European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (ES)
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An Empirical Analysis of Employment Status, Nature of Employment and Poverty Incidence in Pakistan
Get PDFThis study measured poverty incidence and decomposition of poverty incidence across employment status, industry /sectors of employment and occupation of employment in Pakistan. Impact of employment status and nature of employment of household head on household poverty incidence is also analysed by employing logistic regression technique. The study used Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey (PSLM) data set for the year 2013-14 for empirical estimations. A class of Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (1984) method is employed to estimate poverty incidence as well as decomposition of poverty incidence. The results showed that poverty incidence is about 36 percent in Pakistan in year 2013-14. Poverty decomposition results depicted that poverty significantly varies across employment status, sectors/industry of employment and occupation of employment. Employers, electricity, gas & water industry and legislative, senior official & managers group have lowest poverty incidence while sharecropper & paid employee, construction sector and elementary occupations had highest poverty incidence. The results of Logit Model indicate that age of the household head, education of the household head and general employment of the household head are inversely related to poverty while being male as head, residence of household in rural area, household size and dependency ratio are positively related to poverty incidence. Employment of the household head significantly reduces while dependency ratio immensely increases the odds of being in poverty. Therefore, sufficient employment opportunities should be provided to all for massive reduction in poverty and sustainable development of the country. Employment of the household head as share cropper, paid employed & livestock only, in construction, transport & storage sector, and in elementary occupations etc. have higher prospect of being in poverty. Thus, for fabulous reduction in poverty government should implement minimum wage policy and provide social safety nets to enhance the income of these poor workers to bring them out of poverty
Impact of Ownership Structure on Dividend Payout Policy in Cement Industry of Pakistan
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of ownership structure on dividend payout policy in Pakistan. In this study, ownership structure was used as an independent variable which is measured by Managerial ownership structure, institutional ownership structure and individual ownership structure and dividend payout policy was used as a dependent variable which is measured by dividend payout ratio. A sample of 15 companies listed in Pakistan stock exchange from 2013-2017 were selected from the cement industry in Pakistan. For the purpose of analysis descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression are used. The results reveal that institutional ownership and individual ownership have significant impact on dividend payout policy. Firm size and managerial ownership structure have insignificant impact on dividend payout
Inflation, Monetary Policy and Globalization Nexus: A Panel data analysis
Get PDFInflation, as major macroeconomic variable has always been an important area of research for socio-economic policy makers. For prudent policy formulation it is of vital importance to investigate the possible dimensions, through which it is generated. The aim of present study is to measure the impact of monetary policy and globalization on South and South East Asian inflation by utilizing the time span from 1981-2016. To examine the nature of globalization-inflation relationship the study utilized an updated measure of globalization. Moreover, the current study measures the impact of monetary policy variables on inflation, ignoring random shocks as these considered fewer fractions for the inconsistency of the policy instruments. The study also employed Hodrick Prescott filter to calculate the domestic output gap in order to assess that still changes in domestic output gap is relevant to inflation variation in the presence of globalization, hence refute the observation of flat Phillips curve that suggest the insignificant role of domestic output gap in the era of open economy. Estimating augmented Phillips curve model and employing structural modeling Panel data Mean Group(MG) and Pooled Mean Group(PMG) Estimation technique, the results of the study confirm that both global and domestic factors have significant and descriptive power for domestic inflation. Therefore, the monetary authorities of these countries should consider the developments in global conditions
Role of Father in Child Personality Development: Evidence from Pakistan
Get PDFA number of studies have established an association between poor role modeling of the parents and children's behavior. The existing study focuses on the father's role in the development of the personality of the children (n = 400) aged 10 to 19 years in 4 urban towns of Faisalabad. The integrated approach was employed for data collection. Results showed that it is not possible to develop quality if there is no time to do it, but no amount of quantity can compensate for poor quality. Chi-square value (20.218) showed a highly significant association (P = 0.000) between the positive role of the father and positive child personality development. Focus group discussions were conducted with numerous respondents. When fathers are included in the lives of their children, particularly their training, children take in more, perform better in school, and show more beneficial conduct
The Relationship between FDI and Economic Performance (BRICS)
Get PDFFDI is an important force to promote economic development. As the main way of international capital flows FDI has an increasingly significant impact on host country's economy. We took into account its impact on economic performance. From the perspective of econometric analysis, the relationship between the FDI and economic performance of the BRICS countries is examined by DEA model. The empirical analysis shows that FDI has a positive impact on the overall economic performance of the BRICS countries; however FDI occurs to have a negative impact on the economic performance of China
