European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (ES)
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In Pursuit of Inclusive Institutional Growth: A Comparative Pattern of Selected Asian Countries
Get PDFThe study compares less developed countries (LDCs) with middle developed countries (MDCs) in the retrospect of Inclusive growth embracement. Fixed effect and random effect (FEM) have been employed to compare the both data sets of countries and then based upon results, policies have been formulated which could accelerate inclusive growth in LDCs. Results suggest that growth acceleration and institutions alone doesn’t have a significant impact on inclusive growth. On the other hand, if growth acceleration occurs in the presence of institutions, it leads to inclusive growth in MDCs& LDCs. Except for health quality, no independent variable has significant impact on inclusive growth in LDCs. Whereas, nearly all independent variables showed significant impact on inclusive growth in MDCs. Unlike MDCs, inclusive growth remains impervious in LDCs, particularly owing to the poor quality of education. Weak institutional structure further adds to the miseries of LDCs. The study suggests that LDCs are trapped at only necessary condition of inclusive growth i.e. GDP per capita income growth. If they wish to achieve high inclusive growth, they must also take care of sufficient condition of inclusive growth i.e. change in their institutional structure. This could be done by following the leading variables to inclusive growth; which includes primarily expansion in Health and educational quality
Impact of Health on Labour Productivity: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan
Get PDFHealth status has been given wide spread weight age across many Sustainable Development Goals. This study would reinforce its significance by quantifying the impact of health status on workers’ productivity in Pakistan. The current study attempts to examine the role of health status on workers’ productivity by employing Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach by Pesaran and Shin (1999) and Pesaran et al. (2001) using data from 1980 to 2010 for Pakistan. It has been found that 1% improvement in health status would result in around 13.39% rise in worker productivity. The coefficient of education is positively related to worker productivity at 1% level of significance and indicates that worker productivity will increase by 0.18% due 1% increase in education. Inflation has negative relationship with worker productivity whereas the association between worker productivity and Foreign Direct Investment, being proxy of technology transfer, is positive but statistically insignificant which shows that technology transfer has no effect on productivity in case of Pakistan. Education and experience have often been observed as determinants of worker productivity in empirical analysis of Pakistan. However, this study is a first endeavor to quantify the impact of health status upon worker’s productivity for Pakistan
The Dynamics of the Relationship between Stock Market Development and Economic Growth in Zambia
Get PDFStock market activities assume a crucial role in determining the level of economic activities in both developing and developed economies, by effectively facilitating capital for investment, providing a proper stage to incite best corporate practices that will bring about growing investment and hence leading to a rise in the growth rate of the economy. In this regard, this study sought to empirically examine the dynamic relationship between stock market development and economic growth in Zambia. Using vector autoregressive (VAR) model and Granger causality test on quarterly time series data spanning 1996Q1-2015Q4, the study discovered that there existed a unidirectional causality running from market capitalisation to economic growth. By including certain macroeconomic variables as control variables, it was rather found that fluctuations in economic growth have significant predictive impacts on the current market capitalisation. The study further found that with the exception of inflation, changes in the level of money supply and foreign direct investment have no impacts on economic growth in Zambia
Islamic Versus Conventional Mutual Funds Performance in Pakistan; Comparative Analysis Through Performance Measures and DEA Approach
Get PDFIslamic mutual funds are different from conventional mutual funds because both have different characteristics. Islamic mutual funds act upon the Shariah guidelines and rules. This study investigates the performance of Islamic and conventional mutual funds for the period of 8 years from January 01, 2010 to December 2017. For the purpose of analysis 30 Islamic mutual funds and 30 conventional mutual funds are selected as sample of the study. Study evaluates the performance of Islamic and conventional mutual funds based on different ratios like Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio and Jensen Alphen along with data envelopment analysis technique. Sharpe and Teynor ratios of Islamic mutual funds are higher than the conventional mutual funds which shows the better performance of Islamic mutual fund as compared to conventional mutual funds. Whereas the results of Jenson Alpha showed opposing results with Treynor and Sharpe ratios in which the value of Jenson Alpha of Islamic mutual fund is lower than conventional mutual funds. Results of data envelopment analysis showed higher efficiency of Islamic mutual funds as compared to conventional mutual funds. Ultimately, it is concluded that financial performance of Islamic mutual funds is superior as compared to conventional mutual funds in Pakistani mutual fund market for the period of 2010 to 2017
Exploring the Influences of Social Media Advertising of Purchase Intention on Purchase Intention: A Test of Electronic Word of Mouth as a Mediator in Pakistan
