European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences (ES)
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The Impact of Exchange Rate Volatility on Export and Import in Bangladesh
Get PDFThis study examines the impact of exchange rate volatility on trade in Bangladesh to know the export, import risk, and leverage effect. Time-series implies monthly basis data from 2013M01 to 2019M06. The IFS, BB and FREED are the main data source for selected variables and this study conducts the ARCH, GARCH, EGARCH model to estimate the results. Major findings of the current study are GARCH models estimate that the exchange rate volatility creates a negative impact on trade but the EGARCH model estimates there is no leverage effect in the studied country. In addition that the findings of this study are to support the economic theory and activities in the aspect of Bangladesh's economy. This perusal suggesting that the total trade volume will be increased with respect to time and stability in macroeconomic variables
Impact of Solid Waste Dumping Site on Environment and Public Health in Sargodha City
Get PDFThe waste generated from houses, industries and different commercial activities are considered as municipal solid waste. In most of the developing countries especially Pakistan municipal solid waste are not handled properly and are thrown on open places without using proper treatment. This research is conducted to identify the municipal solid waste disposal sites and to compare the health problems between the people residing near dumping sites and the people living 8km away from these sites. A sample size of 60 household was taken out of which 30household were selected from the surrounding of waste place and 30household far away from waste site at the distance of (8) km. Data for health problem were collected through questionnaire, interview and also testing the concentration of pH, EC, TDS, Ni, Cu, Cr, Cd in the ground water sample collected from the waste disposal place. The result showed that diseases like skin and eye irritation, continuous fever (malaria, Typhoid),/cough, diarrhea, Infant less weight, stomach problem, heart problem and hepatitis are common in those people who are residing close to waste site as compared to far away residents. The quality of water near waste disposal site is also not good for drinking because the level of heavy metal selected for study like Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Copper are high than WHO permissible value except copper and as a result source of many water borne diseases. The study concluded that these sites should be established away from the residing areas and should be managed properly
Sustainable Development and Migration in Iranian Frontier Counties
Get PDFThe socio-economic changes of recent decades in Iran, accompanied by the lack of regional balance and over-concentration of facilities in some areas, have caused regional inequality in Iranian society and determined the direction of migration flows. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between four dimensions of sustainability (social, economic, physical-access and environmental) in the border counties of Iran and the net migration in these areas. This study used the data of general population and housing censuses, and other related findings to measure sustainability and net migration. The findings of this study show that the general status of social, economic and especially environmental indicators in Iranian border counties is not good. Also, most of the indicators – except for social – are in a poor condition in the southern counties, especially those in southeast, south, and southwest of Iran. The results also show that there is a significant relationship between economic sustainability and migration. In general, southeastern, western and southwestern border regions of Iran have poor conditions in terms of both sustainable development indicators and negative migration rate
Globalization: Information Technology and Economic Growth Nexus: Empirical Evidence from ARDL Model Approach to Co-integration and Causality Analysis
Get PDFThis study provides a realistic examination of link between economic growth, information technology and its elements with particular attention on the stock market advancement in Pakistan. Our results recommend a positive connection between well-organized stock market and economic growth equally in long run and short run. In financial theory globalization information technology would affect the increase economic development. This study investigates the influence of globalization and economic advancement on income disparity in Pakistan. In this study, we used the annual time series data and also used autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) econometric technique. We collected this data 1973 to 2014 from state bank of Pakistan and international financial statistics. From this study, it is decided that, globalization information technology has substantial effect on income parity; the economic growth rate is also achieving the income equality. In the policy outlook trade openness, foreign payment, foreign direct investment, may contribute in reducing inequality, the key variables used in this study are like savings, inflation, and exchange rate, gross domestic product, investment. This implies that, if this country wants to increase the economic growth, then to formulate and strictly implement some particular policies that facilitate investment in ICT
Students’ Survey Evaluation: A New Paradigm
Get PDFThe lynchpin of any educational setup is the duo of student and teacher; the third vital component which regulates the activities of the duo is educational management of the setup. The present study focuses on eliciting the opinions of students from three diplomas organized by Deanship of Community Services and Continuing Education, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah to study the effectiveness of diplomas. The instrument diploma evaluation questionnaire (DEQ) used to collect data was a modified version of the course evaluation questionnaire (CEQ) developed by the Saudi National commission of Assessment and Academic Accreditation (NCAAA). A sample of 240 diploma students both male and female participated in the study. Statistical evaluation was carried out using SPSS ver 21 and some relevant figures were drawn using AMOS software. Findings of this study coupled with other inputs can simultaneously be used by pedagogical staff and administrators to frame future policies for improving the quality of educational diplomas in an institution or program. Results of the study pinpointed some areas which need to be focused on in future diplomas: for instance, orientation about the diplomas needs more elaboration, provision of training material and linkage between the theory and practice be established. The relationship between the three subscales and Overall Evaluation (OE) is significant with ‘Diploma evaluation’ subscale as the most effective predictor for OE followed by ‘During the diploma’ subscale. The study also demonstrated the robust evidence of objectivity and data authenticity. The easy-to-follow approach has been adopted so that pedagogical and administrative staff can effectively use the techniques proposed in the current study. The evidence thus extracted can be used to structure efficient prospective policies than can surely enhance student experiences during their educational discourses
Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Teaching Practices
Get PDFThe present study was about factors affecting to effectiveness of teaching practices. The objective of the study was identifying factors which affect negatively on effectiveness of teaching practices. The quantitative method was employed. The population of the study comprised on B.Ed (Hon) four year student teachers of Sindh, Pakistan. The stratified random sampling was adopted. The size of sample was based on 250 student teachers of 4th and 8th semester. The questionnaire was used to obtain the data. Data were analyzed by using SPSS. Bar graphs and t-test method was adopted to present the findings. The major factors identified were practice school distance, lack of financial support, stress, managing students, insufficient guidance and lack of cooperation from school teachers The finding also revealed that there is no significant difference of opinion between male and female student teachers regarding factors which affecting to effectiveness of teaching practices
Exploring the Conceptual Understanding of Peace in School Students
Get PDFThis paper aims to explore the conceptual understanding of peace in elementary school students which they have learned through school curriculum at their respective schools. Conceptual understanding of peace of students indicates the clarity in the peace promoting objectives in the school education policies and practices. The study in fact meets the gaps in the procedure to promote peaceful thinking in the students. Participants have been included from the public sector elementary schools. For the cross verification of collected data from the students, school educators have also been included in the participants. The study justifies the future need of further addition and revision of theoretical and practical content on peace in the school curriculum. Convenient sampling technique was used in the selection of sampling. The collected data have been analyzed on the basis of grounded theory. The results of the study are significant to the school education policy makers with the understanding of concluded needs in the revision of content on peace in the school curriculum. The study concluded that students have conceptual understanding of peace. However, the participants recommended the addition of text-book on peace elementary school curriculum for the prominent understanding of nature, characteristics and practices of peace in the students
Questing Business Cycle Synchronization among South Asia in Pre and Post SAARC Establishment: An Empirical Investigation
Get PDFFor last few decades, regional integration has been increased among several countries. Like other blocs Asian countries also made regional bloc in order to establish economic integration. This study is an attempt to empirically investigate the impacts of business cycle synchronization among South Asia in pre and post SAARC establishment. Panel data set of SAARC countries from 1960 to 2019 has been utilized using structural VAR technique. On the basis of these results it is concluded that Business Cycles across SAARC countries are not synchronous. Inter-regional and intra-regional trade requires to be strengthened among member countries in addition to integration related factors
Assessing the Real-Life Socio-Economic Scenario of Established Slums in Dhaka: The Cases of Korail and Sattola
Get PDFThe research aims to assess the current situation of three primary socio-economic indicators, namely education, health and water availability at the two most established slums of Bangladesh’s capital Dhaka – Korail and Sattola. Surveys, using cluster and then random sampling to target households, and analysis, found that both slums' children's education level was moderate with 52% - 68% and 20% - 28% availing primary and secondary education, respectively; several NGOs had helped to establish brick-and-mortar latrines and disseminate necessary and effective awareness about sanitation; and surveyed slum dwellers were economically strong, with 68% - 70% of the interviewed households' income levels being 10,000 – 15,000 BDT (USD 118 – 178) per month. A comparative analysis with national level statistics also yielded that the conditions in these slums are truly better than previously thought. Primary recommendation includes in-depth monitoring to understand why such large numbers live in slums, even though they can afford better
Language Hybridization in Advertisements of Banks in Pakistan
Get PDFThe study investigates the Persuasive role of Urdu and English hybridization in Pakistani banks’ advertisements. In the current decade a rapid increase in the hybridized uses of languages has been observed in Pakistan in particular and the world in general. The rise of hybridized uses of languages necessitates the fact that this linguistic phenomenon requires to be explored in depth. Consequently, the current study explores language hybridization between Urdu and English in the advertisements of banks in Pakistan aiming to unpack its nature and the perception of bankers about this phenomenon. Data were collected by means of collection of hybridized phrases from the different banks’ pamphlets in district Mardan and serving a questionnaire to its 200 staff members. The descriptive and grammatical analysis of the data showed that the bankers tried to use hybridized language for a number of purposes including to ascertain surety, guarantee, legality and righteousness. The banks persuade their customers by using a hybrid language (English and Urdu) and thus effectively putting their message across. The hybrid phrases are mainly consisted of the grammatical categories of noun, adjective and adverb. Most of the words in the category of noun, adjective and adverb show ethnic, religious and cultural solidarity and empathy. They also ascertain legality, correctness, surety, safety and licitness. This study would have numerous implications for professionals in the bank sectors as well as for applied linguists