Industria: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Agroindustri (University of Brawijaya)
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Risk Mitigation and Sustainability Status of The Seaweed Area for Food Sovereignty in Pasir Panjang, Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Full text linkAbstractThe potential seaweed cultivation area at Pasir Panjang Beach in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, faces various risks at every stage of its activities. This study aims to identify key risks, evaluate sustainability status, and formulate evidence-based mitigation strategies across five dimensions: production, post-harvest, economic, human resources, and institutional. Data were collected through field observations, water quality monitoring, interviews, and questionnaires distributed to 50 active farmer respondents and local experts. The Failure Mode and Effects Analysis method and Pareto diagram were used for risk analysis, Rapid Assessment Procedure - Rural Livelihoods (RAP-RL) for Multidimensional Scaling, leverage analysis to assess sustainability, and Monte Carlo simulation to measure the validity of the analysis results. The results indicate 30 risk drivers, with 16 priority risks consisting of 3 priority risks each in the post-harvest, institutional, and economic dimensions, three priority risks in the production dimension, and four priority risks in the human resources dimension. The highest sustainability index was in the human resources dimension (80.54), production (79.13), and economic (78.67), while post-harvest (33.76) and institutional (34.79) were classified as less sustainable. Mitigation strategies include using superior seeds, crop protection, farmer capacity building, institutional strengthening, and digital technology for the supply chain. Integrated interventions are needed to create an adaptive, resilient, and competitive seaweed cultivation system.Keywords: FMEA, food sovereignty, multidimensional scalling, Pareto, seaweedAbstrakKawasan potensial budidaya rumput laut di Pantai Pasir Panjang di Kota Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia menghadapi beragam risiko pada setiap tahapan kegiatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi risiko utama, mengevaluasi status keberlanjutan, dan merumuskan strategi mitigasi berbasis bukti pada lima dimensi: produksi, pasca panen, ekonomi, sumber daya manusia, dan kelembagaan. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi lapangan, pengamatan kualitas air, wawancara dan penyebaran kuesioner pada 50 responden petani aktif dan pakar lokal. Metode Failure Mode and Effects Analysis dan diagram Pareto digunakan untuk analisis risiko, Rapid Assessment Procedure - Rural Livelihoods (RAP-RL) untuk Multidimensional Scaling, analisis leverage untuk menilai keberlanjutan, dan simulasi Monte Carlo untuk mengukur validitas hasil analisis. Hasil menunjukkan 30 penyebab risiko, dengan 16 risiko prioritas yang terdiri dimensi pasca panen, kelembagaan, dan ekonomi masing-masing 3 risiko prioritas, dimensi produksi 3 risiko priotas, dan dimensi sumber daya manusia 4 risiko prioritas. Indeks keberlanjutan tertinggi pada dimensi sumber daya manusia (80,54), produksi (79,13), dan ekonomi (78,67), sedangkan pasca panen (33,76) dan kelembagaan (34,79) tergolong kurang berkelanjutan. Strategi mitigasi mencakup penggunaan bibit unggul, pelindung tanaman, peningkatan kapasitas petani, penguatan kelembagaan, serta pemanfaatan teknologi digital untuk rantai pasok. Intervensi terintegrasi diperlukan guna menciptakan sistem budidaya rumput laut yang adaptif, resilien, dan berdaya saing.Kata kunci: rumput laut, keberlanjutan, risiko, multidimensional scaling, Pantai Pasir Panjang
Formulation and Characterization of Spray Hand Sanitizer from Cuttlefish Bone Chitosan (Sepia sp.) as an Antibacterial Agent
