European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (ES)
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Exploring the Role of Fiscal Decentralization in Capital formation: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of Fiscal decentralization on capital formation. Time series data from 1980-2018 were used for the assessment of the model through Auto Regressive Distributed Lag modelling technique. Empirical outcomes corroborated that government development expenditures had significant positive impact on capital formation in Pakistan. The impact of government expenditures on economy is seemed to be a very important element for economic progression in democratic countries. This study result indicates that it is vital for the Pakistani government to adopt the policy of increase in government expenditures in order to attain higher capital formation, a precondition for growth and development of the country
Developmental Teaching and LearningTechnologies
Get PDFThis research investigates the theoretical and practical issues related to the theoretical analysis of the problem of developmental teaching technologies, characterizes the main goals of developmental teaching, specifies the hypothesis, selects the content of education, determines the features of the development of critical thinking in students, and studies in detail such pedagogical technologies as portfolio, pedagogical workshops, and game technologies. The research gives a concrete methodological description of the methods of various technologies: developing critical thinking through reading and writing, portfolio, pedagogical workshops, and game technologies, which will allow using the tried and tested experience as a theoretical and practical framework in various pedagogical cultures. The theoretical analysis and generalization of experience of implementing effective technologies in the pedagogical process found that the formation of the main concepts in students in each academic subject takes place in a spiral-shaped manner – from the center to the periphery, where the center is occupied by the abstract and general notion of the formed concept, which is concretized on the periphery, enriched with individual notions, and thus transformed into a scientific and theoretical concept
Elimination of Chhirkey and Foorkey Viruses from Meristem Culture of large Cardamom (Amomum Subulatum Roxb.)
Get PDFLarge cardamom is one of the important cash crops in the mid hills of Nepal. Amomum subulatum has 0.91 – 1.22m leafy stem. The leaves are 0.30m-0.61m ×0.08-0.10m in size. They are green and glabrous on both surfaces. Of many diseases and pests, two viral diseases namely ‘Foorkey’ and ‘Chhirkey’ are the main problems for large cardamom cultivation. Production has been declining due to these diseases. Viruses can be eliminated either by thermo therapy or meristem culture or both. Heat therapy has been proved to be a highly successful method for inactivation or elimination of viruses from perennial crops in order to obtain virus- free stock material. The aim of the study is detection of ‘Foorkey’ and ‘chhirkey’ virus with PRSV antibody by Double Antibody Sandwich – Enzyme Linked Immunsorbent Assay (DAS- ELISA), Regenerate shoots from meristems of two cultivars Ramsahi and Golsahi, Multipy virus free shoots of cultivars Golsahi and Dambarsahi by tissue culture. Both Chhirkey and Foorkey viruses were tested with DAS ELISA using antibodies of papaya ring spot virus (PRSV) obtained. Than applied in tissue culture. Maximum shoot growth and root number were observed on MS +0.1 mg/l BA +0.1 mg/l NAA in both liquid and solid media. The rooted planted of Golsahi and Dambarsahi were successfully acclimatized in the screen house is strongly recommended that specific antibodies of Chhirkey and Foorkey should be prepared for indexing of these viruses
A Comparative Analysis of the Compulsory Education Systems in Turkic Republics
Get PDFThe purpose of the current study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the compulsory education processes in Turkic Republics. The current study is designed as a descriptive study in the survey model. The data of the study were collected from journals, books, relevant written sources and internet sites through the document analysis technique. In the study, it was found that in general the compulsory education systems in the Turkic Republics are organized at three levels, require the compulsory attendance of students aged at 6-18 years old and last for 11 or 12 years, and there are some differences in their applications. The first level of the compulsory education is elementary education covering a four-year period in the Turkic Republics investigated in the current study and the general objectives in this first level are to teach how to adapt to the society and life, reading and writing, and the basic skills of mathematics. The second and third levels of the compulsory education have a similar structure in the Turkic Republics, former parts of the Soviet Union, in that first level of the secondary education is five years and the second level of the secondary education is two years in general. On the other hand, in Turkey, each of the first and second levels of the secondary education lasts four years. It was found that in the general secondary education in all the Turkic Republics, it is aimed to give a general science education, to impart the general cultural characteristics of the society to students and to prepare them for higher education
Cooperation of World Bank Group with the States and its Legal Consequences on Environment Protection
Get PDFEconomic activities and attempting to improve them along with the formation of industrial developmental plans in developing countries have exposed environments of these countries to noticeable concern. Formation of international institutes and organizations for the protection of environment has also boosted this concern. Among these institutes mention can be made of World Bank, which has been created for the aim of development of economic growth and development of developing countries. All of these activities together ignite the concern of damaging the environment. The present study was an attempt to investigate legal consequences and the role of World Bank Group, including International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Finance Corporation (IFC) and International Development Association (IDA), on environment. Moreover, it attempted to study what effects formation of this group has had on protection of environment from the point of view of law
Investigation the Mediating Role of Psychological Well-being and Subjective Well-being in the Relationship Between Work Internal Locus of Control and Employee Performance in context to Health sector of Quetta
