Values through the Role of Dalihan natolu (Case Study on Manyonggot-Manyonggoti Tradition of the Angkola Batak Tradition)
Full text linkThe Indonesian government emphasizes that customary and cultural values must not be abandoned in carrying out every aspect of the life of the nation and state. However many young people seem to stutter about their own nation's culture and even local wisdom values are increasingly being eroded by global changes that have penetrated the world. Therefore, re-discovering local values to be used as a model of value education is urgent. This study aims to describe the internalization of local wisdom values through the role of dalihan natolu in the manyonggot-nyonggoti tradition which is character education for pregnant women. The method used is a qualitative approach with a qualitative-phenomenological approach paradigm, namely describing the meaning of the informant's life related to concepts or phenomena carried out in natural settings. Therefore, researchers interact closely with research subjects to find the meaning of information and social settings extracted from informants. The informants of this research consisted of Mora, Kahanggi, Anak Boru, and traditional leaders. The results showed that the manyonggot-nyonggoti tradition contains very good character values to be explored and used as a model for character education in the Angkola Batak and Indonesian society in general. Several character values were found, such as: moral values, social values (empathy, caring) and religious values, discipline, independence, help each other, love, generous and respect for gifts. Therefore, it can be said that the manyongot-nyonggoti tradition is very good to be explored and used as a model for character education
Characterization of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa) in Soilless Farming System Using SNAP Solution Blended with Different Biofertilizer Extracts
Full text linkThe study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of lettuce in soilless non-recirculated (hydroponic) system using Simple Nutrient Addition Program (SNAP) solution blended with different biofertilizer extracts in terms of number of leaves, width of leaves, length of leaves, plant height and yield in the greenhouse under DEBESMSCAT, Masbate, Philippine condition. The experimental design used was Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with seven (7) treatments and three (3) replications. A total of one hundred sixty-eight (168) seedlings were transplanted and arranged for treatment and replication. The study used the recommended level of SNAP solution blended with different biofertilizer extracts. Treatment A - SNAP solution and 300ml of fermented plant juice, treatment B - SNAP solution and 300ml of fermented fruit juice, treatment C - SNAP solution and 300ml Fish Amino acid, treatment D - SNAP solution and 300ml Vermi tea, treatment E - SNAP solution and 300ml cattle manure tea, treatment F - SNAP solution and 300ml chicken dung tea and treatment G - SNAP solution (control). Result of the study revealed that the application of SNAP solution blended with different bio-extract gave significant effect on the growth and yield characteristics of lettuce in terms of number of leaves, width of leaves, length of leaves, plant height and yield. The study concluded that the characteristics of lettuce were significantly affected by biofertilizer blended in SNAP solution. The results of this study the use and application of Vermi tea with SNAP solution in lettuce production is highly recommended in non-recirculated hydroponic system
The Interference of Mother Tongue in English Language Grammar Classes: A Case Study on Grade Six EFL Teachers
Full text linkThe major intent of this study was to explore the interference of mother tongue in EFL grammar classes. Felege Abiot Elementary School was chosen via random sampling method (lottery). In this school in particular grade six, there were three EFL teachers. Three of them were selected with comprehensive sampling technique as to be participants. The study was a case study research design in nature. Classroom observation and interview were used to gather data from participants; the data were then analyzed qualitatively. The result of the study revealed that Amharic (L1) could be sparingly utilized in EFL grammar classes. Additionally, it was found that Amharic was used in occasions when the teachers and their learners failed to apply L2 in explaining idea, comparing and contrasting rules of Amharic and English language, offering instructions and confirming students’ comprehension. However, EFL teachers utilized the rules of Amharic to English language words. On the basis of these, it was possible to conclude that EFL teachers believed the use of L1 in L2 classes positively, but they directly employed the rule of L1 to L2 contexts unsystematically