European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (ES)
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Sustainable Development through Financial Inclusion: The Use of Financial Services and Barriers in Quetta-Pakistan
Get PDFFor sustainable development, financial services including interest, deposits, E-commerce, and access to finance should be available to everyone in the society, especially to the marginalized groups. This research is utilizing a questionnaire to identify the level of financial inclusion, use of financial services, and barriers in Quetta-Pakistan. The results suggest that access to a bank account, awareness, and level of satisfaction with banking services is high showing efficient performance by banks, but the utilization of these services is very low. It is also observed that people are availing only basic services. The banking sector failed to provide other services like interest, credits, insurances, e-commerce, and investment. Even the deposit function was availed because of mandatory conditions from the employer for salary. The level of financial resilience is low. The highest self-reported barrier to the use of bank account was illiteracy, language problems, and religious reasons. This research has a policy implication for industry participants and the government to play an important role in increasing the level of financial inclusion
Teaching of Phonics and Fluency in Improving Reading Abilities at Primary Level: Multan Pakistan
Get PDFThe present study aimed to classify that how different strategies of phonic teachings have potential influence in students' reading abilities and to explore how instructions regarding the sounds of letters aid pupils for pronouncing words more correctly in 5th grade at University Model School Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan Pakistan. The action research design was adopted for this study. (N=20) A pre-test was developed to study their current status of students' mind about identify the current situation of phonics and fluency in reading. The pre-test and posttest were based on 15 difficult words from three chapters of their English textbook. Pre-test results identified that students were not good at reading. After getting the pre-test results, the researcher developed one-week-long teaching based activities to enhance their fluency in reading, through different teaching materials. After the session, the researcher conducted the posttest (same test) to check their improvements in reading. In findings, a clear difference in results was identified between pre and posttest. It was found that student's awareness and fluency in reading can be improved through different teaching strategies
An Assessment of the Consumption Function for Iran
Get PDFIn this study, the real private consumption model for Iran was estimated by applying yearly data from 1990 to 2018. The ARDL method is used to assess short-term and long-term relationships between private consumption, labor income, interest rate, wealth, and unemployment rate. According to long-term estimates, income and wealth determine the actual consumption in Iran. However, in the short run, current incomes, wealth, real interest rates, and the unemployment rate are the key determinants of private consumption in Iran. The dynamic of the consumption function shows that all the factors of consumption i.e. real disposable income, wealth, and unemployment rate, real interest rate, have a noteworthy effect on aggregate consumption. The minor and significant coefficient of wealth indicates that the consumption decision is weakly affected by wealth. It provides evidence of the validity of AIH for Iran
(Review Article*) South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation: The Role of India in South Asia
No full textSouth Asia is a diverse region of the Asian continent which represents very asymmetrical characteristics with regard to size, population and economy. Regional cooperative initiatives like SAARC stands unavoidable and significant in the region due to the lingering legacies of the regions colonial past, leaky troubled borders, ethnic and religious divergences and economic incongruence. SAARC was initiated with hopes which pave the way for a revitalizing dialogue on contentious security issues. But till date, progress has been glacial because the Indo-Pakistan security enigma has resisted solution. On the other hand, India’s relations with the other countries of South Asia are less fraught, although not without friction. India, the region’s dominant state shall repair relations with neighbourhood countries and become a net provider of public goods and work diligently. In South Asia, operational cooperation has to be supplemented with cautious enrichment of policy designed to enhance security-driven concerns. Thus, a double-edged process by which non-security cooperation goes hand in hand with a political dialogue on security matters is the only way to resuscitate the conked regional integration process
Branded Entertainment: A New Avenue Shaping Brand Equity and Sales
Get PDFOver the decades social media has gained a crucial place in marketing mix of brands. Owing to the visual appeal of fashion industry social media serves as a suitable advertising tool. The current study used case study research design to investigate the influence of branded entertainments marketing strategies on brands equity and sales. Gul Ahmed fashion clothing brand was selected as a single case for this article. Content based data was collected in the duration of eight months and then categorized. On the whole 432 Facebook, 732 Instagram and 90 Twitter posts were analyzed. The results of social media marketing were related with the Gul Ahmed’s financial information regarding equity and sales. Our results have shown raised sales, brand equity and stability in financial assets as a result of employing correct business promotional strategies. A gradual increase in brand equity can be seen in 2016 onwards owing to the influence of latest marketing technologies. Similarly, brand regained strength in 2017 by showing an increase of 24% in sales. Regular updates and attractive appearance on social media has brought out full potential by gaining profitable results
Relationship between Organizational Benefits and Employee Job Engagement
Get PDFCurrent research explores the association of components of organizational benefits i.e. employee empowerment and employee compensation with employee job engagement. The current investigation does not only discover the relationship of these variables with employee job engagement but at the micro level this study incorporates the actual concept of employee job engagement (Khan 1990 model) i.e. physical engagement, emotional engagement and cognitive engagement. A designed questionnaire with 23 items was utilized for collection of primary data. 312 fully completed questionnaires were utilized in the final analysis. Results of current research validate that employee empowerment has low positive impact on employee job engagement and employee compensation has a prominent positive influence on employee job engagement. The result reports that employee empowerment has a minor positive effect on physical engagement. Additionally, employee compensation benefits have remarkable effect on physical engagement. Results impart that employee empowerment has a positive but very insignificant effect on emotional engagement. Employee compensation benefits have a positive momentous effect on emotional engagement. Lastly the influence of employee empowerment and Compensation Benefits on cognitive engagement demonstrates that both variables have a predominant influence on cognitive engagement
