International Review of Humanities Studies (IRHS)
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ACCULTURATION OF PERANAKAN CULTURE IN THE DIVERSITY OF LAKSA MENU IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
Full text linkThe Peranakan refers to one ethnic group that originated from many Chinese ethnicities that intermarriage and assimilated with local people in many places in Southeast Asia. They bring many inventions, which enriched cultures and heritages in many Southeast Asian places. One of the most well-known cuisines from Peranakan birth is a Laksa. Laksa is a complex dish consisting of noodles, a side dish usually consisting of seafood, chicken, or egg, and savory broth with many spices and herbs. Laksa can be found in many Southeast Asian countries, especially places with a significant Chinese descendent population. The diversity of the laksa menu is a major marker of the influence of the Peranakan culinary culture in Southeast Asia.KEYWORDS: Laksa, Peranakan, Acculturation, Southeast Asia, Culinar
BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF PUBLICATIONS DISCUSSING THE CONSTRUCTION FEMALES HEROISM WORLDWIDE (1958-2021)
Full text linkThe number of gender studies related to female heroism varies, however to the best of our knowledge, no bibliometric studies have been conducted to examine research trend related to the construction of female heroism in history. Therefore, the aims of this research to investigate the trend of publication related to the female heroism by utilizing bibliometric analysis which become parameter to evaluate and visualize the worldwide publication focus on the development of gender studies. Herein, we identified 753 research articles in English from Scopus database which were published from 1958 – 2021. According to our findings, we highlighted that the most frequently author keywords are gender, feminism, and hero. Besides, the U.S is the ranking first in citation and publication related to the female heroism studies. The U.S is not only become first country with highest number of publication but also the most cited country and the most active country in international collaboration related with the construction of female heroes. The current information on female heroes publication showed that this field is growing rapidly worldwide as well as international research collaboration. In the future research collaboration in this field still needs to improve the construction of gender in society related to the hero construction.KEYWORDS: Female heroism, bibliometric, gender, hero constructio
THE DIALECTICS OF BATA DANCE AND ITS SOCIO-ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE IN NIGERIA
Full text linkDance in Africa, specifically from Nigeria, has over the years made tremendous impact in such areas like propagation of culture, projection of unity in diversity and promotion of the idea of National identity. With the global rejuvenation and economic diversity, dance has provided an enabling environment and concrete platforms for its practitioners to explore the potentials embedded in the packaging and production of dance performances, thereby serving as a vital tool for economic stability. Despite its relegation to the background as a mere form of entertainment, African dance has provided immense benefits to practitioners. Through the adoption of Performance Aesthetics theory of Dance and Participant Observation method of research, this paper carries out a dialectical engagement of the roles of dance in general perspective, with a close reference to the Bata dance of the Yoruba, for the purpose of identifying the various dimensions by which the dance has helped in projecting both the Yoruba ethnic and the Nigerian National identities. Findings reveal that Bata Dance performance has grown beyond its Yoruba ethnic enclave to becoming a global brand that is studied by non-Africans and the Africans in Diaspora therefore creating a viable socio-economic platform and global acceptance for the dance and its practitioners.KEYWORDS: Bata, Dance, Yoruba, Sango, Aesthetic
CULTURAL IDENTITY CRISIS IN THE NOVEL KADANG SURINAME SANAK MERAPI BY FUJI RIANG PRASTOWO
Full text linkThe crisis of cultural identity often occurs in Indonesian society. This social phenomenon generally occurs in the young generation, especially those living in urban areas such as Jakarta. This social phenomenon depicted in the novel Kadang Suriname Sanak Merapi (KSSM) by Fuji Riang Prastowo. Trisnah as the main character in the novel, chose Western culture as her cultural identity rather than Javanese culture which is her origin. The researchaims to analyze the identity crisis factors of Trisnah's character that influenced her in the process of selecting her cultural identity in the novel KSSM. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a sociological approach to literature, a mimetic approach and a psychology approach to literature. The results of this research indicated that Trisnah`s cultural identity crisis is caused by two factors, namely social and psychological aspects that are interrelated, especially in the process of choosing her cultural identity. These two factors influenced the forming process of Trisnah's cultural identity by releasing the Javanese cultural identity inherited by her family. Therefore it can be concluded that two factors, both social and psychological, from bullying can provide a significant impact on the formation of a person's cultural identity, especially when they were in the midst of their identity crisis, so it is important to have character education in responding to differences in a multicultural society.KEYWORDS: cultural identity crisis, cultural identity, social, psychology, traumati
RESISTANCE ON THE SEA BOUNDARIES: SMUGGLING IN THE EASTERN WATERS OF SUMATRA DURING UPHEAVAL TIMES 1946 – 1961
Full text linkSmuggling through the sea between Sumatra, Singapore, and the Malay Peninsula became a problem for the Indonesian government. This issue has a clash between informal and formal political forces so that claimed status of trade can be label as 'legal' or 'illegal' depending on the capacity and presence of the applicable law. Moreover, smuggling could be considered as a resistance effort during the war and conflict periods. This problem can be seen in upheaval times, such as the independence revolution and regional uprising around the eastern waters of Sumatra. These waters became the gateway for the Republic of Indonesia to penetrate the Dutch blockade and smuggled weapons supplies along with international support. However, when there were rebellions by Darul Islam in Aceh and Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PRRI) in North Sumatra and Central Sumatra, smuggling was also used against the central government in Jakarta. This study uses the historical method, so after collecting historical facts related to smuggling through newspapers, books, and journals, and then interprets them from the perspective of legal anthropology to analyze smuggling during upheaval times as a resistance act to those who oppose politics and economics pressure.KEYWORDS: Smuggler, Sumatra, Revolution of Independence, Regional Uprising
