Industria: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Agroindustri (University of Brawijaya)
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Modelling of Sustainable Blue Swimming Crab Supply Chain in East Java Using Soft System Methodology
Full text link Abstract Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is one of Indonesia's highest-export fishery commodities. Capture fisheries are dominated by fishermen with low productivity, efficiency, and income levels. There is a high-profit disparity between upstream and downstream actors, where fishermen get the lowest profit. This study aims to identify the causes of profit disparities between supply chain actors and propose a supply chain model to solve the profit disparity problem. The supply chain actors observed were fishermen, mini plants, processing companies, and exporters of blue swimming crab. Determining variables that affect profit gain based on the business activities of the supply chain actors of blue swimming crab was carried out. The conceptual model was made using the Soft System Methodology (SSM). The analysis result showed that the causes of profit disparity were the vast number of fishermen, lack of product value understanding, minimum capital and access to capital, awareness of fishing gear utilization, and the individual fisherman's work system. The conceptual model of the blue swimming crab supply chain proposed consists of the formation of fishing groups, coordination between fishing groups and Perum Perindo, collaborating with Pokja and fishing groups, and increasing collaboration between all supply chain actors of blue swimming crab.Keywords: blue swimming crab, fishermen, Soft System Methodology, supply chain Abstrak Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan ekspor tertinggi di Indonesia. Usaha ikan tangkap didominasi oleh para nelayan dengan tingkat produktivitas, efisiensi, serta pendapatan yang rendah. Disparitas keuntungan yang tinggi terjadi antara pelaku rantai pasok dari hulu dan hilir. Nelayan memperoleh keuntungan paling rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi penyebab disparitas keuntungan antara pelaku rantai pasok dan mengusulkan model rantai pasok sebagai solusi permasalahan disparitas keuntungan. Pelaku rantai pasok yang diamati adalah nelayan, mini plant, perusahaan pengolah rajungan, dan eksportir. Identifikasi variabel yang memengaruhi perolehan keuntungan berdasarkan aktivitas bisnis pelaku rantai pasok rajungan. Model konseptual dibuat menggunakan Soft System Methodology (SSM). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penyebab disparitas keuntungan adalah jumlah nelayan yang sangat banyak, pemahaman yang kurang terhadap nilai produk, modal dan akses permodalan yang minimum, kesadaran dalam penggunaan alat tangkap yang aman, dan sistem kerja nelayan yang masih dilaksanakan secara individu sehingga nelayan menerima keuntungan yang paling kecil di antara pelaku rantai pasok dari hulu dan hilir. Model konseptual rantai pasok rajungan yang diusulkan adalah pembentukan kelompok nelayan, koordinasi antara kelompok nelayan dan Perum Perindo, kolaborasi antara Pokja dan kelompok nelayan, dan meningkatkan kolaborasi antara seluruh pelaku rantai pasok rajungan.Kata kunci: nelayan, rajungan, rantai pasok, Soft System Methodology
Modelling of Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) Pretreatment on Fresh Moringa oleifera Leaves Extraction Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Full text linkAbstractMoringa leaves are a source of high antioxidants. This study aims to find an equation model for the extraction conditions of Moringa leaves with Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) pretreatment. Fresh Moringa leaves were treated with PEF in various voltages (1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 Volts), frequency (1,000, 1,500 and 2,000 Hz) and extraction time (4, 5 and 6 hours) as the factors studied. The best results and mathematical equation models obtained were determined from the extraction process. The parameters observed were yield, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity. The Response Surface Method (RSM) was chosen to determine the equation model for the voltage, frequency, and extraction time combination. The results of ANOVA (Sum of Squares, Lack of Fit, and p-value) show that the model is adequate to present experimental data. The analysis results showed a significant value for total phenol in a quadratic equation, extract yields in a linear equation, and antioxidant activity in a linear