Full text linkAbstractHand hygiene is crucial to prevent infection, while repeated alcohol use risks disrupting the skin barrier. This study formulated a hand sanitizer spray based on cuttlefish bone chitosan and evaluated its physicochemical quality and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Chitosan was isolated through deproteinization, demineralization, and deacetylation, resulting in a 30% yield, 5.23% moisture content, 3.36% ash content, and a 74.78% deacetylation degree. The study used a completely randomized design with chitosan concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%. Results were analyzed using ANOVA for pH, viscosity, and inhibition zone. Significant differences were further tested using DMRT at a 5% significance level. The results showed an increase in pH from 8.38 ± 0.10 to 9.26 ± 0.47, viscosity from 750 ± 250 cP to 4517 ± 680 cP, and inhibition zone from 9.07 ± 1.33 mm to 25.43 ± 3.96 mm. The 5% formula had the best spray comfort despite its low activity, the 15% formula produced the most significant inhibition but had high viscosity, while the 10% formula provided the best compromise with potent antibacterial activity and functional viscosity. The pH value at 10% was still above the ideal skin range of 4.5–6.5, so buffer optimization was necessary. These findings confirm the potential of cuttlefish bone chitosan as an effective and environmentally friendly non-alcoholic alternative when pH and rheology are tightly controlled.Keywords: cuttlefish bone chitosan, Escherichia coli, pH, spray hand sanitizer, viscosity AbstrakKebersihan tangan berperan penting dalam pencegahan infeksi, sementara penggunaan alkohol berulang berisiko mengganggu sawar kulit. Penelitian ini merumuskan spray hand sanitizer berbasis kitosan tulang sotong dan mengevaluasi mutu fisikokimia dan aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap Escherichia coli. Kitosan diisolasi melalui deproteinasi, demineralisasi, dan deasetilasi yang menghasilkan rendemen 30%, kadar air 5,23%, kadar abu 3,36%, dan derajat deasetilasi 74,78%. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan perlakuan konsentrasi kitosan 5%, 10%, dan 15%. Hasil dianalisis dengan ANOVA pada parameter pH, viskositas, dan zona hambat. Perbedaan nyata diuji lanjut dengan DMRT pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil menunjukkan pH meningkat 8,38 ± 0,10 hingga 9,26 ± 0,47, viskositas 750 ± 250 cP hingga 4517 ± 680 cP, dan zona hambat 9,07 ± 1,33 mm hingga 25,43 ± 3,96 mm. Formula 5% memiliki kenyamanan semprot terbaik meski aktivitasnya rendah, formula 15% menghasilkan hambatan terbesar namun viskositasnya tinggi, sedangkan formula 10% memberikan kompromi terbaik dengan aktivitas antibakteri kuat dan viskositas fungsional. Nilai pH pada 10% masih di atas rentang ideal kulit 4,5–6,5 sehingga optimasi penyangga diperlukan. Temuan ini menegaskan potensi kitosan tulang sotong sebagai alternatif non-alkohol yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan saat pH serta reologi dikendalikan ketat.Kata kunci: Escherichia coli, kitosan tulang sotong, pH, spray hand sanitizer, viskositas
Laney P' Chart Effectiveness in Quality Control of Cigar Production
Full text linkAbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Laney p' chart in overcoming the limitations of conventional p-chart in cigar quality control, especially in handling overdispersion of production data. Overdispersion often occurs in agricultural processes with large sample sizes, resulting in narrow control limits and false alarms. The study was conducted at PT Taru Martani, using cigar quality data from three main production units from August 2021 to July 2022. A quantitative descriptive approach was used to analyze the proportion of product defects. Initial analysis with conventional p-chart showed that 29,140 units in the Cocoon Unit, 23,602 units in the Rolling Unit, and 5,987 units in the Dry Cigar Unit were out of control due to overdispersion. After the Laney p' chart application, the control limits were expanded to 234.7%, significantly reducing false alarms and increasing sensitivity to actual variations in the data. The analysis showed that Laney p' chart was more effective in identifying relevant process variations. The process in the Dry Cigar Unit continued to show instability, likely due to humidity and raw material quality fluctuations. These findings highlight the importance of environmental control and raw material stability in maintaining product quality. This study provided practical contributions to the quality control of high-value agricultural products. It is recommended that further studies explore the integration of other statistical methods and study deeply the relationship between external factors and product quality.Keywords: Agricultural products, cigars, Laney p' chart, overdispersion, quality control AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas Laney p' chart dalam mengatasi keterbatasan p-chart konvensional pada pengendalian mutu cerutu, khususnya dalam