Get PDFThe research aimed at analysis of the impacts of Social media advertising in creating the positive E-WOM of fast food purchase intentions for consumers in Pakistan. The objectives of the research are to evaluate the relationships of social media advertising with electronic word of mouth and purchase intention of fast food in Pakistan. The sample size of this particular research is around 384 consumers which are decided as per the guidance of Krejcie and Morgan (1970), but only 340 received survey questionnaire are included in the research. Moreover, the regression and correlation analysis are applied to analyze the collected data. The findings of the research validated the stated assumptions that SMA has a significant and positive relationship with both electronic word of mouth and purchases intention. Future research implications of the study increase the ability to manage electronic word of mouth of the fast food brands successfully with right content and generating positive attitudes to affect the purchase intentions of the consumers of fast food in Pakistan. So that, electronic word of mouth content can create information on social media that can influence purchase intentions of fast food consumers
Communicating Business Ethics: The Role of Ethics in the Millennial Entrepreneur’s Decision to Start a Business
Get PDFThis review paper is an integration and extension of the existing knowledge on Business ethics regarding the perception of entrepreneurs belonging to the Millennial Generation and its role in their decision- making process while establishing a new business. Using the available body of literature, this study aims to determine whether business ethics is perceived as an integral part of the decision-making process of the Millennial Generation. Millennials is the most recent and largest workforce of today and includes those born between 1980 and 1990. This study starts with general discussion on business ethics and its relation with age, followed by a review of ethics for entrepreneurs and the Millennials. This review revealed that although majority of Millennials consider business ethics as a vital component of business, however, all of them have not included the business ethics yet prior to start a new business in their decision making
Does Women Risk Averse in Ownership Behavior: Myth or Reality?
Get PDFThe study aims to explore the impact of female ownership (FO) of financial behavior measured by three dimensions: financial performance (FPER), risk taking behavior (RTB) and stock performance (SPER). Secondary data of sixty Pakistani companies for the period of 2011-17 are collected. Multiple regressions are applied to analyze the data. The findings reveal that Female ownership (FO) has negative (positive) linkage with FPER (RTB) respectively. However, the findings are vice versa in case of female primary ownership (FPO) with same independent variables. The finding of the study is very significant regarding the behavior of women in the context of ownership. FO (FPO) shows indirect (direct) significant effect on financial behavior vice versa to RTB
Impact of Abusive Supervision on Organizational Citizenship Behavior with the Mediating Role of Organizational Justice: A Study of Individuals Working in Private Sector Firms of Pakistan
Get PDFThis study examines the result of the effect of Abusive Supervision (AB) on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) with the mediating role of Organizational Justice (OJ). Data were collected from individuals working in the private sector firms of Pakistan. A total of 275 questionnaires were distributed among respondents. To test the proposed hypotheses, the technique of structural equation modeling was used. AMOS-22 was used for the analysis and the results affirmed the direct and indirect effects of the Abusive supervision on the Organizational Citizenship Behavior along with the significant effect of partial mediation. It is evident from the results that perceived organizational justice strongly mediates the relationship between abusive supervision and organizational citizenship behavior. In addition, this study furnishes several future directions for academic scholars and practitioners
Trademark and WHO: A Legal Battle for Human Health
Get PDFTobacco use remained the basic and leading cause of deaths of approximately 5.4 million people in the world per year and it is expected to increase more than 8 million people by 2030 if the tobacco consumption remains constant. WHO/FCTC is a very recent initiative by WHO which aims to reduce tobacco use by giving awareness to general public about the harmful effects of the tobacco use on health and environment and its terrible impacts on economy. The aims and objectives of plain packaging are to reduce tobacco use and to save world from the devastating effects of tobacco use. It has been proved that plain packaging is an effective, inexpensive and powerful tool to dispel the effect of advertisements and show the ultimate truth about its use. The health warnings in shape of images call upon the emotional response and lead the tobacco consumer to reduce or quit the tobacco use. All activities on tobacco packages which promote tobacco use by any mean, whether they are trademarks, logos, colour scheme or graphics are banned. The clash between the plain packaging and the trademark is that, the plain packaging distressed two main functions of trademark and hinders the right of the tobacco industry to use their trademark and take due benefit thereof. At the first hand, the plain packaging may jeopardize the function of a trademark to indicate its trade origin. Now on the one hand is welfare of the people and on the other hand sanctity of trademark law which ensure the welfare of the traders. Which principle of law would bifurcate their interest in just and fare manners
Leadership and Educational Excellence through Mediating Role of Total Quality Management Implementation: An Empirical Evidence from Higher Education Institutes
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between leadership and educational excellence with the mediating effect of total quality management. The data was collected from the private sector higher education institutes of Lahore. Questionnaire-based survey was used to collect data from 150 respondents comprising of students’, teachers’ and non-academic administration from six private sectors higher educational institutes of Lahore. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. Results reveal that leadership positively influences educational excellence in the higher education institutes whereas, this mechanism is partially supported considering total quality management as the mediating variable. This study is novel and has implications for the higher education institution