Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology
Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology RepositoryNot a member yet
1453 research outputs found
Sort by
Determination of melamine and it’s analogues in dairy and melamine products by GC-MS
No full text審定書
授權書
目錄 i
圖目錄 iii
表目錄 i
致謝 ii
摘要 iv
Abstract v
第一章 緒論 - 1 -
第一節、 前言 - 1 -
第二節、 三聚氰胺與其副產物之介紹 - 3 -
第三節、 研究目的 - 9 -
第二章 實驗材料與方法 - 11 -
第一節、 儀器設備 - 11 -
第二節、 樣品及藥品 - 12 -
第三節、 實驗流程與分析步驟 - 13 -
第四節、 實驗驗證 - 19 -
第三章 結果與討論 - 21 -
第一節、 建立GC-MS分析系統 - 21 -
第二節、 分析系統的條件探討 - 21 -
第三節、 實驗驗證 - 26 -
第四節、 分析系統的應用探討 - 30 -
第四章 結論 - 32 -
參考文獻 - 63 -
參考文獻
1. 張恩銓，黃福永，葉茂榮。三聚氰胺知多少。科學發展。2008年。431期: 68-72頁。
2. FDA, Interim melamine and analogues safety/risk assessment. 2007.
3. Roy L. M. Dobson, Safa Motlagh, Mike Quijano, R. Thomas Cambron, Timothy R. Baker, Aletha M. Pullen, Brian T. Regg, Adrienne S. Bigalow-Kern, Thomas Vennard, Andrew Fix, Renate Reimschuessel, Gary Overmann, Yuching Shan, and George P. Daston, Identification and characterization of toxicity of contaminants in pet food leading to an outbreak of renal toxicity in cats and dogs. Toxicol Sci, 2008. 106(1): p. 251-62.
4. Balabushevich, N.G. and N.I. Larionova, Protein-loaded microspheres prepared by sequential adsorption of dextran sulphate and protamine on melamine formaldehyde core. J Microencapsul, 2008: p. 1-8.
5. Yu, Chen, Zhu Lihua, Xiao Junyan, Tang Heqing, Guo Gang, Zeng Qingqun, Wang, Xianbin, Ultrasonic extraction and determination of cyanuric acid in pet food. Food Control, 2009. 20(3): p. 205-208.
6. Cathy A. Brown, Kyu-Shik Jeong, Robert H. Poppenga, Birgit Puschner, Doris M. Miller, Angela E. Ellis, Kyung-Il Kang, Steffen Sum, Alexis M. Cistola, Scott A. Brown, Outbreaks of renal failure associated with melamine and cyanuric acid in dogs and cats in 2004 and 2007. J Vet Diagn Invest, 2007. 19(5): p. 525-31.
7. Birgit Puschner, Robert H. Poppenga, Linda J. Lowenstine, Michael S. Filigenzi, Patricia A. Pesavento, Assessment of melamine and cyanuric acid toxicity in cats. J Vet Diagn Invest, 2007. 19(6): p. 616-24.
8. Burns, K., Events leading to the major recall of pet foods. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 2007. 230(11): p. 1600-20.
9. Burns, K., Recall shines spotlight on pet foods. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 2007. 230(9): p. 1285-8.
10. Outbreak news. Melamine-contaminated powdered infant formula, China. Wkly Epidemiol Rec, 2008. 83(39): p. 350.
11. Lang, L., FDA updates health information advisory on melamine contamination. Gastroenterology, 2008. 135(5): p. 1441.
12. Outbreak news. Melamine contamination, China. Wkly Epidemiol Rec, 2008. 83(40): p. 358.
13. D Coulombier, C Heppner, S Fabiansson, A Tarantola, A Cochet, Peter Kreidl, R Reintjes, Melamine contamination of dairy products in China--public health impact on citizens of the European Union. Euro Surveill, 2008. 13(40).
14. Parry, J., China's tainted milk scandal spreads around world. BMJ, 2008. 337: p. a1890.
15. Hung, B.P., China's tainted infant formula: What WHO should do. BMJ, 2008. 337: p. a2073.
16. Lattupalli, R., J. Yee, and A. Kolluru, Nephrotoxicity of mala fide melamine: modern era milk scandal. ScientificWorldJournal, 2008. 8: p. 949-50.
