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    Constitutional History During the Parliamentary System of Government: Ris to Presidential Decree (1949-1959)

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    The purpose of this article is to find out the history of state administration during the parliamentary system of government, starting from the time of the United Republic of Indonesia (RIS) to the Presidential Decree (1959), which made Indonesia return to the form of a republic. This article uses the historical method with the stages of gathering sources, verifying, discovering, and writing. The results obtained based on the collection of sources and data show that the parliamentary system of government during the time of the United States of Indonesia lasted very briefly, namely from 19491950, using the RIS Constitution as a legal guide. Then, still using a parliamentary system of government, Indonesia returned to the form of the Republic of Indonesia, but with the 1950 Constitution as a legal guideline. This law was drafted by combining the 1945 Constitution and the RIS Constitution. The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia with the 1950 Constitution lasted quite a long time, until finally the government in Indonesia with a parliamentary system of government ended when the Presidential Decree was issued in 1959

    Hubungan Efikasi Diri dengan Pengambilan Keputusan Karir Siswa SMK

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    This study aims to determine and explain the level of relationship between self-efficacy and career decision making for students at SMK Negeri 54 Jakarta. This research is of a quantitative type and has a correlational approach. The questionnaire method was used in this study to obtain data from both variables. The population in this study were class XII students at SMK Negeri 54 Jakarta with a total of 262 students. The sample used was 159 students who were taken using the slovin formula with simple random sampling technique. The data analysis used was the Pearson product moment correlation analysis with the help of SPSS ver 22, Based on the results of the analysis obtained by 0.647 which means a strong degree of correlation, meaning that the relationship in this study has a positive relationship to self-efficacy and career decision making

    The Influence Of The Availability Of Alcoholic Beverages On The Drinking Habits Of Adolescents

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    Alcoholic beverages are all types of drinks that contain ethanol (C2H5OH). Consumption of alcohol hurts the health and psychological health of the drinker, even the impact of environmental damage. Alcoholic beverages among youth are increasing along with the development of information and ease of transportation. Ease of access to alcoholic beverages is thought to be one of the factors increasing consumption of alcoholic beverages in youth. According to the KPAI, supervision of the circulation of alcoholic beverages is still weak, so young people who are not old enough can access these drinks. The study aimed to determine how much influence the availability of alcoholic beverages had on the drinking habits of junior and senior high school youth in Kelurahan A in Merauke Regency. The research method used was Correlative Descriptive Research on junior high and high school youth in Kelurahan A in Merauke Regency. The results of this study indicate that based on the results of bivariate analysis using the results of the chi-square (x²) statistical test, with a CI = 95% (α = 5%), a value of p = 0.000 is obtained. This suggests that the availability of alcoholic beverages affects the drinking habits of junior and senior high school youth in Kelurahan A in Merauke Regency because it has a p-value <0.05. The results of the linear regression analysis test showed that the variable that had the most influence on the habit of drinking alcoholic beverages in junior high and high school youth was the availability of alcohol because it had the highest odds ratio of 2.184. This means that the availability of alcohol has a probability of 2

    PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN MODEL PBL BERBASIS OUTDOOR LEARNING MATHEMATICS DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF

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    Keterampilan berpikir kreatif dapat dilatih dan dikembangkan melalui kegiatan belajar di kelas. Kemampuan ini penting karena terkait erat dengan kemampuan pemecahan masalah, sehingga kemampuan ini perlu untuk terus dilatih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran matematika dengan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) yang terdiri dari Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP), Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD), dan Tes Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif (TKBK) berbasis Outdoor Learning Mathematics (OLM) yang valid, praktis dan efektif, kemudian diujicobakan kepada siswa kelas X Madrasah Aliyah untuk mengetahui tingkat berpikir kreatif siswa. Penelitian ini mengkombinasikan penelitian pengembangan (R&D) dan penelitian eksperimen. Instrumen penelitian untuk mengukur tingkat kevalidan menggunakan lembar validasi; kepraktisan menggunakan lembar observasi keterlaksanaan perangkat pembelajaran; keefektian menggunakan lembar observasi aktivitas siswa, angket respon siswa dan tes hasil belajar berupa tes kemampuan berpikir kreatif. Hasil validasi terhadap RPP, LKPD, dan TKBK secara berurutan adalah 3,79; 3,79; dan 3,82. Hasil observasi keterlaksanaan perangkat pembelajaran masuk kategori sangat praktis dengan persentase 97%. Keefektifan perangkat menunjukkan 91% siswa aktif, 98% siswa merespon positif terhadap pembelajaran, dan sebanyak 76% siswa tuntas. Hasil analisis data penelitian eksperimen berdasarkan uji t-test didapat adanya pengaruh signifikan kemampuan berpikir kreatif dengan menggunakan perangkat  pembelajaran model PBL berbasis OLM.Creative thinking skills can be trained and developed through learning activities in class. This ability is important because it is closely related to problem solving skills, so this ability needs to be continuously trained. This study aims to develop mathematics learning tools with the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model consisting of Learning Implementation Plans (RPP), Student Worksheets (LKPD), and Creative Thinking Ability Tests (TKBK) based on Outdoor Learning Mathematics (OLM) which valid, practical and effective, then tested on class X students of Madrasah Aliyah to find out the level of students' creative thinking. This research combines research development (R&D) and experimental research. The research instrument for measuring the level of validity uses a validation sheet; the practicality of using observation sheets on the implementation of learning devices; the effectiveness of using student activity observation sheets, student response questionnaires and learning outcomes tests in the form of tests of creative thinking skills. The validation results for RPP, LKPD, and TKBK were 3.79 respectively; 3.79; and 3.82. The results of observations of the implementation of learning devices are in the very practical category with a percentage of 97%. The effectiveness of the device shows that 91% of students are active, 98% of students respond positively to learning, and as many as 76% of students complete. The results of the analysis of experimental research data based on the t-test found that there was a significant influence on the ability to think creatively using OLM-based PBL model learning tools

    EFEKTIFITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERBASIS ADOBE FLASH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA

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    Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Berbasis Adobe Flash pada materi bangun datar untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.  Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP N 2 Rembang. Popusasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VIII SMP N 2 Rembang yang terdiri dari 8 kelas. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah simple random sampling. Dari 8 kelas tersebut dipilih 2 kelas sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kontrol. Di dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan penelitian eksperimental semu (quasi-experimental research), karena peneliti tidak memungkinkan untuk mengontrol semua variabel yang relevan. Sugiono (2015) menyatakan  bahwa tujuan penelitian eksperimental semu adalah untuk memperoleh informasi yang merupakan perkiraan bagi informasi yang dapat diperoleh dengan eksperimen yang sebenarnya dalam keadaan yang tidak memungkinkan untuk mengontrol atau memanipulasi semua variabel yang relevan. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui tes. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini berupa lembar tes. Adapun  pengujian  data adalah  (1) pada nilai hasil penelitian dilakukan uji prasyarat analisis yaitu  uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas (2) Uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji t 2 sampel (independent sampel two test).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning berbasis adobe flash pada materi bangun datar menunjukkan bahwa post test lebih baik daripada pre test. (2) penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning berbasis adobe flash pada materi bangun datar menunjukkan bahwa kelas eksperimen lebih baik dari kelas kontrol Most of the students' achievement in learning mathematics is low. One of the factors is the teacher has not been able to choose the right method or strategy. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Adobe Flash-Based Problem Based Learning learning model on student achievement. This type of research is quantitative. This research was conducted at SMP N 2 Rembang. The population of this study was class VIII students of SMP N 2 Rembang. Sampling technique with simple random sampling. Of the 8 classes, 2 classes were selected as the experimental and control classes. Researchers use quasi-experimental research. The instrument in this study was a test sheet. Data analysis with analysis prerequisite tests, namely normality and homogeneity tests. Hypothesis testing includes: (1) Testing hypothesis 1 using the Paired Samples T Test, (2) testing hypothesis 2 with the Independent Samples T Test, and (3) testing hypothesis 3 by comparing the N-Gain Score and then testing the Independent Samples T Test. The results showed that the Adobe Flash-Based Problem Based Learning learning model was effective in increasing student achievement. The conclusions of the study: (1) the learning model of Problem Based Learning based on Adobe Flash post-test is better than pre-test. (2) the learning model of Problem Based Learning based on Adobe Flash in the experimental class is better than the control class, (3) the average increase in learning achievement in the experimental class is better than the control class

    KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN IMITATIF DAN KREATIF MATEMATIS SISWA SMP PADA MATERI PERSAMAAN GARIS LURUS

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    Kemampuan penalaran matematis merupakan kunci untuk mengembangkan pemahaman matematis siswa. Oleh karena itu, kemampuan ini dijadikan sebagai salah satu tujuan pembelajaran matematika pada jenjang pendidikan menengah di Indonesia. Salah satu jenis penalaran matematis tersebut adalah penalaran kreatif matematis. Fakta menunjukkan bahwa siswa cenderung menggunakan penalaran imitatif daripada penalaran kreatif matematis. Oleh karena itu, penalaran kreatif siswa perlu diperhatikan guru agar mereka dapat mengkonstruksi pengetahuan dengan baik khususnya pada materi persamaan garis lurus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap penalaran imitatif dan kreatif matematis siswa pada materi persamaan garis lurus. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di salah satu SMP di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota, Sumatera Barat. Subjek penelitian adalah 3 (tiga) orang siswa kelas VIII  yang telah mempelajari materi persamaan garis lurus dan dipilih berdasarkan pertimbangan guru. Instrumen utama pada penelitian ini adalah peneliti sendiri dan instrumen penunjang berupa soal tes kemampuan penalaran kreatif matematis serta pedoman wawancara. Berdasarkan analisis hasil penelitian, ditemukan bahwa siswa belum memiliki kemampuan penalaran kreatif  yang baik. Siswa masih cenderung menggunakan penalaran imitatif bahkan belum mampu melakukan penalaran dengan tepat. Sebagai kesimpulan, kemampuan penalaran imitatif masih mendominasi dibandingkan penalaran kreatif matematis siswa pada materi persamaan garis lurus.Mathematical reasoning ability is the key to developing students' mathematical understanding. Therefore, this ability is used as one of the objectives of learning mathematics in secondary education in Indonesia. Mathematical creative reasoning is one type of mathematical reasoning. The facts show that students use imitative rather than creative mathematical reasoning. Therefore, students' creative reasoning needs to be considered by the teacher so they can construct their knowledge properly, especially in straight-line equations. This study aims to reveal mathematical students' imitative and creative reasoning in the material of straight-line equations. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study design. This research was conducted in one of the junior high schools in Lima Puluh Kota, West Sumatra. The research subjects were 3 (three) grade VIII students who had studied straight-line equations and were selected based on the teacher's considerations. The main instrument in this study was the researcher herself. The supporting instruments were mathematical creative reasoning ability tests and interview guidelines. Based on the result of research analysis, it was found that students did not have good creative reasoning abilities. Students still tend to use imitative reasoning and have not even been able to do reasoning properly. In conclusion, imitative reasoning ability still dominates compared to students' creative mathematical reasoning in straight-line equation material

    EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF BERBASIS PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS, KOLABORASI DAN LITERASI DIGITAL

