European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (ES)
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The Role and Benefits of ChatGPT in the Agriculture Sector in EU Countries
Full text linkThe implementation of ChatGPT in the agricultural sector throughout the countries of the EU is revolutionising conventional farming methods. ChatGPT utilises sophisticated artificial intelligence capabilities to offer immediate assistance and valuable information to farmers, thereby improving their ability to make informed decisions and increasing their efficiency. The uses of this technology span from enhancing crop yields through predictive analytics to providing personalised guidance on sustainable farming methods. Moreover, ChatGPT enhances the effectiveness of supply chain management and enhances communication between stakeholders. This technological innovation aligns with the European Union's objectives of fostering a more sustainable and innovative agricultural future. This study examines the role and benefits of ChatGPT, an advanced artificial intelligence technology, in the agriculture sector of EU countries. The analysis is based on a mixed-effects model using secondary data from the European Commission's agricultural database and various agricultural research institutions across EU countries. The model includes covariates such as crop yields, water consumption, and decision-making scores, and accounts for country and year fixed effects. The results indicate that ChatGPT adoption has a statistically significant and positive impact on crop yields, resource consumption, and decision-making capabilities. Specifically, ChatGPT adoption leads to a 0.87 metric ton increase in crop yields per hectare, a 230 cubic meter reduction in water consumption per hectare, and a 1.24-point increase in decision-making scores. The findings demonstrate the potential of ChatGPT to improve agricultural performance in EU countries, and highlight the importance of integrating AI technologies in the agricultural sector to address pressing challenges such as resource scarcity and climate change. The study has some limitations, including potential unobserved confounding factors and the generalizability of the findings across different agricultural practices and contexts. Future research should explore the long-term impacts of ChatGPT and other AI technologies on agriculture
Towards an Understanding of Perceptual Illusions in Language and Speech: A Cross-Linguistic Perspective
Full text linkPerceptual illusions in language and speech reveal how listeners interpret auditory input in ways that deviate from the acoustic signals they receive. These phenomena shed light on the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying speech perception, shaped by linguistic and cultural factors. This paper reviews four key perceptual illusions: phonemic restoration, the McGurk effect, verbal transformation, and auditory streaming, examining their manifestation across different languages, including Persian, Turkish, Japanese, and English. By integrating findings from diverse linguistic studies, this paper highlights the interplay between universal perceptual processes and language-specific influences, with implications for speech recognition technology, language learning, and clinical applications.
Preservation Strategies and Issues for Tehran City Identity in a Rapidly Changing Urban Landscape
Full text linkThe presented article discusses the issues of Tehran city identity preservation in a rapidly changing urban landscape, taking into account that city preservation encompasses strategies to maintain and enhance the historical, cultural, and architectural integrity of urban environments. Being a vibrant capital city of Iran, Tehran is considered a city steeped in history, culture, and rapid urban development. As it transforms into a modern metropolis, the challenges of preserving its unique identity while implementing sustainable architectural planning become more important. Therefore, it is of high importance to examine how traditional Persian architecture and modern urban challenges intersect. These circumstances may be critical not only for preserving the cultural heritage of Tehran but also for ensuring a livable environment for its residents. The number of conducted studies reveals the importance of integrating local heritage with contemporary urban needs, demonstrating that effective city preservation between the past and the present may be realized through cultural identity at the same time as promoting social cohesion, economic vitality, and civil education. As the city identity preservation refers to the efforts made to preserve and protect the unique character, historical image, and cultural heritage of a city, therefore it can involve a combination of architectural conservation and sustainable development practices. These efforts will contribute to promoting a sense of belonging and pride among residents while attracting visitors who appreciate the distinctive identity of this Eastern-type city. Currently the historical texture of Tehran is an attractive mix of historic and modern architecture, reflecting its rich cultural legacy and rapid urbanization