NGANJUK BRONZE STATUES (ARCA) ANALYSIS BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF VAJRADHATU MANDALA IN SHINGON BUDDHISM
Full text linkABSTRACTThis paper wants to show the relationship between bronze statues and mandala. The object of the research is 23 small bronze statues of Nganjuk owned by the National Museum. These statues were once part of a statues collection found in the rice fields of Candi Lor, Nganjuk in 1913. Candi Lor is a temple built by Mpu Sindok. This paper presumes that these bronze statues of Nganjuk are statues that were placed on the altar during the Mpu Sindok era for ritual purposes. This paper argues that the Nganjuk bronze statues represent a certain type of mandala. The paper shows that the mandala of the statues is the Vajradhatu Mandala. For this purpose, this study is using the Vajradhatu Mandala concept of Shingon Buddhism. F.D.K Bosch in an article in 1929 mentioned the possibility of reading the Nganjuk statues based on the Shingon mandala, but he wrote about it briefly. Shingon Buddhism is a sect of Buddhism in Japan, which has been known since the 9th century to date using the Vajradhatu Mandala. Shingon founder, Kukai, studied the concept of the mandala in China. Recent studies show the concept of Vajradhatu Mandala was not only brought by Kukai to Japan but also spread to Southeast Asia, although it was later replaced by other types of mandalas.The Vajradhatu Mandala is a mandala centered on Vairocana. There is a core layer and an outer layer in the Shingon concept in the Vajradhatu Mandala. The core layer consists of 37 main pantheons and the outer layer is a layer that contains protective deities. The last layer of this outer layer is called Trailokyavijaya that consists of the incarnations of Vajrapani and several deities that have krodha’s expression. The objective of this paper is to show that the remaining Nganjuk statues owned by the National Museum have these elements: Vairocana, the Four Tathagatas, and also Trailokyavijaya.KEYWORDS: Nganjuk Bronze Statues, Vairocana, Vajradhatu Mandala, Shingon Buddhis
SPACE IN CHRISTIAN LIFE COURSE ON CATHOLIC CHURCH SANTA PERAWAN MARIA (CATHEDRAL OF BOGOR)
Full text linkIn this paper, the Catholic Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Bogor Cathedral) which was built at the end of the 20th century will be examined the aspects of space and material culture by linking the concept of life course and the concept of immateriality of material culture. This research will use a qualitative method by Ken Dark which consists of observation of data, decomposition of data, processing data into evidence and interpretation of data. As a result, the Catholic Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary Bogor represents three of the four stages of Christian life course into the three parts of the space. One stage, namely "Judgment Day" does not represent into space that should be referred to as chancel with rood screen as its main material culture. The absence of chancel space occurred due to the change in values and dogma embraced by the Catholic Church after the reform church movement occurred in the early 15th century. Because of that, the representation of the "Judgment Day" in the chancel room experienced the process of immateriality and was replaced with a new value that is the value of compassion, warmth and kinship represented in the form of statues of the Holy Family.KEYWORDS: Catholic Church, materiality Christian life, space, life cours
"MONUMENT WARS" THE DESTRUCTION OF VAN HEUTSZ MONUMENT IN BATAVIA
Full text linkMonument Wars or the destruction of monuments is part of decolonization in various parts of the world. Monument Wars then occur almost in some countries in the world, ranging from Europe, America and Australia. In Indonesia the destruction of the monument with anti-colonialism pretext also occurred since the colonial period to independence. Monuments, sites or material cultural relics from the past were regerded as (collective) memory regarding the power struggle, national identity or the formation of the nation's character. The monument provides an opportunity for archaeologists and historians to delve the meaning of history behind the monuments. The monument as a material culture considered as a text so that the meaning is open to be interpreted. With the study of historical methods and and material culture, the monument considered no different from the archive. This study will examined the destruction of Van Heutsz Monument in Batavia as well as the vandalism occurred in the similar monument in Amsterdam as part of the monument wars. Visual narratives of how a monumet has the meaning of those established it and have different meanings for the next generation will also be examined.KEYWORDS: Monument wars, monument, decolonisation, material culture, histor
REPRESENTATION OF HULI JING (FEMALE FOX SPIRIT) IN CHINESE LITERARY TEXTS
Full text linkChinese women are often depicted in mythological texts as supernatural beings, such as ghosts and spirits. Female supernatural beings are also described as having bad behavior and bringing disaster to men. One of the bad female supernatural creatures is the fox spirit (Huli Jing). The life of fox spirit can be found in literary texts from imperial to modern times, such as Fox Enchantment (1766) by Pu Songling and Dragon Springs Road (2017) by Janie Chang. This study tries to compare the representation of Huli Jing in imperial and modern texts. In analysing the problem of women’s representation through fox spirit, this study uses a descriptive anaylsis method combined with the semiotic concept of Roland Barthes. This study aims to reveal the transformation of Huli Jing’s representation, as well as the construction of women in Chinese mythology.KEYWORDS: fox spirit; representation; mytholog
THE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF CHINESE OVERSEAS IN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA
Full text linkPolitical participation plays an important role in protecting the interests of the Chinese overseas in Indonesia and Malaysia. This journal is qualitative research with a library approach method. This research aims to find 1) political participation patterns of Chinese Oversees in Indonesia and Malaysia; 2) factors that influence the political participation of Chinese Oversees in Indonesia and Malaysia. Chinese overseas in Indonesia and Malaysia do not actively participate in politics as the local ethnic majorities, however with the development of democracy, the Chinese overseas mainly take part in the political field by voting in national elections and regional elections, participating in political parties, joining various associations, and building close relationships with government officials. In political participation, Chinese overseas is mainly influenced by the level of democracy, political awareness, and relations with local ethics.KEYWORDS: Political Participation, Chinese Overseas, Indonesia, Malaysi