equation. The model is presented in a 2-D contour graph and a 3-D response surface. The equation model shows that the best treatment is a PEF voltage of 2,000 Volts, frequency of 1,000 Hz, and extraction time of 4 hours.Keywords: antioxidant, equation model, moringa leaf, Pulsed Electric Field, Response Surface Method AbstrakDaun kelor merupakan salah satu sumber antioksidan yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari model persamaan kondisi ekstraksi daun kelor dengan perlakuan pendahuluan Pulsed Electric Field (PEF). Daun kelor segar diperlakukan dengan PEF dalam berbagai tegangan (1.000, 1.500, dan 2.000 Volt), frekuensi (1.000, 1.500 dan 2.000 Hz) dan waktu ekstraksi (4, 5 dan 6 jam) sebagai faktor yang diteliti. Hasil terbaik dan model persamaan matematika ditentukan dari proses ekstraksi. Parameter yang diamati adalah rendemen, total senyawa fenol, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Response Surface Method (RSM) dipilih untuk mengetahui model persamaan kombinasi tegangan, frekuensi, dan waktu ekstraksi. Hasil ANOVA (Sum of Squares, Lack of Fit, dan p-value) menunjukkan bahwa model layak untuk menyajikan data eksperimen. Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai yang signifikan pada total fenol dalam persamaan kuadratik, hasil ekstrak dalam persamaan linier, dan aktivitas antioksidan dalam persamaan linier. Model dipresentasikan dalam grafik kontur 2-D dan permukaan respons 3-D. Model persamaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan terbaik adalah tegangan PEF 2.000 Volt, frekuensi 1.000 Hz dan waktu ekstraksi 4 jam.Kata kunci: antioksidan, daun kelor, model persamaan, Pulsed Electric Field, Response Surface Metho
Sauce Product Development with Black Garlic Addition as a Flavour Enhancer and Antioxidant
Full text linkAbstractThis study aims to determine the variations effect of black garlic concentration on the sauce's physical, chemical, and organoleptic characteristics. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design with a single factor, the ratio of black garlic concentration to sauce paste. The experiment was performed with five treatments and three replications. The ratio of black garlic concentration to the sauce paste in this experiment was 5:95 (A1), 10:90 (A2), 15:85 (A3), 20:80 (A4), and 25:75 (A5). The results showed that the black garlic concentration significantly affected the sauce's physical and chemical characteristics (Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), color intensity, viscosity, antioxidant activity, and total polyphenols). The organoleptic test showed that black garlic concentration significantly affected panelists' preference for color, taste, viscosity, and overall parameters and did not significantly affect aroma preference. The best treatment was the sauce with a 15:85 (A3) concentration ratio of black garlic to sauce paste. The best treatment sauce's physical characteristics were 34.23±0.17 °Brix TDS, 1.35±0.12 color intensity, and 0.41±0.05 Poise viscosity, while the chemical characteristics were 22.75±0.38% antioxidant activity and 1.07±0.21 mg GAE/g total polyphenols. The organoleptic test of the best treatment sauce's results was 5.97 color preference, 5.30 aroma, 5.57 taste, 5.43 viscosity, and 5.23 overall preference.Keywords: antioxidant, black garlic, organoleptic, product diversification, sauce AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi black garlic terhadap karakteristik fisik, kimia, dan organoleptik saus. Rancangan percobaan pada penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan faktor tunggal, yaitu perbandingan konsentrasi black garlic terhadap bahan saus. Percobaan dilakukan dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Perbandingan konsentrasi black garlic terhadap bahan saus pada percobaan ini adalah 5:95 (A1), 10:90 (A2), 15:85 (A3), 20:80 (A4), dan 25:75 (A5). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi black garlic berpengaruh nyata terhadap karakteristik fisik dan kimia saus, yaitu Total Padatan Terlarut (TPT), intensitas warna, viskositas, aktivitas antioksidan dan total polifenol. Uji organoleptik menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi black garlic berpengaruh nyata terhadap kesukaan panelis pada parameter warna, rasa, viskositas, dan keseluruhan, serta berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap kesukaan aroma. Perlakuan terbaik diperoleh pada saus dengan perbandingan konsentrasi black garlic terhadap bahan saus 15:85 (A3). Karakteristik fisik saus tersebut adalah TPT 34,23±0,17 °Brix, intensitas warna 1,35±0,12, dan viskositas 0,41±0,05 Poise, sedangkan karakteristik kimianya adalah aktivitas antioksidan 22,75±0,38% dan total polifenol 1,07±0,21 mg GAE/g. Hasil uji organoleptik terhadap saus dengan perlakuan terbaik adalah kesukaan warna 5,97, aroma 5,30, rasa 5,57, viskositas 5,43, dan keseluruhan 5,23.Kata kunci: antioksidan, black garlic, diversifikasi produk, organoleptik, saus