Impact of Education and Employment on Women Empowerment
Get PDFThis study is an endeavor to examine the status of women and most importantly the impact of education and employment on women empowerment in Quetta. Balochistan, Pakistan’s most rich and undeveloped Province in which most of the women in particular are still kept deprived of the facilities such as education and work/ employment, to be economically and educationally strong. Cross section, descriptive, and empirical study was done using survey technique method to gather information from the educated and employed women of Quetta district. The result indicates that education and employment have high significant positive relationship with women empowerment in decision making, control over the resources and voice. Education helps women get employment and employment makes them financially independent and economically strong which then leads to their empowerment. When women are empowered they reach out and empower other women. Research findings will definitely help the future researchers to understand influence of education and employment on women residing in Quetta, Pakistan to improve their ability to make strategic life choice to attain the capability desired for them and her family members, moreover the finding also provides a view on the status of women residing in Quetta
Impact of Intellectual Capital on Performance of Karachi Stock Exchange 30-Index Companies of Pakistan
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of Intellectual Capital (IC) on the financial performance of the organization. IC relationship is measured with the firm performance by using Pulic’s method known as value added intellectual coefficient (VAICTM) and its mechanisms i.e., human, structural and capital employed efficiencies (HCE, SCE, CEE). The outcome provides an additional empirical confirmation for the contribution of IC on the company’s financial performance. The financial indicators of this study are Karachi stock exchange (KSE)-30 index companies. In this regard, quantitative data is collected by the companies of Pakistan from the period of 2010 to 2014. In the era of competition, every company is seeking for the efficient way to increase their financial performance, the IC plays a significant role in the economy as found evidence in developed countries, this study will help the organizations to make modern operations by using different sources in order to increase their financial performance. The study of IC has endured on various stages, from initial conscious awareness efforts to the sorting of IC, and to the search for suitable measures of IC. This article presents the first study that explores IC impact on financial performance of KSE-30 index companies in Pakistan
The Determinants of Pakistan’s Bilateral Trade and Trade Potential with World: A Gravity Model Approach
Get PDFNonlinear measurement of gravity model with PPML regression technique has become admired for modeling international trade flows since it approves a better accounting for zero flows and excessive values in distribution tail. In the present study, we have endeavored to investigate the bilateral trade milieu of Pakistan with 198 trading cohorts over the time epoch (1992-2016) 25 years and to stumble on latent markets in case of Pakistan’s bilateral trade. The empirical results revealed that market size, bilateral exchange rates, income differential, common religion, border, and trade agreements positively influence bilateral trade volume while bilateral distance and landlocked countries showed a negative relationship towards bilateral trade of Pakistan with rest of the world. The outcome also illustrates that the trade pattern of Pakistan hinges on the Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O) theory, therefore, can be explained by the dissimilarity in factor endowments whereas the WTO membership does not have any influence on bilateral trade of Pakistan. Pakistan owns satisfactory potential to enhance its bilateral trade with nearly 102 countries. The highest potential lies with countries Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Somalia, Hong Kong, Iran and USA whereas actual trade has exceeded with countries like China, Oman, Spain, UAE, Germany, and the UK. Hence, there is need to address all measures to improve bilateral trade with potential countries moreover per se Pakistan can perhaps decrease or handle the trade discrepancy by targeting these economies, to bring about a reasonable quality in mutual trading relations
CSR Dimensions and Customer Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Brand Image from the Perspective of the Hotel Industry
Get PDFThe concept of corporate social reasonability (CSR) is still considered to be in the initial phases in the research and academic arena especially in Asian developing economies. Current research embraces a more comprehensive and integrated approach with regard to the assessment of CSR dimensions (economic and ethical) on customer satisfaction with a mediating role of brand image. This article investigates the relation amongst CSR dimensions (ethical and economic) intervened by brand image. Data were collected, from 212 hotels based in Pakistan, and the research model was analyzed by employing the PLS-SEM technique. The statistical findings show that both CSR dimensions (economic and ethical) positively impact firm performances whereas brand image acts a strong mediator among CSR dimensions and customer satisfaction
Assessing Temperature Variations in Punjab, Pakistan Using Mann Kendall Trend Analysis and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) for Spatial Interpolation
Get PDFThis study is an effort to identify the temperature inconsistency in Punjab, Pakistan, by using advanced statistical techniques on temperature records of last 20 years, from 1998 to 2017. In this research temporal and spatial temperature record of mean monthly extreme and least surface air temperature records of 14 meteorological stations in the Punjab Pakistan were inspected for progressive trends and spatial variation distributions. Linear trends are calculated with Sen’s slope approximation procedure and Mann Kendall test, while the spatial distributions and regional variations across the Punjab were envisioned using spatial tendency maps and interpolation with Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW). Annual temperature rise was found to be most noticeable in the southern and south eastern parts of the Punjab