17. Anonymous, In brief: melamine. Med Lett Drugs Ther, 2008. 50(1297): p. 81-84.
18. Cianciolo, R. E., Bischoff, K., Ebel, J. G., Van Winkle, T. J., Goldstein, R. E., Serfilippi, L. M., Clinicopathologic, histologic, and toxicologic findings in 70 cats inadvertently exposed to pet food contaminated with melamine and cyanuric acid. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 2008. 233(5): p. 729-37.
19. Parry, J., Contaminated infant formula sickens 6200 babies in China. BMJ, 2008. 337: p. a1738.
20. Parry, J., China's tainted infant formula sickens nearly 13,000 babies. BMJ, 2008. 337: p. a1802.
21. Yang, V.L. and D. Batlle, Acute renal failure from adulteration of milk with melamine. ScientificWorldJournal, 2008. 8: p. 974-5.
22. Reimschuessel, R., Gieseker, C. M., Miller, R. A., Ward, J.,Boehmer, J., Rummel, N., Heller, D. N., Nochetto, C., de Alwis, G. K., Bataller, N., Andersen, W. C., Turnipseed, S. B., Karbiwnyk, C. M., Satzger, R. D., Crowe, J. B., Wilber, N. R., Reinhard, M. K., Roberts, J. F., Witkowski, M. R., Evaluation of the renal effects of experimental feeding of melamine and cyanuric acid to fish and pigs. Am J Vet Res, 2008. 69(9): p. 1217-28.
23. Chan, E.Y., S.M. Griffiths, and C.W. Chan, Public-health risks of melamine in milk products. Lancet, 2008. 372(9648): p. 1444-5.
24. Hugh S Lam, Pak C Ng, Winnie C W Chu, William Wong, Dorothy F Y Chan, Stella S Ho, Ka T Wong, Anil T Ahuja, Chi K Li, Renal screening in children after exposure to low dose melamine in Hong Kong: cross sectional study. BMJ, 2008. 337: p. a2991.
25. Roberto Muñiz-Valencia, Silvia G. Ceballos-Magaña, Daniel Rosales-Martinez, Raquel Gonzalo-Lumbreras, Ana Santos-Montes, Angel, Cubedo-Fernandez-Trapiella, Roberto C. Izquierdo-HornillosMethod development and validation for melamine and its derivatives in rice concentrates by liquid chromatography. Application to animal feed samples. Anal Bioanal Chem, 2008. 392(3): p. 523-31.
26. Ronald E. Baynes, Geof Smith, Sharon E. Mason, Erica Barrett, Beth M. Barlow, Jim E. Riviere, Pharmacokinetics of melamine in pigs following intravenous administration. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2008. 46(3): p. 1196-1200.
27. Shin Ono, Tatsuo Funato, Yasuhiko Inoue, Tetsue Munechika, Toshiaki Yoshimura, Hiroyuki Morita, Sei-Ichi Rengakuji, Choichiro Shimasaki, Determination of melamine derivatives, melame, meleme, ammeline and ammelide by high-performance cation-exchange chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 1998. 815(2): p. 197-204.
28. Ehling, S., S. Tefera, and I.P. Ho, High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous detection of the adulteration of cereal flours with melamine and related triazine by-products ammeline, ammelide, and cyanuric acid. Food Addit Contam, 2007. 24(12): p. 1319-25.
29. Sugita, T., H. Ishiwata, and K. Yoshihira, Release of formaldehyde and melamine from tableware made of melamine-formaldehyde resin. Food Addit Contam, 1990. 7(1): p. 21-7.
30. CHOU, S.-S., D.-F. HWANG, and H.-F. LEE, High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Cyromazine and Its Derivative Melamine in Poultry Meats and Eggs. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 2003. 11(4): p. 290-295.
31. Bradley, E. L., Boughtflower, V., Smith, T. L., Speck, D. R., Castle, L., Survey of the migration of melamine and formaldehyde from melamine food contact articles available on the UK market. Food Addit Contam, 2005. 22(6): p. 597-606.
32A. Bozzi, M. Dhananjeyan, I. Guasaquillo, S. Parra, C. Pulgarin, C. Weins, J. Kiwi, Evolution of toxicity during melamine photocatalysis with TiO2 suspensions. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2004. 162(1): p. 179-185.