Social Reconstruction toward Wellness Tourism Development: Pivotal Roles of Woman Empowerment and Participation
Full text linkDrawing on feminist ecology theory, this paper explores how woman empowerment (i.e., psychological, social, political, and economic aspects) may lead to social reconstruction toward wellness tourism development in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the existing paper examines the mediating role of women's participation in the development of wellness tourism. This paper employs an empirical quantitative method to analyse the interrelations among these variables, using 438 responses from Saudi and non-Saudi women. Findings confirmed that women's participation in wellness tourism development was partially mediated in the nexuses between four woman empowerment aspects and social reconstruction toward wellness tourism development. Results showed that women's initiatives in wellness tourism (e.g., holistic retreats, healing centres, and eco-tourism) generate community resilience, contribute to gender equity, and sustain heritage. This paper presents new insights into policy development, sustainable tourism planning, and gender-sensitive economic reform in the Saudi context
Crisis Management through Crisis Communication: Lessons from a Higher Educational Institution
Full text linkAll higher educational institutions experience different types of crises. In the early 2020, higher educational institutions experienced various types of crises and these crises tested the resiliency of every institution. This case study aimed to examine how a higher educational institutions in a highly urbanized city managed the crises it faced during the pandemic especially in the area of crisis communication. It aimed to describe how the subject institution utilized crisis communication during the COVID-19 Pandemic; determine the effectiveness of crisis communication in addressing concerns; and proposed improvements that can be made to crisis communications in higher educational institutions. An asynchronous interview was employed by the researcher with 17 members of the management team. This study found out that the manger participants have had concerns with the well-being of their family, the quality in delivering their service products to the customers, and job security. It also found out that the methods employed by subject university resulted in a positive reception of the crisis communication message. While the sentiments of the respondents were mostly positive, there were unmistakable shortcomings such as concerns or questions from stakeholder not being addressed in a timely and supportive manner. While the subject institution is not uniquely affected by the pandemic, its crisis communication response may help the progress and development of crisis communication across different industries and organizational cultures
Manifestation of Armenian-Iranian Architectural and Artistic Interactions in the Exterior and Interior Formation of the Churches of New Julfa
Full text linkThis article attempts to reveal the manifestations of Armenian-Iranian architectural and artistic interactions in the churches of New Julfa, focusing on their unique characteristics and various influences. New Julfa was created by the Armenians who were forcibly relocated to the territory of Iran by Shah Abbas I (1588-1629). This relocation not only served as a response to political and economic needs but also became a focal moment for the formation of the cultural and architectural identity of the created Armenian community in the Safavid Empire (1501-1722). Actually, the Armenian district of New Julfa, established in Isfahan in the early XVII century, represents a fascinating confluence of Armenian and Iranian cultures, particularly visible in the architectural and artistic styling of its churches. The interactions between Armenian and Iranian styles and principles not only highlight the unique identity of the churches of New Julfa but also reflect broader international artistic exchanges of the period. It was conditioned by the trade ties of Armenian merchants with Europe, as well as with the Near East and Far East. Indeed, the churches of New Julfa are notable for their unique architectural form and spatial organization, external and interior design. The used local materials in the Armenian churches, such as brick and tile, demonstrate the collaboration between Armenian and Iranian interactions. In terms of internal formation, the Armenian churches in New Julfa demonstrate the influences of both Armenian and Iranian features, as well as the European style, which is obvious in their interior decoration, such as frescoes and murals, tiles, and pictures. In other words, these churches combine Armenian Christian symbolism and Iranian elegance, resulting in the creation of a unique manifestation of both styles. Thus, the residential houses, churches, and other structures built in New Julfa during the XVII-XVIII centuries reflect a distinctive blend of Armenian architectural traditions and local Iranian influences, resulting in a unique architectural creation. At present, New Julfa is still a densely populated Armenian district in Isfahan with Armenian schools and more than a dozen remarkable churches
