Electronic Journal Muhammadiyah University of Makassar
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MODAL SOSIAL SEBAGAI STRATEGI BERTAHAN HIDUP PETANI KOPI DI DESA RAPPOALA KECAMATAN TOMPOBULU KABUPATEN GOWA
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan para petani kopi di Desa Rappoala dapat bertahan hidup berdasarkan modal sosial dengan strateginya. Pengambilan informan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik penentuan informan secara sengaja dengan jumlah informan sebanyak 10 orang. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Dalam praktik budidaya kopi, petani menunjukkan sikap saling percaya yang tercermin melalui kejujuran dan rasa saling menghormati di antara mereka. Norma sosial yang berlaku di kalangan petani bersifat tidak tertulis dan dipahami secara lisan, sehingga tidak terdapat sanksi formal terhadap pelanggaran yang terjadi selama proses budidaya. Hubungan sosial antarpetani terjalin dengan baik, menciptakan suasana yang mendukung kerja sama dan kolaborasi. Bentuk hubungan timbal balik juga terlihat dari kebiasaan saling membantu, terutama saat menghadapi musibah atau ketika ada petani yang membutuhkan bantuan. Sementara itu, strategi bertahan hidup yang dijalankan petani kopi difokuskan pada pemanfaatan hasil budidaya secara maksimal demi meningkatkan kesejahteraan ekonomi keluarga. (2) Strategi bertahan hidup yang dilakukan oleh petani kopi meliputi upaya peningkatan kualitas tanaman, diversifikasi dengan menanam komoditas lain, serta mencari pekerjaan tambahan di luar aktivitas utama mereka sebagai petani kopi.Kata kunci: Modal Sosial, Strategi, Petani Kopi.
PARTISIPASI IBU RUMAH TANGGA DALAM BUDIDAYA RUMPUT LAUT DI DESA TAMANGAPA KECAMATAN MA'RANG KABUPATEN PANGKEP
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor serta menganalisis tingkat partisipasi ibu rumah tangga dalam budidaya rumput laut di Desa Tamangapa Kecamatan Kabupaten Pangkep. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling yaitu teknik pengambilan sampel dengan pasti, yang melibatkan ibu rumah tangga petani rumput laut. sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 35 orang ibu rumah tangga. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer, yaitu informasi yang diperoleh langsung dari responden yang menjadi objek penelitian atau dari sumber data lain yang mendukung, baik melalui survei kuesioner dengan responden petani rumput laut. Sementara itu, data sekunder diperoleh secara tidak langsung dalam bentuk bukti tertulis, informasi dari internet, hasil penelitian sebelumnya, dan sumber lain yang relevan. Analisis data dilakukan melalui analisis deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Faktor sosial yang paling dominan adalah tingkat pendidikan, sementara faktor ekonomi utama adalah kebutuhan keluarga. dan Tingkat partisipasi ibu rumah tangga dalam budidaya rumput laut di Desa Tamangapa Kecamatan Ma’rang Kabupaten Pangkep tergolong cukup tinggi, dengan sebagian besar responden aktif dalam tahapan budidaya seperti pengikatan bibit dan pembuatan tali bentangan. Sebanyak 54% responden menunjukkan partisipasi tinggi, sedangkan sisanya 46% tergolong rendah
Validity and Reliability of Science Literacy Assessment Instruments for Measuring Science Competencies in the Context of PISA 2025 using the Rasch Model
No full textScience literacy is a key competency for preparing students to reason scientifically, interpret evidence, and make informed decisions in real-world contexts. Yet Indonesian students’ performance in international assessments remains below the OECD average, underscoring the urgent need for assessment tools aligned with global standards. This study aimed to develop and validate a PISA 2025–oriented science literacy assessment instrument to support the measurement of senior high school students’ competencies in scientifically explaining phenomena; constructing and evaluating investigation designs; critically interpreting data and evidence; and researching, evaluating, and using scientific information for decision-making and action. Using a research and development approach with the 4-D model, ten context-rich essay items and an analytic scoring rubric (levels 1–4) were produced. Content validity was examined by three experts using Aiken’s V, and empirical validation was conducted with 50 Year 11 students from two senior high schools in Langsa City using the Rasch Model (Winstep). The instrument demonstrated strong content validity (Aiken’s V averages: construction = 0.84, relevance = 0.89, clarity = 0.90). Rasch results showed that 8 of 10 items met fit criteria, while two items displayed misfit on selected indices but remained positively correlated with the measured construct. Reliability was high (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.85; person reliability = 0.84; item reliability = 0.97), and item difficulty spanned a broad range, enabling discrimination across students’ ability levels. The novelty of this work lies in producing a Rasch-validated, constructed-response instrument explicitly aligned with the revised PISA 2025 science competency structure, including the new competency on evaluating and using scientific information in digital contexts. In conclusion, the instrument is suitable for limited classroom and research use. It provides a practical contribution to physics education by strengthening evidence-based assessment of scientific reasoning and decision-making in physics-related and environmental contexts
Bridging Local Wisdom and Science Literacy: Development of a Physics Companion Book to Support SDG 4 in Secondary Education