33. Jutzi, K., A.M. Cook, and R. Hutter, The degradative pathway of the s-triazine melamine. The steps to ring cleavage. Biochem J, 1982. 208(3): p. 679-84.
34. Daniel R. Shelton, Jeffrey S. Karns, Greg W. Mccarty, Don R. Durham, Metabolism of Melamine by Klebsiella terragena. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1997. 63(7): p. 2832-2835.
35. Kirk, O., Encyclopedia of chemical technology (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1993. Vol. 7: p. 834-851.
36. Canelli, E., Chemical, bacteriological, and toxicological properties of cyanuric acid and chlorinated isocyanurates as applied to swimming pool disinfection: a review. Am J Public Health, 1974. 64(2): p. 155-162.
37. Gaëlle Goutailler, Jean-Christophe Valette, Chantal Guillard, Olivier Païssé, René Faure, Photocatalysed degradation of cyromazine in aqueous titanium dioxide suspensions: comparison with photolysis. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2001. 141(1): p. 79-84.
38. Mark Radosevich, Samuel J. Traina, Yue-Lihao, Olli H. Tuovinen, Degradation and mineralization of atrazine by a soil bacterial isolate. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1995. 61(1): p. 297-302.
39. 江泉觀，紀云晶，常元勛。環境化學毒物防治手冊[M]。化學工業出版社。2004年。937頁。
40. NTP, Carcinogenesis bioassay of melamine (CAS No. 108-78-1) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (feed study). Research Triangle Park, NC, and Bethesda, MD, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Toxicology Program, 1983. (NTP Technical Report Series No. 245; NTP-81-86; NIH Publication No. 83-2501;
http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/htdocs/LT_rpts/tr245.pdf).
41. Melnick, R. L., Boorman, G. A., Haseman, J. K., Montali, R. J., Huff, J., Urolithiasis and bladder carcinogenicity of melamine in rodents. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 1984. 72(2): p. 292-303.
42. IUCLID Chemical Data Sheet: Substance ID 108-78-1. February 18, 2000: p. 30-98.
43. OECD SIDS Analysis UNEP Publications: Melamine. June, 2002.
44. Clayton, G.D. and F.C. (eds.), Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1981-1982. Vol. 2A, 2B, 2C: Toxicology. 3rd Ed.: p. 27771.
45. Clark, R., Melamine crystalluria in sheep. Journal South African VeterinaryMedical Assoc.,, 1966. Vol. 37: p. 349-351.
46. Bruce G. Hammond, Steve J. Barbee, Takeshi Inoue, Norihisa Ishida, George J. Levinskas, Michel W. Stevens, Allen G. Wheeler, Tito Cascieri, A review of toxicology studies on cyanurate and its chlorinated derivatives. Environ Health Perspect, 1986. 69: p. 287-92.
47. Mast, R. W., Jeffcoat, A. R., Sadler, B. M., Kraska, R. C., Friedman, M. A., Metabolism, disposition and excretion of [14C]melamine in male Fischer 344 rats. Food Chem Toxicol, 1983. 21(6): p. 807-810.
48. Cameron, M.A., K. Sakhaee, and O.W. Moe, Nephrolithiasis in children. Pediatr Nephrol, 2005. 20(11): p. 1587-92.
49. Jonathan J. Litzau, Gregory E. Mercer, and K.J. Mulligan, GC-MS Screen for the Presence of Melamine, Ammeline, Ammelide and Cyanuric acid. FDA Laboratory Information Bulletin 2008. vol. 24, LIB NO. 4423.
50. Sugita, T., Ishiwata, H., Yoshihira, K., Maekawa, A., Determination of melamine and three hydrolytic products by liquid chromatography. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 1990. 44(4): p. 567-71.
51. Cabras, P., M. Meloni, and L. Spanedda, High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of cyromazine and its metabolite melamine. J Chromatogr, 1990. 505(2): p. 413-6.
52. Yokley, R. A., Mayer, L. C., Rezaaiyan, R., Manuli, M. E., Cheung, M. W., Analytical method for the determination of cyromazine and melamine residues in soil using LC-UV and GC-MSD. J Agric Food Chem, 2000. 48(8): p. 3352-8.
53. Hamilton, D.W. and P.A. O'Neal, Analytical methods for the quantification of free melamine and cyanuric acid in Nylon 6/6,6 co-polymer. Journal of Separation Science, 2002. 26(6-7): p. 510-514.