menangani overdispersi data produksi. Overdispersi sering kali muncul dalam proses agrikultur dengan ukuran sampel besar, menghasilkan batas kendali yang sempit dan alarm palsu. Studi dilakukan di PT Taru Martani, menggunakan data mutu cerutu dari tiga unit produksi utama selama Agustus 2021 hingga Juli 2022. Pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif digunakan untuk menganalisis proporsi kecacatan produk. Analisis awal dengan p-chart konvensional menunjukkan bahwa 29.140 unit di Unit Kepompong, 23.602 unit di Unit Pelintingan, dan 5.987 unit di Unit Cerutu Kering berada di luar kendali akibat overdispersi. Setelah penerapan Laney p' chart, batas kendali diperluas hingga 234,7%, mengurangi alarm palsu secara signifikan dan meningkatkan sensitivitas terhadap variasi nyata dalam data. Hasil analisis menunjukkan Laney p' chart lebih efektif dalam mengidentifikasi variasi proses yang relevan. Proses di Unit Cerutu Kering, misalnya, tetap menunjukkan ketidakstabilan, kemungkinan akibat fluktuasi kelembaban dan kualitas bahan baku. Temuan ini menyoroti pentingnya pengendalian lingkungan dan stabilitas bahan baku dalam menjaga mutu produk. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi praktis dalam pengendalian mutu produk agrikultur bernilai tinggi. Disarankan agar studi lanjutan mengeksplorasi integrasi metode statistik lain dan mempelajari hubungan lebih dalam antara faktor eksternal dengan mutu produk.Kata kunci: Cerutu, Laney p' chart, overdispersi, pengendalian mutu, produk agrikultu
Ergonomic Design of Shovel to Improve Productivity in Sorghum Silage Industry
Full text link AbstractSorghum silage production is an important process in the animal feed industry. However, manually transferring chopped sorghum with existing shovels can increase workers' risk of musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to design an ergonomic shovel to reduce the risk of injury and improve work efficiency. The shovel design was developed based on worker anthropometric data and the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) approach. Ergonomic evaluation was conducted using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method, while productivity was measured based on worker energy consumption and work capacity. The results showed that the ergonomic shovel reduced the ergonomic risk score from 11 to 4, indicating a significant improvement in work posture. The average heart rate of workers after work decreased from 195–201 beats per minute to 118–122 beats per minute. Productivity increased from 1.06–1.13 kg/kcal to 4.09–4.41 kg/kcal, indicating increased work energy efficiency. The shovel's ergonomic design has a 72 cm handle length, 3 cm handle diameter, and stainless steel material, which has proven more comfortable to use and reduces the worker's physiological burden. This study's results confirm that applying ergonomic principles in designing work tools can improve worker welfare and the efficiency of the sorghum silage industry. Further test is needed for validation on a broader scale.Keywords: ergonomics, musculoskeletal disorders, productivity, sorghum silage, tool design AbstrakProduksi silase sorgum merupakan proses penting dalam industri pakan ternak. Aktivitas pemindahan manual irisan sorgum dengan sekop eksisting dapat meningkatkan risiko gangguan muskuloskeletal pada pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang sekop ergonomis untuk mengurangi risiko cedera dan meningkatkan efisiensi kerja. Desain sekop dikembangkan berdasarkan data antropometri pekerja serta pendekatan Quality Function Deployment (QFD). Evaluasi ergonomi dilakukan menggunakan metode Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), sedangkan produktivitas diukur berdasarkan konsumsi energi dan kapasitas kerja pekerja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sekop ergonomis menurunkan skor risiko ergonomi dari 11 menjadi 4 yang mengindikasikan perbaikan postur kerja yang signifikan. Rata-rata denyut nadi pekerja setelah bekerja menurun dari 195–201 denyut per menit menjadi 118–122 denyut per menit. Produktivitas meningkat dari 1,06–1,13 kg/kkal menjadi 4,09–4,41 kg/kkal, menunjukkan peningkatan efisiensi energi kerja. Desain ergonomis sekop dengan panjang gagang 72 cm, diameter pegangan 3 cm, serta material baja tahan karat terbukti lebih nyaman digunakan dan mengurangi beban fisiologis pekerja. Hasil penelitian ini memastikan bahwa penerapan prinsip ergonomi dalam desain alat kerja dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan pekerja dan efisiensi industri silase sorgum. Pengujian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk validasi dalam skala yang lebih luas.Kata kunci: desain alat, ergonomi, gangguan muskuloskeletal, produktivitas, silase sorgum