Optimization of Soursop (Annona muricata L.) Puree Concentration and Margarine on Quality of Muffins
Full text linkAbstractReducing the fat used in muffin production is necessary to produce muffins with low-fat content without changing physical characteristics. This reduction can be achieved by adding ingredients with high fiber content, such as soursop. This study aims to obtain the optimum concentration of soursop puree and margarine to produce muffins with the best texture, pore size, moisture content, and lowest fat content. The method used in this study is the Response Surface Methodology with the Central Composite Design using two factors, the concentration of soursop puree and margarine. The optimum treatment results obtained were the concentration of 16.159% soursop puree and 27.391% margarine with a hardness response of 3.390 ± 0.144 N, a pore size of 0.529 ± 0.046 mm2, a fat content of 8.302 ± 0.328%, and moisture content of 33.269 ± 0.397%. The optimum muffins have fat content, fiber content, carbohydrate content, hardness, pore size, reddish, yellowish, and taste attributes that are significantly different from control muffins. Moisture content, ash content, protein content, volume expansion, baking loss, density, brightness, attributes of color, aroma, texture, pores, and overall were not significantly different from the control muffins.Keywords: margarine, muffin, optimization, soursop puree AbstrakPenggunaan lemak perlu dikurangi untuk menghasilkan muffin dengan kadar lemak rendah tanpa mengubah karakteristik fisik. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan cara penambahan bahan yang memiliki kadar serat tinggi, salah satunya buah sirsak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi penambahan puree buah sirsak dan margarin yang optimum agar dihasilkan muffin dengan tekstur, ukuran pori, dan kadar air terbaik serta kadar lemak terendah. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Response Surface Methodology dengan rancangan Central Composite Design menggunakan dua faktor, yaitu konsentrasi puree buah sirsak dan margarin. Hasil perlakuan optimum yang diperoleh adalah konsentrasi puree buah sirsak 16,159% dan margarin 27,391% dengan respon kekerasan 3,390 ± 0,144 N, ukuran pori 0,529 ± 0,046 mm2, kadar lemak 8,302 ± 0,328%, dan kadar air 33,269 ± 0,397%. Muffin optimum memiliki kadar lemak, kadar serat, kadar karbohidrat, kekerasan, ukuran pori, kemerahan, kekuningan, dan atribut rasa yang berbeda signifikan dengan muffin kontrol. Kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, volume pengembangan, baking loss, densitas, kecerahan, atribut warna, aroma, tekstur, pori, dan keseluruhan tidak berbeda siginifikan dengan muffin kontrol.Kata kunci: margarin, muffin, optimasi, pure buah sirsa
Shelf-Life Estimation of Cabe Jamu (Piper retrofractum Vahl) Herbal Drink with the Addition of Benzoate Using Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (ASLT) Method
Full text linkAbstract This study aims to determine the cabe jamu (Piper retrofractum Vahl) herbal drink shelf-life with the addition of sodium benzoate concentration and determine the sodium benzoate addition effect on the cabe jamu herbal drink shelf-life. This research used Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (ASLT) method. Cabe jamu herbal drink was stored at 35 °C and 45 °C and then tested every week for 28 days. The test parameters used were pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), color, total microbes, and total phenolics. The results showed that the cabe jamu herbal drink without sodium benzoate addition stored at a lower temperature had a longer shelf-life. Cabe jamu herbal drink with 400 ppm sodium benzoate addition and stored at 35 °C has the most extended shelf-life, which was 201.21 days. Sodium benzoate addition had a significant effect on the cabe jamu herbal drink shelf-life at a temperature of 35 °C and 45 °C.Keywords: Accelerated Shelf-life Testing, cabe jamu herbal drink, shelf-life AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui umur simpan minuman herbal cabe jamu dengan penambahan konsentrasi natrium benzoat dan mengetahui pengaruh penambahan natrium