Geographical Evaluation of Socio-economic Condition of Sargodha City to Measure Urban Poverty
Get PDFThe current study presents the socio economic conditions of people of Sargodha city to analyze the urban poverty level. Research was accomplished during the year of 2016-2018. Urban poverty is a burning social issue in world when a person do not succeeds to carry out his family needs and wants. A survey was conducted in eleven different colonies and 188 households were visited. Poverty level was scrutinized according to international poverty line less than 1 Dollar per day. During the field survey it was perceived that 17 percent of the households have income of less than 1 Dollar per day and they were real poor. Different parameters were examined like slums, dependency ratio, income, transportation, drinking water scheme, sewerage system and literacy rate. These parameters have compared with poverty to analyze the affordability and living condition of people. It was examined that there were several reasons for poverty in city like unemployment / low income, less education, high dependency ratio etc. Most of the people have large families but low income due to not as much of education and more dependent people in households. It was also suggested that Government should make better living conditions for people by providing technical skills to uneducated person to diminish unemployment and should advance the sanitation problems for better lifestyle
Financial Statements Manipulations Using Beneish Model and Probit Regression Model. A Case of Banking Sector in Kenya
Get PDFThe main objective of the study was to establish whether the banks in Kenya were involved in financial statement manipulations. The study involved all the banks registered and operating in Kenya and whose financial statements are published for public consumption. Beneish five-variable model was first used to categorize the banks as likely non-manipulators and likely manipulators. The probit regression model was used to determine non-manipulators and manipulators based on the averages derived from non-manipulators using Beneish five-variable model. The results obtained showed that 78.8% of all banks were not involved in financial statement manipulations while 21.2% were involved in financial statement manipulations. The study concluded that some banks that were involved in financial statement manipulations. The study recommended that both internal and control auditors should compute individual indices to determine whether the preparers of financial statements were involved in manipulations. Further it was recommended that the organizations should enhance and strengthen the ICS to seal the loopholes utilized in financial statement manipulations
Proteomic and Biochemical Characterisation of F. nucleatum Outer Membrane Vesicle
Get PDFFusobacterium nucleatum, a gram-negative spindle-shaped anaerobic bacterium, is a component of the human microbiome that primarily inhabits the oral cavity and is associated with many diseases, including sinusitis, tonsillitis, urinary tract infection, and inflammatory bowel disease. Recent research demonstrates an association between the presence of this bacterium and colorectal carcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the ability of this bacterium and its outer membrane vesicles (OMV) to modulate colonic cell function. Like other gram-negative bacteria, F. nucleatum produce OMV, but little is known about how they interact with host tissue. To investigate the potential role of these structures in the host-pathogen interaction the OMV were purified, proteomically characterised and their interaction with colonic cells investigated. In this regard, the mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis revealed the presence of several biologically active proteases which appeared to be selectively enriched in the OMV. In addition, many other proteins with documented or likely roles in F. nucleatum-mediated pathogenesis were identified. OMV impaired the barrier function of model colonic epithelial monolayers, in part by degrading the tight junctional protein (E-cadherin), which supports the hypothesis that these nanostructures likely make a significant contribution to the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal disease in susceptible individuals. However, more studies are required to identify the exact mechanisms of F. nucleatum OMV that associated with colorectal cancer
Developing an Understanding of Teaching Philosophy of Islamic Education at School Level in Pakistan and Austria: A Comparative Study
Get PDFA comparative content analysis of textbooks of Islamic education at school level in Austrian society and in a society with strong position of Islam is the major objective of the study. Thematic analysis with deductive way of coding is used to analyze the content of text books of Islamic education to be taught in the public sector schools and for the data collected through interviews from administrative body, curriculum developers, head teachers and teachers teaching Islamic education and Muslim community in Austria and Pakistan. Objectives of the study are to determine the philosophy of teaching Islamic education from 1st to 5th class in public sector schools in Austria and Pakistan. Population of the study is comprised of administrative body of Islamic Religious Authority of Austria (Islamische Glaubensgemeinschaft in Österreich), teachers of Islamic education working with schools of Islamic Religious Authority of Austria (Islamische Glaubensgemeinschaft in Österreich), Muslim community living in Vienna as well as textbooks of Islamic education to be taught at elementary school level in Vienna. While, administrative body of School Education Department, Punjab and head teachers and teachers teaching Islamic studies at public sector school level in Punjab Province of Pakistan was focus of the study. In the study, convenient sampling is used for administrative body of Islamic Religious Authority of Austria (Islamische Glaubensgemeinschaft in Österreich), teachers of Islamic studies teaching in schools of Islamic Religious Authority of Austria (Islamische Glaubensgemeinschaft in Österreich), administrative body of School Education Department, Punjab Province, and curriculum developers of Curriculum Wing, Islamabad, head teachers and teachers in schools of Punjab Province of Pakistan. All the text books of Islamic education from 1st to 5th class have been selected to achieve the objectives of the study. The interview data has been collected through personal visits, using SKYPE and email. The study is significant for the school education department, education ministries, NGOs working for school, curriculum developers, and policy makers as well as for teachers and parents of Austrian and Pakistani society. School education department can reform the textbooks of Islamic education at secondary school level in both countries