Assessment Model of Halal Good Manufacturing Practice in Bakery SMEs
Full text linkAbstractBakery products are in great demand among Indonesians today. Therefore, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) of bakeries have an essential role in creating products that are guaranteed to be halal and safe, following regulations in Indonesia. This research aims to design a Halal Good Manufacturing Practice (HGMP) assessment model for “X” Bakery to improve product quality. HGMP integrates the criteria of Indonesia's Halal Assurance System, called Sistem Jaminan Produk Halal (SJPH), and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). The Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method evaluates company performance based on HGMP criteria and translates it into technical responses. The Pareto diagram determines the priority of HGMP criteria and technical responses. The identification results show 56 valid HGMP criteria for “X” Bakery, consisting of location and environment, buildings, facilities, employees, production, and storage. Implementing the assessment model at “X” Bakery resulted in 40 HGMP criteria that needed improvement and 12 technical responses that needed to be prioritized in meeting the HGMP criteria. This HGMP assessment model is hoped to help “X” Bakery improve the quality of halal, safe, high-quality products.Keywords: assesment model, bakery, good manufacturing practice, halal, quality function deployment AbstrakBakery merupakan salah satu produk pangan yang banyak diminati masyarakat Indonesia saat ini. Oleh karena itu, Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM) bakery memiliki peran penting dalam menghasilkan produk yang terjamin kehalalan dan keamanannya sesuai dengan regulasi yang berlaku di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang model asesmen Halal Good Manufacturing Practice (HGMP) pada Bakery “X” dalam meningkatkan kualitas produk. HGMP mengintegrasikan kriteria Sistem Jaminan Produk Halal (SJPH) dan Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). Metode Quality Function Deployment (QFD) digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja perusahaan berdasarkan kriteria HGMP dan menerjemahkannya ke dalam respon teknis. Diagram Pareto digunakan untuk menentukan prioritas kriteria HGMP dan respon teknis. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan 56 kriteria HGMP yang valid untuk Bakery “X” yang terdiri dari aspek lokasi dan lingkungan, bangunan, fasilitas, karyawan, produksi, dan penyimpanan. Implementasi model asesmen pada Bakery “X” menghasilkan 40 kriteria HGMP yang perlu ditingkatkan dan 12 respon teknis yang perlu diprioritaskan terlebih dahulu dalam memenuhi kriteria HGMP. Model asesmen HGMP ini diharapkan dapat membantu Bakery “X” dalam meningkatkan kualitas produk yang halal, aman, dan bermutu.Kata Kunci: assesment model, bakery, good manufacturing practice, halal, quality function deployment
Shelf-life Prediction of Canned Pacri Nanas Using the Accelerated Shelf-life Test (ASLT) Method
No full textAbstractPacri nanas is a traditional Malay food made from fresh pineapple cooked with various herbs/spices and coconut milk. Pacri nanas can be marketed more widely if packed in cans. This study aims to estimate the shelf-life of canned pacri nanas using the Accelerated Shelf-Life Test (ASLT) method. The storage temperatures used in this study were 35 °C, 45 °C, and 55 °C. The parameters observed were sensory characteristics: color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall appearance. The results showed that all parameters decreased during storage, as indicated by the negative slope graph. The first-order reaction affects the sensory parameters decrease during storage. The lowest activation energy (Ea) value used to determine the product shelf-life is the aroma parameter with the regression equation y = -2416.4x + 5.9911, so the resulting activation energy is 4798.97 cal/mol. The shelf-life of pacri nanas at storage temperatures of 35 °C, 45 °C, and 55 °C were 11.3, 8.8, and 7.0 months, respectively. Storage of canned pacri nanas is recommended at room temperature (30 °C) with an estimated shelf-life of 12.8 months.Keywords: pineapple, storage life, traditional food AbstrakPacri nanas adalah makanan tradisional Melayu yang terbuat dari nanas segar yang dimasak dengan berbagai bumbu/rempah dan santan. Pacri nanas bisa dipasarkan lebih luas jika dikemas dalam kaleng. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperkirakan umur simpan dengan metode Accelerated Shelf-Life Test (ASLT) pada pacri nanas yang dikemas dalam kaleng. Suhu penyimpanan pacri nanas tersebut pada penelitian ini adalah 35 °C, 45 °C, dan 55 °C. Parameter yang diamati adalah karakteristik sensorik, yaitu warna, aroma, rasa, tekstur, dan kenampakan secara keseluruhan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh parameter mengalami penurunan selama penyimpanan yang ditunjukkan dengan grafik dengan kemiringan negatif. Reaksi yang memengaruhi penurunan parameter sensorik selama penyimpanan merupakan reaksi orde pertama. Nilai energi aktivasi (Ea) terkecil yang digunakan untuk menentukan umur simpan produk adalah parameter aroma dengan persamaan regresi y = -2416,4x + 5,9911 sehingga energi aktivasi yang dihasilkan adalah 4798,97 kal/mol. Umur simpan pacri nanas pada suhu penyimpanan 35 °C, 45 °C, dan 55 °C masing-masing adalah 11,3, 8,8, dan 7,0 bulan. Penyimpanan pacri nanas yang dikemas dalam kaleng dianjurkan pada suhu ruangan (30 °C) dengan perkiraan umur simpan 12,8 bulan.Kata kunci: makanan tradisional, nanas, waktu penyimpanan
Influence of Cultivars and Cultivation Land Slope on Sensory Quality of Gayo Arabica Coffee
Full text linkAbstractAll processes involved influence the quality of brewed coffee. One factor that has not been explored well is the influence of environmental conditions, such as cultivation land slopes. This research examines the influence of cultivation area position on the taste quality of coffee from three local cultivars commonly cultivated in the Gayo Highlands. This research used a factorial randomized block design consisting of 2 factors: cultivar (V) and land area (H). The cultivars (V) observed were V1 = Timtim, V2= Borbor, V3 = Ateng Super, and V4 = multi variety. The expanse of coffee cultivation land (H) consists of M1 = flat expanse of land and M2 = sloping expanse of land with a slope of 25%-35%. The experiment was carried out with three replications. The results showed that the coffee brew from Ateng Super had higher acidity (low pH value, 4.90) than the other two cultivars. Cupping test results show that sloping land tends to produce better-tasting coffee brews. Borbor planted on sloping land produces coffee with the highest cupping score. The total cupping score for all treatments ranged from 80,04 – 85,08 with mean value 83,89, which shows that the coffee in this study meets the category of specialty coffee based on the standards of the Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA).Keywordss: arabica, coffee, cupping test, Gayo Highland, quality AbstrakMutu seduhan kopi sebagai produk akhir sangat dipengaruhi sejak awal proses hingga penyeduhan. Salah satu faktor yang belum terkesplorasi dengan baik adalah pengaruh kondisi lingkungan, seperti kemiringan lahan tanam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh posisi hamparan lahan tanam terhadap kualitas cita rasa kopi dari tiga kultivar lokal yang umum dibudidayakan di Dataran Tinggi Gayo. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor, yaitu kultivar (V) dan hamparan lahan (H). Kultivar (V) yang diamati adalah V1 = Timtim, V2 = Borbor dan V3 = Ateng Super dan V4 = multivarietas. Hamparan lahan tanam kopi (H) terdiri dari M1 = hamparan lahan datar, dan M2 = hamparan lahan miring dengan tingkat kemiringan 25-35%. Eksperimen dilakukan dengan 3 (tiga) ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seduhan kopi dari Ateng Super memiliki keasaman tinggi (nilai pH rendah, 4,90) dibandingkan dua kultivar lainnya. Hasil uji cita rasa menunjukkan bahwa hamparan lahan miring cenderung menghasilkan seduhan kopi bercita rasa lebih baik. Borbor yang ditanam pada lahan miring menghasilkan seduhan kopi dengan cupping score tertinggi. Total cupping score semua perlakuan berkisar80,04-85,08 dengan rerata 83,89 yang menunjukkan bahwa kopi yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini masuk dalam katagori kopi specialty berdasarkan standar Specialty Coffee Association of America (SCAA).Kata kunci: arabika, cupping test, dataran tinggi Gayo, kopi, kualita