benzoat terhadap umur simpan minuman herbal cabe jamu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (ASLT). Minuman herbal cabe jamu disimpan pada suhu 35 °C dan 45 °C kemudian diuji setiap minggu selama 28 hari. Parameter uji yang digunakan adalah pH, total padatan terlarut (TPT), warna, total mikroba, dan total fenolik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minuman herbal cabe jamu tanpa penambahan natrium benzoat mempunyai umur simpan yang lebih lama jika disimpan pada suhu yang lebih rendah. Minuman herbal cabe jamu dengan penambahan natrium benzoat 400 ppm dan disimpan pada suhu 35 °C mempunyai umur simpan terlama, yaitu 201,21 hari. Penambahan natrium benzoat berpengaruh signifikan terhadap umur simpan minuman herbal cabe jamu pada suhu 35 °C dan 45 °C.Kata kunci: Accelerated Shelf-life Testing, minuman herbal cabe jamu, umur simpa
Analysis of Bread Production Facilities Layout using BLOCPLAN Algorithm
Full text linkAbstractThis study aims to obtain an optimal facility layout by considering the distance between the workstations, transfer time, and material handling cost in a bakery. The research was conducted at a medium-scale bread producer CV Mumtaz Bakery in Banjarbaru City, South Kalimantan. The initial layout of CV Mumtaz Bakery's production facilities is considered as not optimal for production capacity up to 500 kg per day. The layout analysis and the appearance of improvement alternatives were carried out using the BLOCPLAN algorithm, and then the design implementation was carried out using CorelDraw software. Determination of the best layout alternative is based on the highest R-Score. The results showed that the best layout was the one with an R-Score of 0.86. This selected workstation layout has a total distance between processing stations of 31.70 m, a total transfer time of 25 seconds, and a material handling cost of IDR 434.29 for each batch. This layout will reduce the total material transfer distance and the material transfer time from the initial layout by 14.67% and 10.7% respectively.Keywords: BLOCPLAN, bread production, facilities layout, material handling cost AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh alternatif tata letak fasilitas yang lebih optimal dengan mempertimbangkan jarak antar proses produksi, waktu perpindahan, serta biaya penanganan bahan pada sebuah bakery. Penelitian dilakukan di CV Mumtaz Bakery yang merupakan produsen roti skala menengah di Kota Banjarbaru, Kalimantan Selatan. Tata letak fasilitas produksi CV Mumtaz Bakery dinilai masih belum optimal untuk kapasitas produksi hingga 500 kg per hari. Analisis tata letak dan penentuan alternatif perbaikan dilakukan menggunakan algoritma BLOCPLAN kemudian implementasi desain dilakukan dengan software CorelDraw. Penentuan alternatif tata letak terbaik berdasarkan pada R-Score tertinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tata letak terbaik adalah alternatif dengan R-Score sebesar 0,86. Tata letak fasilitas yang terpilih tersebut mempunyai total jarak antar fasilitas produksi sebesar 31,70 m, total waktu perpindahan 25 detik, dan biaya penanganan bahan Rp434,29 untuk setiap batch. Penerapan tata letak ini akan menurunkan total jarak perpindahan material dan waktu perpindahan bahan dari tata letak awal secara berturut-turut sebesar 14,67% dan 10,7%.Kata kunci: BLOCPLAN, biaya penanganan bahan, produksi roti, tata letak fasilita
Determination of Work Schedule Based on Employee Data Classification Using the Decision Tree Algorithm C4.5 Method
Full text linkAbstractThis study aims to create a work shift scheduling system based on data classification, as well as to determine its level of accuracy and provide schedule recommendations. The method used was the Decision Tree Algorithm C4.5 which functions as a classification system to form a work shift schedule. The study included 128 employees, and a total of 43 training data were obtained from a 1/3 split of the dataset, then processed using RapidMiner 5.3 data mining software. Furthermore, the rule of decision tree calculation results was used to classify employee and shift formation on the web system based on PHP and MySQL. The attributes of the decision-maker consist of gender, health records, age, and work unit. The classification found 96 employees who occupy the afternoon shift and 32 for the night shift. System testing was carried out using K-fold cross-validation, which produced an average accuracy of 93.39%, with the highest found in the six-fold cross-validation of 95.35%. Two-shift scheduling was proposed on the web