International Review of Humanities Studies (IRHS)
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ICONOCLASTS AND COUNTER TERRORISM AGAINST STATE ORGANIZED TERROR: A STUDY OF PERSPECTIVES IN NIGERIAN HISTORY AND DRAMA
Get PDFThe paper assesses the issue of terrorism as a social reality present in the Nigerian state from its origination and the questions treated by the paper among others include: what dimensions did the occurrences of terrorism take on Nigerian socio-political sphere? What are the counter measures taken by individual and groups in dealing with state organized terrorism? What are the dimensions state organized terrorism take in the modern Nigerian state? Lekan Balogun‟s Ogun Skugga is used primarily while other literary works are used to supplement. The paper argues that the state organized terrorism was a surreptitious method of coercion adopted by the colonial authorities equally and eventually adopted by the political elites after independence. It also maintains that individual and groups engaged in subtle and overt terrorism as counter measure against state sponsored terrorism. Again, current acts of terrorism organized by state are multidimensional so also are variables presented by ethnic, tribal and political inclinations which in turn stimulate approaches by individual and groups in counter measures. The importance of this work is the perspectives it presents from history and drama to assess the issue of terrorism and its relevance to modern Nigerian society
DE-RADICALIZATION OF FUNDAMENTALISM THROUGH THE THOUGHT OF MOHAMMED ARKOUN
Get PDFFundamentalism in religion has become an important issue in people's lives, especially in areas with high heterogeneity. The emergence of various cases of attacks against innocent people in the name of religion, has become an irony of its own, especially for religious believers. The irony arises when religion teaches peace in diversity, but there are many irregularities in its implementation. Various factors in the emergence of fundamentalism in religion do not necessarily become a reason for the lack of efforts to deradicalize this understanding. Mohammed Arkoun, through his various studies, has raised the significance of a re-understanding of religious texts with the present context. Relevance of religion - as a guideline for human life - is essential, especially in the current era of disruption. Based on these matters, this study was made to present the deradicalization of fundamentalism through a re-understanding of religious texts in a critical and integrated manner. Arkoun explained that the main problem in this matter was the effort to make religion an institutional product whose interpretation was absolute, which led to a single understanding. This incident is contrary to the concept of Islam as a religion that is rahmatanlilaminalamin (Islam as a religion that brings grace and prosperity to all people). By utilizing a disruption era that recognizes change quickly and radically, this moment can be used well to provide a comprehensive, integrated, and credible religious knowledge forum, and of course with a high level of accessibility
NEGATIVE REPRESENTATIONS OF MASCULINITY IN NOLLYWOOD: A READING OF IKECHUWKU ONYEKA’S MR AND MRS
Get PDFMasculinity is a social construct that defines man‟s social relation within the gender hierarchy in society. Over the years, gender has narrowly been screwed to depict feminism which in itself struggles towards negotiating social power for the feminine gender. However, in doing this, feminism has subtly achieved an ideological imaging of the male as brutish, savage, demonic, power obsessed and most of all domineering. This has gradually become a mainstream narrative through which masculinity is understood. Thus the average man is seen as potentially violent, power obsessed, chauvinistic and domineering. The implication is that masculinity in itself is a social havoc. This forms the core of this research. The researcher in this work disputes this negative construct of the masculine model as a social menace. The researcher argued that while the afore mentioned negative traits exist, that they are individual social disorder which in itself does not represent masculinity as a generic social construct. The researcher used the qualitative research method with particular resort to the case study approach for his data collection and analysis. The research is hinged on the „Social role theory of Sex‟
FUNCTION, MEANING, AND MESSAGE OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONTMENT IN THE STORY OF KEONG MAS
Get PDFThis research discusses the meaning and function of the natural environment in one folk tale that is well known in the Javanese community. This folktale is known in all circles of society, despite having social differences. An interesting problem in this folklore is the placement of functions and environmental meanings as the main elements of stories or tales. The focus of this research is to raise the function and meaning of the natural environment contained in one story of Keong Mas. This study aims to explain carefully the function and meaning of the natural environment which is the background of a fairy tale. The background story that uses the natural environment as the main object of the story often gets no attention. In the story of Keong Mas, it is precisely the setting that contains the natural environment that has functions and meanings that are very important to understand. This study uses a qualitative research paradigm procedure, which gives researchers the opportunity to interpret available data. The results of the study show that the story of Keong Mas is not just an ordinary folktale. Keong Mas folklore has a very specific story setting, which is a particular natural environment. Keong Mas or Pila ampullacea are animals that can live on land or in water. Rural communities who live on the banks of the river by cultivating crops such as rice, can find these types of animals around their environment. No wonder this animal is an inspiration to make a story in the background of the natural environment in the countrysid
ZOULIKHA BOUABDELLAH VISUAL ART AND CONTEMPORARY CALLIGRAPHY IN MODERN ALGERIA
Get PDFThis study discusses the development of traditional poles that influence modern visual arts based on Aljazair culture, from conservative cultures under Ottoman influence to become Liberals after the French colonization brought to the Modern era. The majority of previous studies only discussed descriptive art variations in Algerian culture or only included elements of art in Algeria. This study uses qualitative methods, data collected by in-depth interviews with Visual Art experts at the best institutions in Indonesia and literature studies on art and culture in Algeria. This paper does not encourage artists to violate Islamic rules in their work. However, this study shows that there are artists who come out of Islamic rules to achieve certain goals and are not taboo in art. The paper concludes that a religious concept that is applied in a state principle does not make and guarantee that all members of the entire community line are fully conservative and obedient to the conservative rules in the state or legislation that must be obeyed in that country