54. Ishiwata, H., Inoue, T., Yamazaki, T., Yoshihira, K., Liquid chromatographic determination of melamine in beverages. J Assoc Off Anal Chem, 1987. 70(3): p. 457-60.
55. He, Q., Liu, M., Huang, L., Yang, Y., Liao, S., Determination of melamine in milk powder and milk by high performance liquid chromatography. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2008. 26(6): p. 752-4.
56. Byungchul kim, Lewis B. Perkins, Rodney J. Bushway, Determination of melamine in pet food by enzyme immunoassay, high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J AOAC Int, 2008. 91(2): p. 408-13.
57. Sherri Turnipseed, Christine Casey, Cristina Nochetto, David N. Heller, Determination of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid Residues in Infant Formula using LC-MS/MS. FDA Laboratory Information Bulletin 2008. vol. 24, LIB NO.4421.
58. Michael S. Filigenzi, Birgit Puschner, Linda S. Aston, Robert H. Poppenga, Diagnostic determination of melamine and related compounds in kidney tissue by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem, 2008. 56(17): p. 7593-9.
59. Christine M. Karbiwnyk, Wendy C. Andersen, Sherri B. Turnipseed, Joseph M. Storey, Mark R. Madson, Keith E. Miller, Charles M. Gieseker, Ron A. Miller, Nathan G. Rummel, Renate Reimschuessel, Determination of cyanuric acid residues in catfish, trout, tilapia, salmon and shrimp by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2009.637(1-2) : p. 101-111.
60. Wendy C. Andersen, Sherri B. Turnipseed, Christine M. Karbiwnyk, Susan B. Clark, Mark R. Madson, Charles M. Gieseker, Ron A. Miller, Nathan G. Rummel, and Renate Reimschuessel, Determination and confirmation of melamine residues in catfish, trout, tilapia, salmon, and shrimp by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem, 2008. 56(12): p. 4340-7.
61. Michael S. Filigenzi, Elizabeth R. Tor, Robert H. Poppenga, Linda A. Aston, Birgit Puschner, The determination of melamine in muscle tissue by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom, 2007. 21(24): p. 4027-32.
62. Wendy C. Andersen, Sherri B. Turnipseed, Christine M. Karbiwnyk, Mark R. Madson, Determination of Melamine Residues in Catfish Tissue by Triple Quadrupole LC-MS-MS with HILIC Chromatograpy. FDA Laboratory Information Bulletin, 2007. vol. 23, LIB No. 4396.
63. Stoks, P.G. and A.W. Schwartz, Determination of s-triazine derivatives at the nanogram level by gas--liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 1979. 168(2): p. 455-460.
64. 莊姁慧。台中地區產婦母乳中有機氯農藥之評估研究。國立成功大學環境工程學系碩士論文。2004年。30頁。
65. 漢盟科技股份有限公司教育訓練課程。漢盟科技股份有限公司。2008年。
66. 吳明珠，柯以侃。儀器分析(修訂新版)。新文京開發出版有限公司。2007年。24-47頁，494-495頁。
67. Lu, Y., Y. Shu, C. Zhao, Determination of melamine residue in foods using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2008. 26(6): p. 749-51.
68. Patel, K. and K. Jones, Analytical method for the quantitative determination of cyanuric acid as the degradation product of sodium dichloroisocyanurate in urine by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography B, 2007. 853(1-2): p. 360-363.
69. Michael Smoker and A.J. Krynitsky, Interim Method for Determination of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid Residues In Foods using LC-MS/MS: Version 1.0. FDA Laboratory Information Bulletin, 2008. vol. 24, LIB No. 4422.
70. CF, P. and P. SK, Derivatization as an Approach to Trace Analysis by Gas Chromatography With Electron-Capture Detection. J Chromatogr Sci, 1987. 25: p. 434-43.
71. Liu RH and G. DE, Chemical Derivatization. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1997: p. 134-41.
72. Li, J., H.-Y. Qi, and Y.-P. Shi, Determination of melamine residues in milk products by zirconia hollow fiber sorptive microextraction and gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A. In Press, Accepted Manuscript.