The Armenian Cardinal Gregory Peter XV Aghajanian—a Pioneering Figure in the Holy Roman Church
Full text linkThe presented paper is dedicated to one of the prominent Armenians of the 20th century world, Cardinal Gregory Peter XV Aghajanian (1895–1971), who, with his influential role, stands as a monumental figure in the Holy Roman Catholic Church, at the same time being an outstanding figure of Armenian identity and heritage. Being born in a region marked by political and social upheaval (in the Caucasus), then living in the West and in the East parts of the world and traveling around the globe, he devoted his life to the clerical mission and regulation of inter-ecclesiastical issues, ecumenical and interfaith dialogue, aiming to spread Catholicism as well as to bridge divisions between different Christian denominations and promote understanding among diverse Christian communities. Cardinal Aghajanian, an Armenian Catholic priest, played a significant role as a high-ranking cleric and ‘pastoral diplomat’ within the Vatican. Being the Patriarch-Catholicos of Cilicia from 1937 to 1962, he attained the rank of cardinal in 1946 and subsequently held the position of prefect of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith from 1958/60 to 1970. He played a key role in the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965), acting for renewal and reforms within the Catholic Church. Appointed as a member of the Roman Curia and serving in different positions, he attempted to promote dialogue between the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox churches. He was also known for his work with the Eastern Catholic Churches and his contributions to their missionary activities and the canon regulation. His contributions are also obvious to the Armenian Catholic presence within the larger Catholic community. Aghajanian's ecclesiastical and missionary legacy is characterized by his commitment to unity and the promotion of peace, making him a pioneering figure in the evolution of the Church during a transformative period of the 20th century. His brilliant knowledge and diplomatic skills, mastering the art of negotiation, and the virtues characteristic of a cleric earned him a position of influence within the Roman Church, where his insights and guidance were sought after in matters of both faith and governance. He was twice nominated and considered as a candidate for Pope (1958 and 1963), possibly due to the above circumstances. Finally, he lived during a unique period of the evolution of the Holy Roman Catholic Church, i.e., during the reign of the 20th century's distinguished popes, among them Pius X (1903-1914), Benedict XV (1914-1922), Pius XI (1922-1939), Pius XII (1939-1958), John XXIII (1958-1963), and Paul VI (1963-1978). So, he was the Armenian who was noticed by some of the mentioned popes, entrusting him with a number of important positions and missions, thus further ensuring his irreplaceable place in the then-operating Roman Curia and the Church atmosphere in general. Essentially, Cardinal Aghajanian was destined to become one of the most famous figures of the Holy See of the Vatican in the middle of the 20th century, to be a part of various world political-diplomatic, spiritual, ecclesiastical, and international affairs, and in consequence to be at the center of those events. His rich lifetime activities may be divided into a few parts: a priest and a teacher, a bishop and an administrator, the patriarch—a caring father and a pastoral diplomat, a cardinal and a voice for spreading Christianity, a high-ranking cleric, and a diplomatic figure in ecclesiastical-political matters. He always acted for Catholicism, for the propagation of the faith and evangelization
Manifestations of Ancient and Medieval Armenian Ornamentation in the Architecture of Armenia of the Soviet Period
Full text linkThe rich artistic and architectural heritage of Armenia, spanning ancient, medieval, and new periods, is renowned for its intricate ornamentation and symbolic motifs that reflect the nation’s cultural, religious, and historical identity. Throughout Armenia’s history, these ornamental traditions have been preserved and adapted from century to century, influencing various forms of artistic expression, including architecture. The ornamentation (ornamental patterns) and decoration (constructive elements) were widely used and occupied a large place in Soviet-Armenian architecture, having an important stylistic, compositional, and epistemological-cognitive value and significance. Therefore, the study of the ornamentation and individual architectural details that play an important role in the artistic expression of Armenian architectural structures of the Soviet period is noteworthy, especially since Soviet-Armenian architecture was the creative forge of the revival of Armenian national architecture, one of the important features of which is the unveiling of its aesthetic issues. Thus, presented article explores the manifestations of Armenian ornamentation within the architectural landscape of the Soviet period in Armenia. It examines how traditional Armenian decorative motifs were integrated, adapted, or transformed in Soviet-era architecture, reflecting a subtle relationship between national cultural identity and Soviet ideological influences. Through presentation and analysis of different architectural examples and ornamental patterns, this article highlights the persistence and evolution of Armenian architectural heritage amid socio-political shifts, offering insights into the cultural resilience and identity expression during Soviet era (1920-1990s)