STABILIZING OR DESTABILIZING? RECONSIDERING THE REVELANCY OF TURKEY’S NATO MEMBERSHIP
Get PDFThe focus of this study is the Republic of Turkey‟s involvement in NATO with a special attention to Turkey‟s gradual withdrawal from NATO member countries. Additionally, this study will also analyze the influences of Turkey‟s maneuvers in international affairs to NATO‟s internal strategic concerns. After going through decades of democratization process, membership in NATO and great access to relations with the West that last until the present day, this study also offers reviews of Turkey‟s urgency and relevancy to perpetuate its NATO membership. The purpose of this study is to understand and identify the relationship between Turkey‟s international activities, Turkey‟s socio-political conditions at home and their effects to Turkey‟s position inside NATO. The data were collected by means of library research and online library research. The principle result of this study is that Turkey‟s entry into NATO and the drastic democratization in 1950 are all influenced by the international affairs in that period (after the First World War to the Cold War era). The final conclusion of this study is that Turkey is a less practically beneficial country for NATO now and NATO is no longer an essential need for Turkey, as Turkey has gained more self-confidence internationally and thus being no longer reliant on NATO protection, inter alia it is more willing to risk experiments in exercising its foreign affairs
THE DRAMATIC MEMORIALIZATION OF SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL LAND MARKS IN AFRICAN FESTIVALS. A CLOSE EXAMINATION OF THE CORONATION OF THE 40TH OBA OF BENIN
Get PDFThis paper is a critical examination of the major significance of the cultural institution called festival. African festivals provide a document that aesthetically, skillfully and ostentatiously preserves a peoples shared beliefs, custom, values and historical heritage. This study utilized the analytical methodology which furnished the researchers with useful information from books, journals and other printed and electronic materials. Several interviews were also conducted to gamer information from historians and cultural icons. The active involvement of the researchers as observers and participants in Benin festivals also aided the researchers in this endeavour. The focus of the paper was a careful study of the memorialization practice artistically employed in the preservation of historical and cultural heritage of the Benin Nation for centuries as expressed in the 40th coronation of the Oba of Benin, Oba Ewuare, Ogidigan II. In this festival, the Binis were able to historize document and express the history of their greatness, survival wealth and stability in an electrifying atmosphere of pomp, celebration and pageantry
JASMINE FLOWERS IN JAVANESE MYSTICISM
Get PDFThis study discusses Javanese society's awareness of jasmine flowers (jasminum sambac) which are small in shape but have full of cultural meanings and philosophies, thus becoming a symbol of life. The focus of this study is the physical form of jasmine flowers and awareness of a healthy natural environment that can build a healthy mental (soul). The purpose of this study is to explore the unique small flower of jasmine, which has long been a symbol of awareness of environmental health which is not only physical but also mental (soul). This study uses a theoretical framework of health, the natural environment and Javanese mysticism, to see the relationship between humans and their environment. This study uses a qualitative research paradigm procedure. Qualitative research procedures provide opportunities for researchers to provide interpretations of the results of their research. The results showed that, ideologically, Javanese people were indeed aware of the importance of the natural environment. The natural environment is the most important factor in human life. Through daily activities can be seen and interpreted that Javanese humans cannot escape from their natural environment. Jasmine small white flowers and it turns out to save many benefits in physical and mental health. Through the cultural roots that exist in cultural ritual activities can be seen, an effort to preserve small white flowers that have many benefits. With positive benefits can give birth to a philosophy that captures the meaning of the flower in life
A PROJECT OF CONSTRUCTING A CONTEMPORARY JEWISH IDENTITY IN RABINOVICI’S NOVEL SUCHE NACH M
Get PDFAttitude to the Nazi past turns to its new phase in the 1980s, after the time of repressing, silent and mourning brings the new discourse in talking about the Holocaust. It was a tendency of "denying" the Holocaust and new anti-semitism movement. In the 90s, Jewish authors confirm their position as „self-determined agents' in the literary and political area. One of them is Doron Rabinovici, an Austrian Jewish author who wrote the novel Suche Nach M in engaging on the project of constructing a contemporary Jewish identity. In this article, the question of how Robinovici proposes the construction of contemporary Jewish identity will be answered through critical reading on Jewish myth and identity formation theory. The result shows two major strategies that he proposes in his novel: “deconstructs” the Jewish myth (by playing other possibilities to interpret them and unveil the truth) and suggests the self-referential concept (find oneself based on 'the self' instead of immersing self in 'the Other‟). These two strategies can be seen as an active engagement with one own traumatic past. It is a historical- and self-awareness approach to construct a problematic contemporary Jewish identity
VOICE OF MELANCHOLIA AND CULTURAL IDENTITIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA CONTEMPORARY ART AT BANGKOK ART BIENNALE 2018
Get PDFThis study sets focus on problem of identity and melancholia which are framed in works of Southeast Asia contemporary art. Art works become main media to utter criticism of disrupted daily circumstances that slowly put the voices of the marginalized identity in burden. We start from acknowledge of liberating art space therefore it will be able to the acknowledge of art as bridging entity from the non-philosophy and philosophy framework. The acknowledge assists this writing in the placement of art as media of criticism so it won’t be stationed at acknowledge of art as an art. Then we determine Julia Kristeva’s suffering and melancholia theory as comparison analytics tools of the art works which took specific theme of cultural identity per region. In particular, we analyze the works of Southeast Asia contemporary artists as they took place at Bangkok Art Biennale 2018 in Bangkok, Thailand from October 19, 2018 – February 3, 2019. Comparison of every works assist us to the conclusion which strengthens our quest from earlier stage of exertion the art works as media to vocalize the social issues, conflict of identity, and minority oppression in the development of Southeast Asia contemporary art