73. FDA, Updated FCC Developmental Melamine Quantitation (HPLC-UV). 2007.
74. 財團法人中華民國消費者文教基金會。消費者報導。消費者報導雜誌社。2009年。338期：41-47頁。
75. 日本金原出版株式會社原出版者。日本藥學會編：衛生試驗法‧注解(中文版)。亞龍國際出版股份有限公司 翻譯出版。1996年。658-659頁。
76. Maryadele J. 0’Neil, Patricia E Heckelman, Cherie B. Koch, Kristin J. Roman, Catherine M. Kenny, Maryann R. D’ Arecca, The merck index 14th Editor. Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA, 2006: p. 450-451, 1004.[[abstract]]三聚氰胺 (Melamine) 已經廣泛利用於工業上之用途，如製作成塑膠相關產品。美國規定三聚氰胺不得直接添加於人類與動物之食品內。部分業者添加三聚氰胺至食品內已造成提高蛋白質之假像，導致發現食品中有三聚氰胺及其副產物之殘留：三聚氰酸 (Cyanuric acid)、三聚氰酸一酰胺 (Ammelide)、三聚氰酸二酰胺 (Ammeline)。三聚氰酸由於有潛在性的危險，因此逐漸被受重視。而單獨之三聚氰胺之毒性很低，然而相關實驗室研究指出三聚氰胺與三聚氰酸於人體腎臟內會產生結石及造成腎衰竭之危險。最早由亞洲國家中爆發於奶粉中與相關奶製品發現有三聚氰胺與三聚氰酸之殘留，而造成全球性的問題。中國大陸之嬰幼兒於2008年9月因攝食含有三聚氰胺及三聚氰酸之奶粉，導致多位嬰幼兒因此次風波而死亡。本研究利用氣相層析質譜儀中的選擇離子監控模式同時檢測奶粉與三聚氰胺製品中的三聚氰胺、三聚氰酸、三聚氰酸一酰胺及三聚氰酸二酰胺之殘留。樣品之萃取溶液是使用acetonitrile / water / diethylamine之混和溶液進行萃取及分析三聚氰胺等其衍生物。本研究中三聚氰胺及其副產物的偵測極限及定量極限分別皆是10 ng/mL與 25 ng/mL。三聚氰胺及其副產物的同日內精密度與異日間精密度於濃度0.1-10 g/mL之變異係數皆小於15%。三聚氰胺及其副產物的奶粉樣品及三聚氰胺製品樣品之回收率分別為80-103% 與 80-109%。本研究應用於咖啡粉、奶粉及三聚氰胺製品中，均可測定三聚氰胺及其副產物：三聚氰酸、三聚氰酸一酰胺及三聚氰酸二酰胺。
Melamine has a wide application in industry, such as plastic. Melamine is not approved for direct addition to human or animal foods marketed in the United States. Additional characterization of the adulterated protein raw materials led to the discovery of melamine and it’s analogues: ammeline, ammelide, and cyanuric acid. Cyanuric acid is attracting more attention due to its potential toxicity. Melamine alone is of low toxicity, however experimental studies have shown that combination with cyanuric acid leads to crystal formation and subsequent kidney failure. Emerging problem of melamine and cyanuric acid contamination in milk and dairy products from Asia is a global problem. The fist emerged on Sepember 2008, there has been a problem with contamination of infant formula with melamine and cyanuric acid in China. This is suspected of causing illness to many children in China. This study has been evaluated for the simultaneous determination and confirmation of melamine, cyanuric acid, ammeline, ammelide in powdered milk-based infant formula and melamine products by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with SIM mode. Samples are extracted by a mixture of acetonitrile/water/diethylamine and the analytes are subsequently derivation with trimethylsilyl for analysis. The limit of detection (LOD) and limits of qualification (LOQ) for melamine and it’s analogues were 10 ng/mL and 25 ng/mL, respectively. The intra-assay and inter-assay were both less than 15% for melamine and it’s analogues at 0.1-10 g/mL. The recovery of melamine and it’s analogues for milk samples and melamine products samples spiked with 0.1-10 g/mL was in the range of 80-103% and 80-109%, respectively. The method was applied to determination of melamine and it’s analogues: ammeline, ammelide, and cyanuric acid in coffee powder, milk powder and melamine products
Improving Activities of Daily Living Performance among Elders Living in Long-Term Care Facilities
No full text研究領域:護理學, 公共衛生學