system with a work shift rotation in the form of a metropolitan plan (2-2-2 rota).Keywords: scheduling, Decision Tree C4.5, employee AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sistem penjadwalan shift kerja berdasarkan klasifikasi data, mengetahui tingkat akurasi sistem penjadwalan shift kerja berdasarkan hasil klasifikasi, serta memberikan usulan jadwal shift kerja berdasarkan klasifikasi dari sistem penjadwalan kerja berbasis web. Metode yang digunakan adalah Decision Tree Algorithm C4.5 yang berfungsi sebagai pengklasifikasi untuk pembentukan penjadwalan shift kerja. Kebutuhan data dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 128 data tenaga kerja. Data training diperoleh melalui split 1/3 data tenaga kerja (43 data). Data training diolah menggunakan software data mining RapidMiner 5.3. Rule hasil perhitungan decision tree digunakan sebagai dasar klasifikasi tenaga kerja dan pembentukan shift pada sistem web berbasis PHP dan MySQL. Atribut pengambil keputusan terdiri dari atribut jenis kelamin, catatan kesehatan, usia, dan unit kerja. Hasil klasifikasi diperoleh 96 tenaga kerja yang menempati shift siang dan 32 tenaga kerja yang menempati shift malam. Pengujian sistem menggunakan K-fold cross validation menghasilkan rata-rata akurasi sebesar 93.39% dengan akurasi tertinggi pada six-fold cross validation sebesar 95.35%. Usulan rekayasa pada sistem web terdiri dari 2 shift kerja. Rotasi shift kerja mengadopsi tipe rotasi metropolitan plan (2-2-2 rota).Kata kunci: penjadwalan, Decision Tree C4.5, tenaga kerj
Effect of the Glycerol Addition on the Physical Characteristics of Biodegradable Plastic Made from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch
Full text linkAbstractPlastic is a packaging material used as a container to protect and store food as well as non-food products essential for the community, specifically in Indonesia. This study aims to examine the effect of glycerol addition as a plasticizer on the physical characteristics of biodegradable plastic made from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFBs). It was conducted through an experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments include P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5 with 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, and 3% glycerol, respectively, in the formulation of biodegradable plastic. The results showed that the addition of glycerol had significant effects on water resistance, vapor transmission rate, tensile strength, and elongation, but had no significant effect on the biodegradability of plastic. Furthermore, the addition of glycerol as a plasticizer improved the elongation of biodegradable plastic made from OPEFB, but did not improve the characteristics of water resistance, vapor transmission rate, and tensile strength. The P1 treatment produced the best result as it generated a water resistance of 2.226%, vapor transmission rate of 16.306 g/m2/hour, tensile strength of 2.430 MPa, and elongation of 18.950%. In addition, the biodegradable plastic was able to decompose in two weeks.Keywords: biodegradable plastic, glycerol, oil palm empty fruit bunch AbstrakPlastik merupakan bahan kemasan yang digunakan sebagai wadah untuk melindungi dan menyimpan produk pangan dan non-pangan yang penting bagi masyarakat, khususnya di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh penambahan gliserol sebagai plasticizer terhadap karakteristik fisik plastik biodegradable berbahan tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui eksperimen dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah P1, P2, P3, dan P4 dengan penambahan gliserol berturut-turut sebanyak 1%, 1,5%, 2%, 2,5%, dan 3% dalam formulasi plastik biodegradable. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan gliserol berpengaruh nyata terhadap ketahanan air, laju transmisi uap air, kekuatan tarik, dan perpanjangan, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap uji biodegradabilitas plastik biodegradable. Penambahan gliserol sebagai plasticizer meningkatkan elongasi plastik biodegradable dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit, namun tidak dapat meningkatkan karakteristik ketahanan air, laju transmisi uap air, dan kekuatan tarik. Perlakuan P1 adalah yang terbaik karena menghasilkan daya tahan air sebesar 2,226%, laju transmisi uap air sebesar 16,306 g/m2/jam, kuat tarik sebesar 2,430 MPa, dan elongasi sebesar 18,95%. Plastik biodegradable juga mampu terurai dalam waktu dua minggu.Kata kunci: gliserol, plastik biodegradable, tandan kosong kelapa sawit