Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences Academic Repository / 森ノ宮医療大学学術リポジトリ
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A Study on the Consciousness and Behavioral Changes of Nursing College Students and Graduates Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic
Get PDF目的：COVID-19発生前後の意識・行動変容について看護大学生と卒業生を比較検討する。方法：「COVID-19が世界的に発生する前後の意識・行動変容について」尋ねたアンケートの回答を量的に分析し自由記述の内容を質的記述的に分析し学生と卒業生の比較を行った。
結果：恐怖心と行動変容3項目，感染防御を目的とした行動変容2項目，ストレスと健康対策3項目，将来への不安と死生観3項目で有意差があった。学生は【医療従事者を目指す意識の向上】をさせ，卒業生は【医療従事者としての高い意識】を持ち，共に【感染予防に対する意識の向上】させ【生活の変化に対するストレス意識】しながら【社会の危機的状況に対する意識の変化】を感じていた。
結論：学生，卒業生ともに自らが感染のリスクが高い状況にあり，感染に対する不安と恐怖を感じながらも，感染の媒介者とならないようにとの医療従事者及び学生としての高い意識を持ち，感染予防行動を行っていた。学生は，死生観に影響を与えられていた。Objective: To compare students and graduates in terms of consciousness and behavioral changes before and after the occurrence of COVID-19.
Methods: Quantitative analysis of responses to a questionnaire that asks about changes in consciousness and behavior before and after the global outbreak of COVID-19, and qualitative descriptive analysis of free text content to compare students and graduates.
Results: There were significant differences in three items of fear and behavior change, two items of behavior change for infection prevention, three items of stress and health measures, and three items of anxiety about the future and view of life and death. The students had [improved desire to become medical professionals], and the graduates had [high awareness as medical professionals], and together they had [improved awareness of infection prevention], [stress awareness of life changes], and [changed awareness of social crisis situations].
Conclusion: Although students and graduates were in a situation where they themselves were at high risk of infection and felt anxiety and fear of infection they were highly conscious as health care workers not to become vectors of infection, and took preventive actions against infection. The students were influenced by their views on life and death.departmental bulletin pape
The Revival of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Immigrants in the United States：A Case Study of Acupuncture
Get PDF1970年代以降、アメリカでは補完代替医療（Complementary and Alternative Medicine: CAM）の人気が高まっている。CAMとは、「非正統派医学」、すなわち「正統派医学」とされる西洋医学の枠外にある医療の総称である。特に1990年代以降は、国立衛生研究所内にCAMの研究センターが設立されるほど研究も進んでおり、さらに西洋医学とCAMを融合させ、患者中心の全人的治療を重視する「統合医療」も推進されてきている。
歴史を振り返ると、1970年代以降興隆しているCAMの人気は、新しい現象ではなく「復興」であることがわかる。アメリカでは、20世紀初頭までは、「非正統派医学」的治療が幅広く行われていたが、西洋医学の興隆により、「周縁化」されてしまうこととなった。しかしながら、1960年・70年代以降、世界的に伝統医療を見直そうという動きが起きていることに加え、アメリカ社会における様々な変革や変化、すなわち1960年代末以降の対抗文化の興隆や西洋医学に対する不信感、医療費の高騰などの要因が、CAMの「復興」を後押しして来た。
本研究では、まずアメリカにおけるCAMの歴史を概観し、次にCAMの一治療法である鍼治療を取り上げ、鍼治療の「復興」と普及において移民がもたらした影響について考察する。The popularity of therapies categorized as Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) has been increasing in the United States since the 1970s. Looking back on history, however, there was once a time when unconventional therapies labeled as CAM now were practiced widely in the United States. With the development of Western medicine, American Medical Association (AMA), the largest association formed by Western physicians in 1847, attempted to exclude unconventional therapies out of medical practices by helping related legislation get enacted. It was as late as the 1960s and the early 1970s that so-called CAM therapies were paid attention to again. Considering these backgrounds, the rise of CAM popularity can be regarded as the revival of unconventional therapies that were once widely recognized.