Get PDFThe fundamental purpose of this research was to examine the function of subjective wellbeing, psychological wellbeing in connection with employee in the role of performance and work internal locus of control. The investigation was carried in three public sector hospitals, containing Fatima Jinnah Memorial Hospital, Sandeman Provincial Hospital and Bolan Medical Complex Hospital. The data were gathered from doctors and their departmental head to examine employee work internal locus of control and their association with employee’s performance. Moreover, the research focused on role of subjective wellbeing on performance of employees and work’s internal locus of control. Through survey method information was gathered with 300 of sample size. Multiple and linear regression analysis were used and results illustrated that the relationship between dependent and independent factors was highly significant. The mediating analysis has shown that there is a direct relation between performance of employees and internal locus of control related to work
Relationship between Toxic Leadership and Job Related Affective Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Job Stress
Get PDFThe present study aimed to examine the relationship between toxic leadership and the job-related affective well-being of workers with the mediating role of job stress. Research population consisted of knowledge workers in knowledge-based organizations, 213 of whom were selected and filled in the Job-Related Affective Well-being Scale (JAWS) (Van Katwyk, Fox, Spector, & Kelloway, 2000), Measures of Job Stressors and Strains (MJSS) (Spector & Jex, 1998), and Toxic Leadership Scale (TLS) (Schmidt, 2014). Data were analyzed through correlation and path analyses. Results showed the significant direct and indirect effects of toxic leadership, quantitative workload, organizational constraints, and interpersonal conflicts on job-related affective well-being. Four variables (interpersonal conflicts, organizational constraints, quantitative workload, and toxic leadership) accounted for 13% of the variance of job-related affective well-being. Moreover, results of the fit of the model revealed a direct significant effect of toxic leadership on interpersonal conflicts where it accounted for 12% of the variance of interpersonal conflicts. In addition, accounting for 9% of the variance of quantitative workload, toxic leadership was demonstrated to have a direct significant effect on quantitative workload. Results also indicated a direct significant effect of toxic leadership on organizational constraints where it accounted for 11% of the variance of organizational constraints. Finally, the necessity of paying attention to organizational management styles was discussed
Professional Innovation Policy in the System of Higher Music Education in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Get PDFMusic education is an important part of spiritual and aesthetic personality development. However, the problem lies in the fact that outdated teaching methods cannot impart the whole complex of musicological knowledge. The article provides a view on the transition from the information education to professional innovation, carried out under the introduction of professionally innovation policies in future music teachers’ preparation in the university education system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is conducted with the reflection of its elements: professional and creative personal fulfillment of the future music teacher; introduction features of dual education; application possibility of competency-based approach and musical computer technologies. There were used the method of analysis, system and acmeological approaches to achieve these objectives. The article provides generalization of domestic and foreign experience on the research issue. The article provides an innovative content of the learning process in the system of higher music education, updated innovation-oriented professional competency of the future music teacher that was developed for the first time in attach to teacher’s creative personal fulfillment in a professionally orientated training activity. There is also an emphasis on the necessity of introducing computer technologies in the music educational process, as they can significantly increase students’ interest in music, as well as give an opportunity to develop musical skills by modern Hi-Fi and sound-recording systems
Comprehending the Design Problem in Education of Architectural Basic Design Courses (Case Study: Students Entering University of Guilan in Years 2013 and 2014)
Get PDFTraining the architectural design depends on several variables and it is a very challenging issue. As personality formation of a designer and acquiring design depend on this issue, the primary steps in learning architectural design are very important in training the architecture students. The current research aims to provide a list of projects performed in the architectural basic design courses at university of Guilan by author with a looking at exercises provided in the architectural basic design courses at the University of MIT. Then, using the findings of the graduated students’ survey on this course and using T-test, the impact of methods and exercises provided by architectural basic design courses on architectural design courses I to IV, was examined. Finally, the level of impact of the investigated methods and exercises studied was ranked using Friedman test and SPSS 16.0 software. Findings of the study can provide effective strategies in designing and facilitating the internalization of design problem by students
Stock Price Synchronicity and Voluntary Disclosure in Perspective of Pakistan
Get PDFThis study investigates the relationship between stock price synchronicity and voluntary disclosure in perspective of Pakistan. The degree of co-movement of stock price depends on the relative amount of firm-level and the wide market information. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the degrees of firm’s information which is measured by voluntary disclosure levels and how much this firm-specific information is incorporated in the stock price, measured by synchronicity. We use 5-year data from Pakistan Stock Exchange for the period of 2010 to 2014 for KSE 100 index. We use SD-SCORE to measure the level of voluntary disclosure. SD-SCORE is calculated based on the information provided in firm’s annual reports. We assign points to each company based on five broad criteria. Additional points were given if firm provides quantitative data of some specific item used in the calculation of SD-SCORE. Further, R2 is used as a proxy of synchronicity which shows the level of information impounded into share prices. We regress synchronicity on voluntary disclosure level to find out whether it incorporates in share price or not. We conclude that in Pakistan, voluntary disclosure has a significant positive relation with stock price synchronicity. Our results suggest that not only public but also the private information incorporate in the stock price and provide inversely U-shape relationship between synchronicity and voluntary disclosure. The results of this study are based on multi-variant analysis, there is a significant positive relation between stock price synchronicity and firm’s voluntary disclosure levels