European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (ES)
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Effects of Innovations on Margins of International Trade: Evidence with Firm Level Data of Selected South Asian Countries
Get PDFIn an increasingly globalized world, firms and countries are continuously striving for export competitiveness to increase their export shares in international markets. This study investigates the effects of different types of innovations on extensive and intensive margins of exports by using data of manufacturing firms operating in four South Asian countries. We use the probit, and fractional response model as estimation techniques. The results of the study reveal that process, management, and marketing innovations have positive and statistically significant effects on both extensive and intensive margins of exports. These results suggest that South Asian countries should facilitate firms to engage in innovative activities which provide a sustainable, competitive advantage for firms in international market
Relationship between Job Burnout, Interpersonal Conflicts and Intentions to Leave
Get PDFDeficiency of nurses is one of the very prominent issues in many countries. A high turnover rate among nurses is contributing to the deficit; interpersonal conflicts, job burnout, and intentions to leave. All these have been identified as the predictors of nurses’ turnover. The evidence demonstrates that the working conditions for nurses certainly influence nurses’ interpersonal conflicts, burnout and intentions to leave. From the best of the researchers knowledge the relationship of these variables in a single model has not been investigated worldwide. For investigating the mediating role of job burnout in the relationship between interpersonal conflicts and intentions, a cross-sectional research design was utilized in this study. The data was collected from 232 nurses of public and private teaching hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. Three standardized scales were used: the Interpersonal Conflicts Scale, the Job Burnout Scale and the Intentions to leave Scale. The nurses working in the hospitals with less intentions to leave have significantly less interpersonal conflicts and job burnout. Moreover, job burnout partially mediates the relationship of interpersonal conflicts and intentions to leave. Results of demographic data show that number of female nurses is overwhelmingly more with none from top level management. The nurses’ intentions to leave are a significant concern. They can be facilitated by reducing the nurses’ interpersonal conflicts and job burnout in Pakistani teaching hospitals. Interpersonal conflicts and ‘intentions to leave’ partially mediate job burnout. Reducing interpersonal conflicts for nurses may decrease burnout and intentions to leave. Hence, focusing on these research outcomes, it is likely to retain nurses in the hospitals. This research may help policymakers and health managers to minimize interpersonal conflicts and job burnout. They can make policies to employ more women especially men in nursing profession to overcome the shortage. They may also encourage the nursing staff to compete for top level management. Future research can be extended beyond interpersonal conflicts, job burnout and intentions to leav
Empirical Study of the Impact of Brand Name on Market Performance through Sustainable Competitive Advantage and Brand Loyalty as Moderator in Pakistani Context
Get PDFThis research examined the impact of sustainability based marketing asset (e.g., brand name) on market performance through the sustainable competitive advantage and with the moderating effect of brand loyalty. The data was collected from 360 respondents who were customers of hotels/restaurants, on likert scale from 1= strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree that was used to empirically test the hypotheses. Primarily the current research is carried out to know the relationship among the brand name, brand loyalty, sustainable competitive advantage and market performance in Pakistani hotel/restaurants industry. The current research is conducted through questionnaire-based survey from individuals who were the customers of hotel/restaurants in Pakistan. Structural equation modeling technique is adopted through AMOS version 23. The results of the research show that sustainable competitive advantage partially mediates the relationship between brand name and market performance and brand loyalty moderates the relationship between sustainable competitive advantage and market performance. The results of this research are beneficial for the service industry and help the marketers in formulating their marketing strategies to attract the more and more customers toward service industry. In addition, according to researcher knowledge sustainable competitive advantage was not studied as a mediator between sustainability-based marketing asset (e.g., brand name) and market performance and brand loyalty as a moderator between sustainable competitive advantage and market performance before this study
The Role of Work Engagement in Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Job Performance in Banking Sector of Lahore (Pakistan)
Get PDFThis study investigates an underlying mechanism that clarifies the connection between transformational leadership and job performance. Specifically, it explores the mediating role of work engagement in a relationship between transformational leadership and job performance. Banking sector of Lahore (Pakistan) has been considered as target population. Different bank's branches were selected randomly for conducting the research. Overall 200 questionnaires were distributed. 170 questionnaires were used for analysis. The results of Correlation analysis show positive relationship between transformational leadership, work engagement and job performance. Moreover work engagement partially mediates the link between transformational leadership and job performance. Due to a shortage of budget, the sample of the paper is kept low, and only a few banks were taken into account, and the numbers of the questionnaire were limited. The target population of the study is only banking sector and all other sectors like textile sector, the education sector, and telecommunication sector remain to be unexplored. This study provides information for banking sector of Lahore (Pakistan) managers about why and under what circumstances employees perform the ways they do in the view of discussed variables
Assessing Volatility Modelling using three Error Distributions