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    Keterampilan abad 21 sangat penting dipelajari bagi siswa seperti berpikir kritis, kolaborasi dan literasi digital. Model pembelajaran merupakan salah satu solusi agar dapat mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kritis, kolaborasi dan literasi digital yaitu model kooperatif tipe think pair share (TPS) Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui efektivitas pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS dengan pendekatan saintifik untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis, 2) mengetahui efektivitas pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS dengan pendekatan saintifik untuk meningkatkan kolaborasi, 3) mengetahui efektifitas pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS dengan pendekatan saintifik untuk meningkatkan literasi digital siswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimen dengan subjek penelitian kelas VIII-3 SMP N 2 Raya Kahean yang terdiri dari 28 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui tes, angket dan observasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah paired t-test (t berpasangan).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan signifikan kemampuan berpikir kritis, kolaborasi dan literasi digital sebelum dan sesudah pembelajaran dengan pembelajaran kooperatif TPS dengan pendekatan saintifik. Simpulan penelitian ini bahwa pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TPS efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis,kolaborasi dan literasi digital siswa

    MATHEMATICS CONTENT KNOWLEDGE DAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR MAHASISWA MELALUI BLENDED LEARNING

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    Penguasaan content knowledge pada materi pelajaran merupakan faktor penentu kesuksesan atau kegagalan dalam proses pengajaran dan keterampilan pedagogi abad ke-21 yang dilaksanakan guru. Kaitannya dengan hal tersebut masih banyak mahasiswa calon guru belum memiliki sikap bertanggung jawab terhadap tugas yang diberikan yang merupakan salah satu indikator dari kemandirian belajar. Blended learning merupakan salah satu pembelajaran yang bisa mengakomodir mathematics content knowledge dan kemandirian belajar mahasiswa dengan memanfaatkan serta memaksimalkan teknologi yang ada di lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mathematics content knowledge dan kemandirian belajar mahasiswa melalui blended learning. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen semu dengan kategori One Short Case Study. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika di Cianjur, yang dilaksanakan pada semester ganjil tahun akademik 2020/2021, dengan sampel 17 orang mahasiswa 3A yang mengikuti matakuliah Kapita Selekta Matematika SMA dengan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa tes soal uraian dan angket kemandirian belajar. Pengolahan data untuk melihat mathematics content knowledge setelah menggunakan blended learning menggunakan uji-t pihak kanan, angket keamandirian belajar dihitung berdasarkan persentase respon positif mahasiswa. Setelah dianalisis diperoleh bahwa mathematics content knowledge mahasiswa melalui blended learning rata-rata sama dengan 75 dan kemandirian belajar mahasiswa melalui blended learning sebagian besar merespon positif. Mastery of content knowledge in subject matter is a determining factor for success or failure in the teaching process and 21st century pedagogical skills implemented by teachers. In relation to this, there are still many prospective teacher students who do not have a responsible attitude towards the assignments given, which is an indicator of independent learning. Blended learning is a learning that can accommodate mathematics content knowledge and student learning independence by utilizing and maximizing existing technology in the environment. This study aims to determine mathematics content knowledge and student learning independence through blended learning. This study used a quasi-experimental method with the One Short Case Study category. The population in this study were students of the Mathematics Education Study Program in Cianjur, which was held in the odd semester of the 2020/2021 academic year, with a sample of 17students of 3A taking the Kapita Selekta Mathematics course in high school using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques in the form of test questions description and self-learning questionnaire. Data processing to see mathematics content knowledge after using blended learning using the rightside t-test, the learning independence questionnaire is calculated based on the percentage of positive student responses. After being analyzed, it was found that students' mathematics content knowledge through blended learning averaged 75 and student learning independence through blended learning mostly responded positively

    PENGARUH LEMBAR KERJA SISWA BERBASIS PEMECAHAN MASALAH TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIKA MATERI BANGUN RUANG

