European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (ES)
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The Relationship among Directors' Pay, Corporate Governance, and Firm Performance: Evidence from Financial Sector of Pakistan
Get PDFThis research empirically examines the effect of firms' performance and corporate governance attributes on directors' pay. To attain the objective, the data for the period from 2007 to 2014 are retrieved from annual reports of 52 listed financial firms. Return on assets and return on equity are utilized to measure performance. Board size, board independence, board ownership and CEO duality are employed as corporate governance practices. Using the random effect model, the performance has positively related to directors’ pay, but level of significance is sensitive across performance proxies. The board independence has negatively significantly influenced the directors' pay. However, board ownership significantly positively influenced the directors’ pay. Furthermore, board size and CEO duality both have not significantly associated with directors’ pay
Determinants of Return on Assets
Get PDFThe objective of this study is to examine the Determinants of ROA in the cement industry in Pakistan from 2013-2017. The quantile regression is run at different quantiles in Stata 12. The policy makers of cement industry must realize that the capital structure has negative impact on return on assets. The tangibility also has negative impact at 0.80 quantile and 0.90 quantile, so the policy makers must have to look their assets strength in order to gauge the return on assets. Finally the size is highly significant at 0.80 quantile and 0.90 quantile and has been found as positive determinant of return on assets
Research-Oriented Teaching and Students’ Academic Performance: Perception of University Teachers
Get PDFThe role of teacher and teaching methodology is very important to transfer knowledge and content to students. The traditional ways of teaching make the students passive listeners and knowledge observers only. Now a day’s trend of teaching has been changed from traditional ways to research oriented teaching. These reforms in teaching- learning environment make the students more critical, innovative, problem solvers and active learners. Now students under the guidance of the teachers engage themselves in research related and problem solving activities and find out the solutions of the problems. This paper intended to find out the perception of teachers regarding the effect of research oriented teaching strategies on the performance of university students. Data were collected from 100 university faculty members of five public cadre universities by employing convenient sampling technique. The results of data analysis showed that teachers were aware about the mode of research oriented teaching. Results of regression analysis also made it clear that students’ performance was affected by teacher’s research oriented teaching
Economic Analysis of Organic Wheat Production in Pakistan: Adoption and Return on Investment
Get PDFThe rising concern of conventional farming emphasized the need of organic farming which utilizes environment-friendly and economically-viable production methods. Pakistan has great potential but organic farming is not in practice. This study examined the constraints in adopting organic wheat and its impact on return on investment by employing farm level data of 300 wheat growers. We employ endogenous switching regression (ESR) approach that accounts for selection bias. The results show that organic wheat has significant and positive impact on the returns but adoption is slow due to number of limiting factors. Illiteracy, lack of information, liquidity constraint, complicated and costly certification process, absence of organic market and small land holdings are the major limiting factors for the adoption. Policy makers should focus to overcome the constraints of organic farming by providing easy, timely and adequate credit. Awareness and motivation of farmers should be done through education, training and extension services
Impact of Openness on Economic Growth in Developing Economies: An Empirical Analysis
Get PDFA country’s openness has been one of the primary driving forces for stimulating growth. Among researchers, it is still controversial to conclude openness-growth relationship. It might be the result of ignoring the mediation effect of some conditional variables. Although some papers have found that openness has a positive impact on economic growth, others have seriously questioned the significance of this finding. The objective of this study is to empirically explore openness-growth relationship using fixed capital stock as a mediator variable in a panel data set of 19 developing economies spanning 1980 to 2013. The study examines the relationship between trade openness and economic growth. The results outline that the direct impact of trade openness on economic growth is negative, while it tends to exert a positive effect on economic growth when fixed capital formation is taken as a mediating variable and show a threshold. The findings of the study may help policy-makers in selected developing countries to take advantage of increasing international trade by considering domestic development level of fixed capital formation
Adoption of Integrated Pest Management (IPM): The Case of Iranian Farmers