It has been suggested that there are several factors contributing to the recent popularity of CAM: the rise of counter-culture movements since the 1960s, mistrust of Western medicine, escalation of medical costs and so on. In addition to these factors, taking the case of acupuncture, one of the CAM therapies, this study aimed to examine the role of immigrants, especially Chinese immigrants, as another factor which contributed to the revival of CAM in the United States.departmental bulletin pape
History and Current status of antibacterial drug development－Fighting drug-resistant bacteria－
Get PDF抗菌薬の登場により感染症治療は大きく進歩し，これまでに多様な抗菌薬が開発されてきたが同時に薬剤耐性菌の発生という問題も生じた。薬剤耐性菌は多剤耐性菌も含めて世界中で蔓延し最後の砦であるコリスチンへの耐性化も危惧される一方で，抗菌薬開発の採算性の低さや創薬ターゲットの枯渇から抗菌薬の承認数は1980年代をピークに2010年まで顕著に低下している。しかし抗菌薬開発を促進するプログラムや法律が施行され近年では抗菌薬開発は持ち直しつつあり，創薬ターゲットについても，深海放線菌からメシチリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌に抗菌活性を示す新たな物質が見出されるなど，未知の環境の微生物が期待されている。With the advent of antibacterial drugs, the treatment of infectious diseases has made great progress, and various antibacterial drugs have been developed so far, but the problem of drug-resistant bacteria has arisen. Drug-resistant bacteria, including multidrug-resistant bacteria, are widespread all over the world and there is concern that they will become resistant to colistin, which is the last fort antibacterial drug. Antibacterial drug development is not profitable and drug discovery targets are depleted. The number of approvals peaked in the 1980s and has declined significantly until 2010. However, antibacterial drug development has been picking up in recent years due to the enforcement of programs and laws that promote antibacterial drug development, and new substances showing antibacterial activity from deep-sea actinomycetes to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus have been found. Microorganisms in an unknown environment are expected as new drug discovery targets.departmental bulletin pape
Sleep apnea syndrome
Get PDF睡眠時無呼吸症候群の患者数は年々増加傾向にある．また，肥満男性のみが罹患するという認識から，年代，性別や肥満度を問わず罹患する日常で遭遇する頻度の高い疾患として知られるようになった．睡眠は人生の約三割を占めているが，睡眠という行為自体が意識下では無いため症状を自覚するまでに時間を要する．そのため，多くの研究で診断の遅れや多数の未治療者が存在すると報告されている．平成30年の厚生労働省の社会医療診療行為別統計では，睡眠時無呼吸症候群の代表的な治療法であるCPAP療法の患者数は約44万人であったと報告されている．しかし，我が国の無呼吸低呼吸指数が15以上の推定患者数は900万人も存在するという報告もあり，診療体制の強化以外に，睡眠検査の従事者数増加，治療体制の強化，患者支援などを多職種で連携しチーム医療で行うことが必要である．The incidence of sleep apnea syndrome is on the rise each year. The earlier perception that it affects only obese men has been replaced with the recognition that it is a widely prevalent disorder affecting people of all ages, genders, and body mass indices. Sleep comprises about 30% of our lifespan; however, most people are unaware of the symptoms of the disorder because sleep itself is not a self-conscious act. Therefore, several studies have reported delays in the diagnosis of sleep apnea, leading to a large population of untreated individuals. According to the Statistics of Medical Care Activities in Public Health Insurance published in 2018 by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan, approximately 440,000 people received continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, a typical treatment for sleep apnea syndrome. Another report estimated that as many as 9 million people have an apnea-hypopnea index of > 15 in Japan. Thus, in addition to strengthening the medical care system, it is necessary to increase the number of support staff for sleep testing, strengthen the treatment facilities, and provide patient care through multidisciplinary collaboration and team efforts.departmental bulletin pape
Effects of Toe Dance on Balance Function and Gait in Parkinson's Disease Patients: A preliminary Study
Get PDF【はじめに】パーキンソン病の姿勢反射障害がもたらすバランス機能の低下は，患者にとって歩行の不安定さ，転倒による骨折や動作に対する不安感に繋がり，活動範囲の狭小化とQOLの低下に結びつく．今回，転倒リスクがあるPD患者でも安全に実施できる足指ダンスビデオを使用してその効果を検証した．【目的】本研究の目的はパーキンソン病（PD）特化型デイサービスにおいて，足趾機能訓練として導入した足指ダンスがPD患者のバランス機能に与える影響について調べることである．【方法】対象者：PD患者8名（男性2名,女性6名）．週二回デイサービス利用．介入：足指ダンスを15分/日，週二回を二ヶ月間，計8回実施．評価尺度：客観的評価として開眼片脚立位時間，Timed Up and Go Test(以下TUG)を実施．主観的評価としてアンケート（足趾の動かしやすさ，立ち上がりやすさ，歩きやすさについての5段階評価）を実施．分析： Wilcoxonの符号順位和検定．有意水準は5%未満．【結果】開眼片脚立位時間（介入前18.95秒±33.92，介入後25.36秒±35.03 p=0.017）TUG（介入前9.34秒±1.78，介入後7.90秒±1.27 p=0.017）アンケート：足趾の動かしやすさ（介入前2±0.5，介入後2.13±0.60 p=0.317）立ち上がりやすさ（介入前3±1,介入後3.13±0.93 p=0.317）歩きやすさ（介入前2.63±1.19，介入後3.13±1.13 p=0.046）【考察】開眼片脚立位時間は延長され，TUGの歩行時間が短縮された．アンケート調査では歩きやすさに改善が認められた．足指ダンスはバランス機能，歩行に対して効果があることが考えられる[Introduction]
Decreased balance function in Parkinson's disease (PD) leads to instability in walking, fracture due to falls, and anxiety about movement for patients, leading to a narrower range of activities and decreased QOL. In this study, we examined the effects of using a toe dance video that can be safely performed by PD patients at risk of falling.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of toe dance, which was introduced as a toe function training in a day service specializing in Parkinson's disease (PD), on the balance function of PD patients.
[Methods]
Subjects: 8 PD patients (2 males, 6 females). Subjects: 8 PD patients (2 males, 6 females), using day service twice a week. Intervention: Toe dancing was performed for 15 minutes/day, twice a week for two months, for a total of eight times. Evaluation measures: Objective evaluations included open-eyed one-legged stance time and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG). Subjective evaluation: Questionnaire (5-point rating for ease of moving toes, standing up, and walking). Analysis: Wilcoxon's signed rank sum test.
[Results]
Comparison of pre- and post-intervention in each assessment: Eye opening one-legged standing time (p=0.017), TUG (p=0.017); Comparison of pre- and post-intervention by questionnaire: Ease of moving toes (p=0.317), Ease of standing up (p=0.317), Ease of walking (p=0.046)
[Discussion]
The open-eyed one-legged stance time was prolonged, and the walking time of TUG was shortened. The questionnaire survey showed improvement in walking ease. The toe dance may have an effect on balance function and walking.departmental bulletin pape