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    AbstrakPeserta didik pada era abad ini yaitu abad 21 memerlukan kemampuan yang mumpuni karena masuk pada era globalisasi. Salah satu kemampuan yang diusung pada kegiatan belajar mengajar Kurikulum 2013 adalah kemampuan berpikir kritis. Tujuan dari studi ini untuk mengetahui ada pengaruh lembar kerja peserta didik berbasis pemecahan masalah terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika materi bangun ruang. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pendekatan kuantitatif jenis penelitian Pre-Test dan Post-Test. menggunakan soal pilihan ganda 10 butir berpikir kritis. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan soal pilihan ganda 10 butir berpikir kritis. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berjumlah 22 siswa. Analisis Data menggunakan Uji paired sample t-test. Berdasarkan perhitungan hipotesis tingkat signifikan α = 0,05 dengan Hasil Uji Validitas menunjukkan hasil = 0,845> (0,05) sehingga semua item soal menunjukkan hasil valid . Uji realibilitas jika nilai > 0.757 nilainya bersifat reliabel yaitu 0,757, dari hasil uji validitas dan realibilitas semua variabel bersifat realiabel/konsisten dikarenakan semua item masing-masing variabel valid. Hasil dari uji normalitas nilai hasil belajar 0,249 > (0,05) melebihi nilai signifikan , maka nilai variabel berdistribusi normal , dilanjutkan menggunakan uji-t satu sampel , hasil uji-t tersebut hasil belajar pada nilai statistik-t sebesar 0.759> (0,05) maka tolak H0. Jadi dapat disimpulkan mengetahui ada pengaruh lembar kerja peserta didik berbasis pemecahan masalah terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematika kelas V pada materi bangun ruang.Kata kunci: Bangun ruang, Berpikir kritis, Lkpd AbstractStudents in the era of the 21st century are currently faced with the era of globalization that requires adequate abilities. Critical thinking skills have been used in 2013 Curriculum learning activities. This study aims to determine the effect of problem solving-based students' work on critical thinking in mathematics for class V on the material of building space. The approach used in this research is a quantitative approach of the type of Pre-Test and Post-Test research. using a Likert Scale critical thinking questionnaire. The data collection technique in this study used a critical thinking questionnaire. The sample used in this study amounted to 22 students. Data analysis used one sample t-test. Based on the calculation of the hypothesis that was carried out using the t-test, based on the significance level = 0.05 with the Validity Test Results showing the results r = 0845>α (0.05) so that all items showed valid results. Reliability test if the value > 0.757 the value is reliable, namely 0.757, from the results of the validity and reliability test all variables are reliable/consistent because all items of each variable are valid. The results of the normality test of the value of learning outcomes 0.249 >α (0.05) exceeds the significant value, then the value of the variable is normally distributed, followed by using a one-sample t-test, the results of the t-test learning outcomes at the t-statistical value of 0.759> ( 0.05) then reject H0. So, it can be seen that there is an influence on students based on solving critical thinking problems in mathematics class V on the material of building spaceKeywords:, Build Space, Critical thinking, Lkp

    Kolaborasi Pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Kontekstual untuk Pengenalan Rempah-rempah

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    Indonesia adalah ibu rempah-rempah dunia. Di lain sisi, kekayaan rempah Indonesia mendorong Kementerian Pendidikan Kebudayaan Riset dan Teknologi mengajukan jalur rempah sebagai warisan budaya dunia pada 2024. Berbagai cara pun dilakukan untuk membesarkan gagasan di atas, termasuk mempopulerkan rempah-rempah dari pedalaman. Tulisan ini mencoba memotret salah satu kerja kolaborasi sebagai usaha untuk memperkenalkan rempah-rempah lokal. Melalui metode participatory action research (PAR) dan pendekatan pendekatan Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) di desa Ngrawan, penelitian menggarisbawahi tiga hal. Pertama, internalisasi pengetahuan rempah-rempah lokal dilakukan melalui lagu rempah yang dihasilkan berjudul. “Rempah-rempah Warisan Nusantara.” Kedua, lagu tersebut terutama mengangkat empat rempah lokal di lokasi penelitian. Keempat rempah-rempah tersebut adalah jahe, kunyit, lada, dan kencur. Terakhir, lagu tersebut tidak hanya menjadi alternatif pengenalan rempah lokal melainkan membentuk identitas masyarakat setempat melalui rempah-rempah

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    Online Journal FKIP UM Metro (Universitas Muhammadiyah, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan)
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