European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (ES)
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The Social Impact of Substance Abuse on Males livelihood in Punjab, Pakistan
Get PDFSubstance abuse is a dependence on a legal or illegal drug or medication. Substance abuse is a worldwide growing problematic situation and one of the major problems affecting male livelihood. During the phase of addiction, a person is unable to control his drug intakes and usually continues to use drugs regardless of the harm it causes. This study was designed to explore the impacts of substance use on male’s livelihood. This study has carried out in two districts of Punjab. A sample of 400 respondents was drawn to explore the study goals using a conducive sampling technique. In order to evaluate the research sample, descriptive (frequency distribution) and inferential (chi-square) statistics were enforced. The research discovered that 38.0 percent of the substance abusers were up to 25 years of age while 40.5 percent of addicts were nuclear family members. Approximately 49.5 % and 48.8 % were unmarried and married respectively. Various factors such as nuclear family structure, bigger family size and low level of education play a significant role in drug abusers’ lives. The study concluded that drug use leads to domestic violence, the alliance between drug use, unemployment and poverty is also clear; drug users’ family members said that 60 percent of consumers who were employed before drugs had afterwards lost their jobs. Furthermore, almost 50 percent of the family members interviewed said that they had been forced by drug consumers to borrow money as a result of drug and almost 70 percent said that they had confronted financial complications as a result of that drug use. It is suggested that peer groups and family behaviors affected the livelihood of substance abusers
Socio-Economic Factors Affecting the Family Size
Get PDFThis study was conducted to explore the socio-economic factor responsible for family size in the six most populous country of the world, Pakistan. Family size refers to the number of children acceptable in a particular society and aligned with societal norms. It can vary from society to society. Increase in population has always been a challenge in Pakistan. Moreover, literate people prefer small family size compared to the illiterate people. Major objective of this cross sectional quantitative study was to examine the socio-economic factors affecting the family size. Multistage sampling technique was used to draw out the sample of 384 workers from small industrial estate of Gujranwala and interview schedule was used to collect data. Statistical analysis of data was made by using SPSS. The study concluded that age of husband, education of couple, and their monthly household income were significantly associated with family size. The results also elaborated that family size was small in educated couples particularly among businessmen, government servants and large in illiterate poor families
A Study for Validity of Multifactor Asset Pricing Models for Pakistan Stock Exchange
Get PDFThis study contributes to the literature extension on two widely studied multifactor models of asset pricing through testing the (Fama &French, 1993) 3-factor model and the (Carhart, 1997) 4-factor model for Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). The objective of this study is to test the validity of Fama & French 3-factor model and Carhart 4-factor model for the period of July 2012 to June 2018 for a sample of 98 companies listed in Pakistan Stock Exchange. The similar methodology of Fama & French (1993) is used for portfolio formation and 6 portfolios are formed and their value weighted excess returns are used as dependent variables. The regression results of Fama & French 3-factor model indicate its validity in explaining stock return variation but with insignificant intercept values. The Carhart 4-factor model regression results are also similar to that of Fama & French 3-factor and show no noticeable increase in the explanatory power of model by adding the momentum factor. Hence, from the results presented in the study it can be concluded that both size and value factors exist in PSX but do not favor the existence of momentum factor indicating less responsiveness of market towards this factor. Thus, from adjusted R2 and F values, both the models were found valid and can be used to explain the stock return variations
Influence of Social Exchange Relationship and Work Engagement on Creative Work Involvement: Mediation of Individual Innovative Behavior
Get PDFThe study probed the effect of social exchange relationship and work engagement on creative work involved with the assistance of mediation of individual innovative behavior of employees on work. Responses to a survey of 450 employees from the different service sector were used to the study hypotheses. Correlation and regression were done to see the impact of work engagement on employees’ creativity and individual innovative behavior with the assistance of social exchange relationship. This study shows the significant relation between social exchange relationship and creative work involvement. It also shows that employees should be provided with the resources so that they can perform well and also to be appreciated for their novel ideas which help the organization to progress. Individual innovative behavior also mediates connection among leader-member exchange and creative work involvement
Association between Derivative Usage, Risk Management and Value of Firms: A Systematic Review
Get PDFThere is a deficiency of consent on the role of derivative usage, risk management and value of firm. This review study investigates that whether the derivative usage minimizes the risk exposure of firms and whether derivative usage increases the value of firms. In addition this review study also investigates that whether the derivative usage minimizes the financial risk and foreign exchange risk of firms. This review study covers 46 quantitative studies which were published during the period of 2000 to 2018. The main findings of this review study are, firstly; the derivative practices are associated with minimization of overall risk of firms, secondly; usage of derivative practice reduce the risk between financial matters of firms, thirdly; the derivative practices are associated with risk reduction of foreign exchange rate volatility and fourthly; the value of firm is increased by the usage of derivatives. Future directions for researches are suggested