Analysis of Social Welfare Practices: A Case Study of Saar Salimullah Muslim Orphanage, Bangladesh
Full text linkSocial work is a dynamic profession that blends theoretical knowledge with practical skills to address the challenges faced by individuals and communities, particularly those from marginalized backgrounds. This study explores a 60-day fieldwork experience at Saar Salimullah Muslim Orphanage in Dhaka, Bangladesh, which serves as a refuge for orphaned and vulnerable children. The orphanage provides a variety of services, including shelter, education, vocational training, and psychological support, aimed at improving the well-being of its residents and promoting self-reliance. Using a multi-method research approach, this study investigates the effectiveness of the orphanage’s programs, focusing on the integration of vocational training, educational support, and mental health interventions. The research employed both qualitative and quantitative methods, including direct observations, case studies, and an analysis of institutional records. These tools were used to assess the operational practices, identify challenges, and evaluate the impact of the services provided to the children. Key findings of the study reveal several challenges within the orphanage’s operational framework. These include a lack of sufficient resources, limited access to modern vocational training, and inadequate support for children’s mental health needs. Despite these challenges, the research identifies significant positive outcomes, particularly in the academic and social integration of children who participated in educational and vocational programs. The findings also highlight the critical role of psychosocial support in helping children process trauma and improve their emotional well-being. The study further emphasizes the potential for expanding the vocational training program to include more diverse and market-relevant skills such as agriculture, digital literacy, and entrepreneurship, which could better prepare the children for life after leaving the orphanage. Financial sustainability emerged as another key area for improvement, with the institution facing challenges in balancing its income and expenditures. The research suggests implementing income-generating activities, such as small-scale agricultural projects and vocational product sales, to enhance financial stability. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of community engagement and family involvement in ensuring the success of institutional interventions. Strengthening connections with the children’s families and creating partnerships with local businesses and NGOs can provide continuous support and opportunities for the children as they transition into society. The paper concludes with several actionable recommendations to improve the orphanage’s services. These include diversifying vocational training programs, enhancing trauma-informed care practices, increasing financial transparency, and fostering stronger community and family connections. The research demonstrates that integrating innovative social welfare practices with vocational training and emotional support programs can significantly enhance the well-being and self-reliance of marginalized children, providing them with the tools necessary for future success
Multi-scalar Water Governance: Between State Failures and the Increasing Responsibility of Local Communities
Full text linkIn a context of increasing pressure on water resources due to climate change, rapid urbanisation and population growth, the limits of centralised state approaches to water management are becoming increasingly apparent. This study is part of a critical analysis of water governance mechanisms at different scales with views on the role of local communities in a multi-scalar system. Its main objective is to examine the extent to which the State's shortcomings in sustainable water management pave the way for local stakeholders greater responsibility. The methodology is based on a systematic and analytical literature review based on Elinor Ostrom's theory of the commons and multi-scalar governance. Scientific sources, institutional reports as well as national and international normative frameworks were consulted. The results reveal a gradual process of powers delegation, often under constraint, to local authorities and local users, without any effective transfer of technical and financial resources. Furthermore, the research also highlighted the emergence of hybrid arrangements among public, private and community actors, reflecting a reshaping of governance. The results suggest that effective water governance requires a coherent articulation of action at different scales, recognition of local knowledge, and endogenous capacity building. In addition, public water policies need to be rethought in terms of subsidiarity, inclusion and resilience.