Get PDFThe current study focuses on estimating the volatility of stock returns in the presence of flat tails error distribution (i.e. asymmetry of the distribution) which a traditional generalized auto-regressive conditional heteroscedasticity GARCH model usually fails to explain. The study, unlike the previous studies, compares three sets of error distributions for GARCH (1, 1) model of stock returns. The three sets of error distributions used for comparing the predictive ability of GARCH (1, 1) model are –Gaussian (normal distribution), student’s t and generalized error distribution (GED). Eviews software was used for analyzing a time series data of Flying cement stock shares consisting of 245 days of in sample and 15 days of out-of-sample data. To compare the forecasting capability of three models root mean square (RMSE) and Theil’s Inequality Coefficient (TIC) were used. Akaike information criterion (AIC), the Schwarz information criterion (SIC), Hannan, and Quin (HQ) information criteria were examined for selection of a suitable model for capturing volatility of stock returns in the presence of symmetrical and asymmetrical distributions. Results of the study revealed that GARCH (1, 1) with GED is the best model for capturing the volatility of stock returns of Flying Cement Industry. Results of the present study will provide a stimulus to academia and practitioners for incorporating asymmetry aspect of the distribution in future prediction and capturing volatility of stock returns
Nutraceutical Exploration of Wild Edible Fruits of District Tor Ghar, Nothern Pakistan
Get PDFThe present study deals with the exploration of wild edible fruits consumed by indigenous tribes in district Tor Ghar for curing different ailments. Wild edible fruits are potential source of nutrition and medicine. This is the first ethno-nutraceutical investigation of wild edible fruits of Tor Ghar. Local wisdom was interrogated by group discussions and semi structured interviews to assess the role of wild fruits in healthcare system of the region. Informants were randomly selected from five tribes of the district. It was found that the wild fruits have a great socioeconomic significance owing to their high nutritional and medicinal values. In the current study thirty eight wild edible fruits belonging to 29 genera and 22 families were documented for their ethno-nutraceutical importance. The study also revealed that general body weakness and digestive disorders are mostly cured by consuming wild edible fruits. The highest number of wild edible fruits belong to family Rosaceae (8 plant species). Popularity of wild edible plants among different tribes of Tor Ghar was assessed quantitatively by a statistical relation Fidelity level %age. Fidelity level index shows values for each species in descending order from Jugalans regia( 74.4%) to Buxus wallichiana (17.4%). The most popular wild edible fruit species was found Jugalans regia that scores highest fidelity level value
An Investigation of the Relationship between Compulsory Citizenship Behaviour and Psychological Withdrawal
Get PDFThis study used Lazarus and Folkman’s stress and coping theory to develop and test a model of the way employees’ cope with compulsory citizenship behavior at workplace. The model identifies psychological withdrawal as an emotion focused coping behavior. Factor analysis and linear regression were used to analyze the data collected from 368 clerical staff working in four large universities of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Analysis found that employees who experienced frequent compulsory citizenship behavior used psychological withdrawal to cope with it. This study contributes to the limited research on compulsory citizenship behavior at work. Recommendations for future research and implications are discussed
The Impact of Parents' Education on Child Health from the perspective of Demographic and Health Survey
Get PDFThe prevalence of underweight at 31 % and stunting at 44 % among under 5 children indicates poor child health situation in Pakistan. Although many significant covariates of malnutrition have been outlined in past studies, most of them do not signify parents’ education as a composite factor to affect child malnutrition. Hence, this research will investigate the impact of parents’ education on malnutrition, controlling for other socio-demographic and behavioral confounders. This study will construct logistical regression modeling using an analytical framework for empirical analysis using a data set of 3199 selected mothers produced birth cards at the survey time, retrieved from the latest Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2012-13. Among empirical outcomes, parents’ education, household economic rank and environmental settings have significant influence on underweight and stunted infants. The interesting point is that likelihood of stunting growth is relatively less reduced than that of underweight growth when one parent with secondary and second with primary level of education, but, underweight hazard is decreased little less as only one parent is with primary level of education comparing with stunting risk. Highly educated parents have similar likelihood of acute and chronic malnutrition. Rich households appeared little more effective to cause stunted kids than underweight ones. Furthermore, moderate environment setting significantly generates a higher risk of underweight relative to stunting hazard for the kids. These outcomes suggest that parents’ education should be targeted in the public health policies to scale up child nutrition in both time span
Predicting Revisit Intention of Commuters: A Case Study of Private Bus Company in Pakistan
Get PDFPresent research tends to explore the impact of service quality and relationship switching cost on revisiting intention. This scrutiny is quantitative in nature that has explored new dimensions of service quality designed public transportation industry. Specifically, revisit intention is taken as main contributor in this study based on commuter satisfaction. In Pakistan, intercity bus service has become competitive market after improvement in road structure and economic globalization. This study considered Daewoo Express Bus Service (Pakistan). Data was collected from 167 commuters that travel through private bus services. All proposed hypotheses were supported. Thus, study unraveled several managerial implications such as private bus services should increase service quality by providing them choices about internal environment of buses. Moreover, it’s not a wise decision by removing services to reduce expenses/cost to earn profits. This led intentions for commuters to switch as Daewoo is an educated professional’s choice of traveling, therefore new tools of commuter retentions are required to maintain their brand meaning
Exploring the Effects of Globalization on Social Development: A Study of Punjab, Pakistan
Get PDFGlobalization is a multidimensional concept that relates to the various aspects of life such as social, cultural, political and economic. The social perspective of globalization means an exchange of cultural values and ideas that contribute to the global culture. However, it is still unclear to decide, whether globalization brings various communities close to each other or creates a gap between them. Although, globalization relates to better living standards of people but also leaves some negative impact on their social life. Therefore, the present research aimed to investigate the relationship between globalization and social developments of Pakistan. A household survey from 480 respondents was conducted from three districts of Punjab, Pakistan by using the multi-stage sampling technique. The analysis shows that globalization has introduced the new trends in the education, health and economic domain. The overall findings show that globalization has a positive correlation with the social development of Pakistan