Shukutoku University Academic Repository / 淑徳大学学術機関リポジトリ
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The Meanings of the Word Bungaku (文学) : Diverged in the Early Years of Meiji Era
Get PDFThis study discusses the change in the meanings of the word Bungaku in Japan.
Bungaku first appeared in a Chinese book Rongo: a record of Confucius and his disciplesﾕ acts and sayings. Originally, it referred to the study of Chinese classics. This meaning had been prolonged both in China and in Japan. In the early years of Meiji （1868s and 1879s）, however, it was referred to various meanings in Japanese essays and articles. This suggests that its meaning fluctuated during this period. It finally settled as the translation of an English word Literature, referring to poems, novels, and dramas.6論
Yukio Mishima and Hideki Noda : Function of "Noh-play"
Get PDFHideki Noda's drama "The Diver" makes 'Noh play' a theme. Though 'Noh play' is a traditional Japanese theater of Japan. This work of Noda catches a very modern problem as shown in the name of "Noh-play collection of the present age". Compared with Yukio Mishima "Modern Noh play collection", The present age and the criticism of Hideki Noda's play were considered.7論
Local Development with B-class Gourmet Projects
Get PDFThe sophomores and juniors who joined Prof. Iwamura's seminars in 2009 academic year focused case studies of local community development along with "B-Class gourmet" projects. Today in Japan, many local municipalities suffer from economic slowdowns and extinction of local industries. Therefore, they have begun to think of welcoming people from outside of their community by providing reasonable local gourmet food and meals so that they can activate their hometowns. There are many types of local gourmet courtesy. Students at seminars presented many cases of such and Prof. Iwamura summarizes their reports.11研究ノー
The history of “Rikugien” : The focus of Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu's era
Get PDFRikugien (六義園) is a kind of daimyo teien (大名庭園) or feudal lord's garden in Bunkyo Ward, in Tokyo. This feudal lord is Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu (柳澤吉保：1658～1714) .Yoshiyasu is the top of the 5th Tokugawa Shogun Tsunayoshi's (徳川綱吉：1646～1709 reign 1680～1709) reign.
In Genroku period (元禄時代：1688～1704), Yoshiyasu got an estate from Tsunayoshi, that is the Rikugien scene. This estate consists of two parts. One is the garden, another is a villa.
By the way, Yoshiyasu loved waka (和歌：traditional Japanese poetry). So he designed the scene based on 6 meanings of the essence of waka. Rikugi (六義). means these 6 essences. Yoshiyasu established 88 picturesqe places (八十八景) in the garden based on 6 meanings. Among all he loved "Niitamamatsu" (新玉松), that is the place warshiped as a waka god "Tamatsushima" (玉津嶋), this place is hold to pray at "Wakanoura" (和歌の浦) in Wakayama prefecture. Yoshiyasu and his family offered hundred waka poems (新玉松奉納百首和歌), and prayedthe progress in their composing wakas.
Rikugien has about 15 years history in Yoshiyasu days. The estate was incresed 4 times by Tsunayoshi, finally it came to about 2 hundred thousand km2.
After his retirement, Yoshiyasu was pleased with this garden and composed wakas, and 1714 he passed away at Rikugien.
This is the abstract of this paper.2論
Teaching practice in class and its result in the preliminary phase of teacher training
Get PDFThe purpose of this study note is to explore various methods to develop practical teaching abilities. Recent findings clearly show that young teachers are generally weak at class management and communication with children. The first report by the Educational Personnel Training Council (1997) argued that it was the responsibility of the university to help develop the basis of practical teaching abilities for would-be teachers. In order to acquire such skills, it is essential that students undergo in-class teaching experiences. Our curriculum has practical teacher training programs for the first to the third grade students. Every year, students have two weeks of practical teaching experiences at the actual school (elementary or kindergarten). It has been made clear that these experiences make them develop remarkably as teachers in many ways. This note discusses the positive effects such school experiences have for students as early as when they are in their first grade, and the danger of students acquiring the naïve view of education away from the actual classroom.