Domestic Violence against Women: Statistical Analysis and Legislative Solutions
Get PDFViolence against women contains many facets and beating wives is one of the most prevalent in Pakistan. The issue has been justified on state and private social level based upon religious and social arguments. Women empowerment and equal protection before law is guaranteed on both constitutional and legislative levels but effective implementation of these laws to gain equal living standards to wives is still a far cry. This paper aims to study the issue at different levels. It will define the domain of issue by statistical analysis based upon data provided by United Nation Global Data Base on violence against women and will probe into factors hindering the enforcement of state aspirations to protect women from violence at family level
Human Development: A Comparative Analysis in Democratic vs. Autocratic Regimes of Pakistan
Get PDFHuman development is a topic that is one of the main agenda of the today’s world as well as for policy makers. This study is an effort to explore further this dimension by employing time series data over the span of 36 years from year 1980 to 2015 for Pakistan. We used Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) techniques for long and short run empirical analysis to compare the autocratic and democratic regimes in context of human development. Moreover, an index for inclusive growth is constructed by combining multi variables and then its relation with human development is established. It is found that autocracy and trade openness could not improve the level of human development in the country
Study of Effects of ICT on Professional Development of Teachers at University Level
Get PDFInformation and communication technology (ICT) has brought revolutionary changes to enhance professional development of teachers. At present several ICT related instructional devices like computers, smart phones, laptops, tablets, LCD, multimedia and projectors are used in classrooms for making more attractive and productive teaching and learning process. The objectives of the study were to explore perceptions of teachers regarding use of information communication technology and to find out the effects of ICT for improving teachers’ professional development at university level. The study was descriptive type survey in nature. Simple random sampling technique was adopted for sample selection. All public and private educational institutions providing higher education of central Punjab were the population of the study. The sample of the study comprised of 90 faculty members, 120 students and 12 heads of different departments were selected on random basis. A self-developed questionnaire for faculty members, students and structured interview schedule for heads of departments were administered for collection of desired information. Data analysis was carried out by using percentage, mean score and standard deviation. The results of the study revealed that ICT has positive effects on enhancing professional development of teachers. It was found that university teachers were facing many difficulties in preparing their lectures with technological innovations and utilization of ICT in classrooms. The study recommended that ICT related refresher courses may be organized to improve professional development of academician
Supervision Support and Turnover Intension: Impact of Employee’s Training in Banking Sector of Pakistan
Get PDFThis paper aims to study, how employee’s turnover intension is affected by its independent variables. This paper examines the moderating effect of supervision support on the connection between availability of training and turnover intension in banking sector. The literature review provides the framework for the conceptual model and hypotheses. Data was gathered through self-conducted questionnaire from the listed banks. This is design specially for banking sector. Almost 300questionnaires were spread among managerial and non-managerial employees; out of whom 205 were collect and usable for future proceedings. For data analysis CFA and AMOS were used. The findings from this study were that turnover intension is highly affected by availability of training and motivation to learn. There was a strong effect of supervision support on this relationship. This study can also replicate to other services sectors such as education and air-line departments. We will conduct future research on different determinants which influence turnover intention among the employees at different levels in different sectors. Supervision support played the moderating role and affects the turnover intension in banking sector and increase the support to motivate the employees for training. This study practically could be beneficial in banking sector to build strong relation towards organization
Waste Water Production in Fabric Processing in Bangladesh
Get PDFTextile industry is one of the fastest growing industries and significantly contributes to the economic growth in different developing countries like Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Srilanka, Vietnam etc. At the same time, this industry has high water consumption (one of the most water consuming industries) and subsequently produces a large amount of waste water containing high load of contaminants. Such waste water may be environmentally hazardous because of many toxic substances including lead, mercury, and arsenic, etc. This paper reviews the current scenario of water consumption by the textile industries in Bangladesh. It has also identified the quantity of consumed water in different textile processing and the amount of textile waste effluent, characteristics of this effluent and its effect on the environment are reviewed in details. In this study, some of the data have been collected from the online journals and experimental data has been collected from a textile dyeing manufacturing industry (Interstoff Apparels Ltd., 1703-Gazipur, Bangladesh). Besides, total consumption of water on different activities and fabric processing have been shown and analyzed. The result of this study gives a clear idea that different internal activities are also responsible for a huge amount of water consumption in a textile industry. At the end, some recommendations have been suggested which can be applied in the reduction of water usage in textile footprint