Get PDFDetermining the influencing factors regarding adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) practices by farmers in Fars province of Iran is the main purpose of this study. Survey research was conducted using stratified random sampling and 151 farmers were interviewed. Data were analyzed using SPSS21 software and structural equation modeling based on Smart PLS software. Results revealed that the model presented in this study had a modest predictive power. It also showed the differences in the use of diverse activities of integrated pest management. Based on the findings of structural equation modeling, the comments of the reference group is the most important factor affecting the adoption of integrated pest management. Access to extension services about IPM, recourse availability, educational level and income are the other factors which influence the adoption process. The effective role of reference group, perception should be emphasized in order to increase adoption of IPM among farmers
Impact of Violent Attitude on the Psychological Health of Students in Pakistan
Get PDFIn spite of the momentous efforts of research, violent attitude in students has become a larger concern that must be dealt by the professionals and policy makers (Alikaúifolu &Eke, 2016). The aim of this paper is to investigate the nature of physical and emotional violent attitude in university students in Pakistan. Therefore, unstructured interviews were used as a tool of research. A greater depth of data is possible through unstructured interviews rather than other types of interviews (Denzin & Lincoln, 2003). Purposive sampling was used in the selection of participants. Data was collected through interviews with 15 senior professors of universities. The study is an empirical addition in the knowledge for the comprehension of nature of violent attitude in university students. It was concluded that cases of physical violence in the form of slapping, injuries have been observed. Emotional violence has been found in the form using abusive language and shouting. The students belonging to physical and psychological broken families are involved in misconduct. Participants were in opinion that more content could be added in the text books on social and moral development of students. Participants were in opinion that teachers would use polite language with the students to overcome school violence
Urban-Rural Differentials of Health and Educational Inequality in District of Faisalabad: A Social Analysis
Get PDFThis study aims to find out the relationship between socioeconomic determinants of rural-urban social inequity specifically with regard to health and educational facilities and the public perception of this inequality in Faisalabad District, Punjab, Pakistan. The data were collected through a survey by using interviewing schedules. The multistage sampling technique was used to collect data. At the first stage two Tehsils of district Faisalabad were selected randomly, while at the second stage four union councils, two from each Tehsil (one urban and one rural) were randomly selected. A specimen of 240 respondents, 120 from each Tehsil (60 from urban and 60 from country regions) were chosen arbitrarily from the selected regions. Data were analyzed by statistical analysis using SPSS software. Results of study revealed that peoples living in urban areas had better literacy level than rural peoples. T-statistics also revealed sharp contrast between urban and rural population regarding availability of basic education and health facilities. The study also revealed that urban people were more satisfied about available health and educational infrastructure. The study concludes that rural peoples are badly facing the impacts of social disparity due to lack of health and educational facilities as compared to urban peoples
Spirit and Innovation at Work in Software Houses of Pakistan: How Does Job Satisfaction Intervene the Relationship?
Get PDFThe study in hand is an effort to find the relationship of spirit at work with Innovative work behavior of employees using job satisfaction as mediator. The data was collected from employees of software houses of Punjab province through self-administered questionnaire. We distributed 560 questionnaires among which 361 questionnaires were received filled thus making response rate 67.3%. This study employs confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to test the overall fitness of measurement and structural model using AMOS graphic. The results of the study revealed that spirit at work had positive effect on innovative work behavior of employees. It is proved through results that job satisfaction has mediating effect on the relationship between Spirit at work and IWB. Job satisfaction demonstrated three dimensions of spirit at work to be mediated. However, Job satisfaction does not mediate the relation of spiritual connection and Innovative work behavior. As the employees are the integral part and most important asset of the organization so managers should focus on maintaining and lifting up the level of spirit at work among employees. This high level of spirit at work will help employees to show more innovative behavior that assists organizations to grow
Do Outliers Matter in Return and Volatility Linkages? A Case of Sectoral Stock of PSX and Brent Oil
Get PDFThis paper focuses at the return and volatility link between Brent Oil and stock sectors of Pakistan Stock Exchange by taking into account the outliers. The newly proposed Laurent et al. (2016) methodology has been applied for the detection and correction of outliers. Bivariate VAR(1)-AGARCH(1,1) model has been estimated using data sampled from 01-01-2001 till 31-12-2015. Optimal weights and hedge ratios for oil-stock portfolio holdings have also been analyzed. It has been observed that the model estimates are alive to the presence of outliers. Unidirectional short-run price spillovers are found significant from oil market to the stock sectors. Whereas, no volatility spillover between Brent oil and sectors of Pakistan Stock Exchange have been found neither in the short-run and nor in the long-run. The outcomes of this study will help investors, portfolio and hedge fund managers in making sane decisions about portfolio diversification, risk management, and international assets allocation