This note also suggests that in order for the students to utilize their practical teaching skills to a high standard, our educational system should include the post-training sessions whereby students can reflect on their classroom experiences meta-cognitively.8調
Animals and Sentiment of "Pain" in the Early 19th Century American Home: Modern Family and Feelings of "Kindness to Animals"
Get PDFThis paper focuses on feelings of kindness to animals in the early 19th century and analyzes roles of the feelings in the modern family in the United States of America. Examining so-called domestic books such as conduct books, child books and sentimental novels published in the early 19th century, I discuss the following three points. Firstly, the feelings of kindness to animals were significant messages to teach children the value of tolerance, love, and self-control. Secondly, the feelings were also core images to shape ideal parenthood such as affectionate mothers and calm nonviolent fathers. Finally, by recommending thoughtful treatment toward animals and children, the domestic books in the era offered sentiment of non-violence to people of the middle-class. By arguing these points, this paper shows that the benevolent feelings to animals played crucial roles to embody depictions of home as "heaven and sanctuary" for people of middle-class in the era.8論
The Current Status and The Future Tasks for School Social Workers : The research results of Mitaka-city in Tokyo
Get PDFThe Summary reports that “The current status and the future tasks for school social workers” based on “The research - the effective leverages of school social workers” which was commissioned by Tokyo Mitaka-city education board.
The research aimed to understand problem consciousness or experiences for; (1) the acknowledge of school social workers by Elementary school and Joiner high school teachers, (2) bullying, school refusal or Child abuse. The interviews were also conducted among the stuffs of authority concerned under the same objectives.
The results tell that the acknowledge of school social workers were not high but the expectations for their activities were quite strong. Especially, the expectations for coalition were high beyond schools like, the approaches to guardians and the coalition with regional authority concerned. Cultivate quality of school social workers and consecutive positioning are necessary to meet the expectations from teachers.6研究ノー
The School Principal of Keizyo Maizuru Public Girls’ High School under the late Japanese Colonial Rule and the actual Conditions of the Unification between Japan and Korea (3)
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to clarify the School Principal of Keizyo Maizuru Public Girls’ High School under the late Japanese Colonial Rule and the actual Conditions of the Unification between Japan and Korea. Therefore, this paper focuses on the following three points.
\n1．Keizyo Maizuru Public Girls’ High School students studied Subjects.
Teacher - Student Relationships and Student - Student Relationships.
2．Keizyo Maizuru Public Girls’ High School’s alumnae association.
Mutual relation and Interchange between Japan and Korea.
3．Celebrate the 60th anniversary of founding of Keizyo Maizuru Public Girls’ High School. The Japanese 48 persons visitors attended the ceremony and welcome party.
\nWorthy of special mention; It happened to meet Korean - Japanese graduates after 55th year’s separation when the 60th anniversary of founding ceremony and welcome party.1論
Accounting and Financial Reporting for Pensions an amendment of GASB Statement No.25 and No.27
Get PDFThe Government Accounting Standards Board (GASB) has issued two Exposure Drafts proposing improvements to Financial reporting of pensions by state and local government: accounting and Financial Reporting for Pensions and Financial Reporting for Pension Plans. The documents would propose amendments to the existing pension standards to improve how the cost and obligations associated with the pensions that governments provide to their employees are calculated and reported. The first Exposure Draft, Accounting and Financial Reporting for Pensions (Pension Exposure Draft), primarily relates to reporting by governments that provide pensions to their employees. A second related Exposure Draft, Financial Reporting for Pension Plans, (Pension Plan Exposure Draft), addresses the reporting by the pension plans that administer those benefits.
Users of state and local government financial reports have the GASB that current standards do not provide enough information to adequately understand the cost the liability for benefits promised to active and retired employees, stated GASB Chairman. The proposals contains in the Exposure Drafts are the result of research and extensive deliberations by the Board to address these issues and make financial reporting of pensions more transparent, comparable and useful to citizens, legislators, and bond analysts.4論
Seeking Class Activities to Motivate Students in English Conversation Classes
Get PDFLately, students have been found to have low motivation in their study of English in university classes. In this article, the need for young adults to learn English and the current trends in the study of English by Japanese university students will be addressed.
On the basis of the literature review, some suggestions will be offered to deal with this type of students. In the closing section, the results of a brief study to determine the types of class activities that these students prefer will be detailed. The results showed that the activities preferred varied depending on their knowledge and skills of English. Therefore, English-language educators should assess the level of English of the students before deciding on the most appropriate activities. In addition, they also should be capable of flexibly modifying the contents of the activities as students improve their English.3研究ノー