計畫編號:NSC98-2314-B273-002[[abstract]]本研究的目的： (1）調查長期照護機構住民的家屬及工作人員對『提升機構老人自我照護能力角色』之認知，( 2）測試一個以理論為基礎的課程來提升長期照護機構老人執行日常生活活動功能之能力。本研究將以人物(資料)三角交叉法，來深入了解護理之家住民的家屬及工作人員對『住民家屬在提升護理之家老人自我照護能力的角色』之認知。研究對象包括二個群體︰長期照護機構住民的家屬及機構的工作人員。另外。為測試一個以理論為基礎的課程，研究設計為縱貫性，雙組，真實驗性研究設計。課程名稱為自我照護及運動自我效能促進課程，課程目標在於提升長期照護機構住民執行日常生活活動功能能力。參與住民均符合以下條件：65歲或以上，臥床少於6個月，目前依賴照護人員執行一項或多項基本日常生活活動，能說國語或台語，無憂鬱或有輕度憂鬱，機構護理長認為他有執行自我照護能力。實驗組的住民接受由機構的工作人員（含護理人員及照顧服務員）提供的自我照護及運動自我效能促進課程，而對照組接受如平時一般相同的照護。研究結果可提供長期照護機構護理照護人員一個以理論為基礎的照護模式，以提升老人執行日常生活活動功能之能力。
The purpose of this study included: (1) to investigate how staffs construct family involvement in improving self-care ability among elders living in long-term care facilities, and (2) to test the effectiveness of a theory-based intervention program in improving activities of daily living among elders living in long-term care facilities. A person (data) triangulation design to gain a deeper understanding how family and staff construct family involvement in improving self-care ability among elders living in long-term care facilities. Two major groups of subjects, including staff in long-term care facilities and resident’s caregivers, will participate in the study. Moreover, a longitudinal, experimental design will be used to test the effectiveness of a theory-based intervention program. Subjects will include 332 subjects who met the following criteria: 1) age 65 years or older; 2) bed-bound less than six months; 3) currently rely on staff caregivers to perform one or more ADL; 4) able to speak Mandarin or Taiwanese; 5) normal or mild depression as measured by a score less than 8 on the Geriatric Depression Scale – Short Form (GDS-SF); ; and 6) assessed by primary care physician and head nurse in the facility to be physically capable of carrying out some their ADLs. Elders subjects will be randomzliaed to either experimental or comparison group based on which facilities they lived. Subjects in the experimental group received a Self-Care and Exercise Self-Efficacy Enhancement Program via staff in long-term care facilities. Simultaneously, subjects in the control group receive care as usual. However, result of this study provided staff of long-term care facilities can apply this model to provide a theory-based caring model for residents
The Creative Personality and Creativity Teaching Behavior of Kindergarten Teachers---Scales Development, Status Analysis, and Correlation Study
No full text研究領域:教育學
計畫編號:NSC98-2410-H273-001[[abstract]]本研究旨在探討幼兒教師的創造力人格特質及創造力教學行為的概況、不同背景的差異，以及兩者之間的相關。本研究分為兩個階段，第一階段研究者擬以分層隨機取樣，抽取台灣地區公私立幼稚園1250 位教師為研究樣本。使用自編「幼兒教師創造力人格特質量表」及「幼兒教師創造力教學行為量表」為研究工具。採用相依樣本變異數分析、多變量變異數分析、結構方程模式等統計方法，分析所蒐集的實證資料。第二階段採訪談法及觀察法，邀請18 位自願幼兒教師參與本研究，以深入瞭解量化資料背後的意義。
The purposes of this research is to explore the status of kindergarten teachers’ creative personality and creative teaching behavior, difference of various background teachers’ creative personality and creative teaching behavior, and relationships between the two factors. There are two stages in the study. In first stage, there are 1250 kindergarten teachers in Taiwan area drawn by stratified random sampling. The data are collected by “Kindergarten Teachers’ Creative Personality Scale” and “Kindergarten Teachers’ Creative Teaching Behaviors Scale” which are designed by researchers. The empirical data are examined through one-way repeated measures ANOVA, one-way MANOVA, and structural equation modeling. In second stage, interview and observation methods are adapted. There are eighteen kindergarten teachers are invited to participate in the study to understand the meaning of the quantitative data