No full textThe development of scientific literacy has become a central goal of physics education in the twenty-first century, particularly in response to persistent gaps in students’ ability to apply scientific knowledge to real-life contexts. In Indonesia, students’ scientific literacy remains below international benchmarks, highlighting the urgency of developing contextual and culturally relevant learning resources. The purpose of this study is to develop a physics companion book based on Takalar local wisdom to enhance senior high school students’ scientific literacy and support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education). The study employed the Plomp development model, consisting of three main phases: preliminary research, prototyping, and assessment. The preliminary phase involved a needs analysis and a curriculum study to identify opportunities to integrate local culture into physics learning. Experts in content, media, and language designed and validated the book during the prototyping phase. The assessment phase tested the practicality and effectiveness of the book through a limited trial with 95 senior high school students in Takalar. Data were collected using validation sheets, scientific literacy tests, and student response questionnaires. Results indicated a high level of validity (Gregory index V = 1.00) and very positive student responses (77%). Empirical findings show an improvement in students’ scientific literacy, with the majority reaching moderate (66%) to adequate levels after implementation. The novelty of this study lies in the systematic integration of local wisdom into a physics companion book using a comprehensive development model, accompanied by empirical evaluation of scientific literacy outcomes and explicit alignment with SDG 4. This research is expected to make a real contribution to the provision of valid, practical, and effective teaching materials to strengthen science literacy, 21st-century skills, and the achievement of SDG 4
Pancasila Adventure: An Android-Based Educational Game Innovation to Sharpen Vocational Students' Critical Thinking Skills
No full textThe urgency of this research arises from the limited availability of engaging and interactive learning media in Pancasila education, particularly at the vocational high school level. The dominance of one-way learning methods results in low student participation and limited opportunities to develop higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). This research aims to develop an educational game, Pancasila Adventure, that is valid, practical, engaging, and effective, oriented towards improving students' critical thinking skills. This research adopts the Lee and Owens (2004) development model, which consists of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The validation results from material experts obtained a score of 96.7, and from media experts 88.5—both categorized as very valid. The practicality test achieved a score of 4.7 (practical), while the small and large group trials scored 83 and 84 (engaging), respectively. The effectiveness test showed an average score of 83 (effective). This research integrates the improvement of critical thinking with HOTS-based interactive games, providing both theoretical and practical contributions to the development of game-based learning in Pancasila education
Administrative Digitalization and Performance Efficiency: The Moderating Role of Accountability in Public Sector Organizations in Nunukan Regency
No full textPublic sector organizations increasingly adopt administrative digitalization to improve governance efficiency; however, empirical evidence regarding how digital transformation enhances performance efficiency and the role of accountability mechanisms remains limited, particularly in local government institutions. This study aimed to examine the effect of administrative digitalization on performance efficiency and to analyze the moderating role of accountability in public sector organizations in Nunukan Regency. The research employed a quantitative explanatory design using primary data collected through structured questionnaires distributed to employees of the Department of Social Affairs, Women’s Empowerment, and Child Protection in Nunukan Regency. A total sampling technique was applied, resulting in 50 respondents. Data were analyzed using SmartPLS with structural equation modeling to test direct and moderating relationships among variables. The results indicated that administrative digitalization had a positive and significant effect on performance efficiency, suggesting that the adoption of digital administrative systems improves operational processes and decision-making effectiveness. Accountability also showed a significant direct influence on performance efficiency. However, the interaction analysis revealed that accountability weakened the relationship between administrative digitalization and performance efficiency, indicating that additional accountability procedures may introduce administrative complexity that reduces the efficiency gains from digital transformation. These findings contribute to the literature on digital governance by highlighting the conditional role of accountability in shaping the effectiveness of digitalization initiatives. Practically, the study suggests that public sector organizations should balance digital transformation with streamlined accountability mechanisms to maximize efficiency improvements in administrative services
Conflict Resolution Strategies in Establishing Minority Religious Places of Worship in Semarang, Indonesia
No full textThe urgency of this research arises from persistent legal, social, and political resistance to the establishment of minority religious places of worship in Indonesia, which threatens constitutional guarantees of religious freedom and local social cohesion. This study aims to identify and critically analyse conflict resolution strategies employed in the process of establishing minority houses of worship in Semarang City. Adopting a qualitative, descriptive–analytical design, the research uses semi-structured interviews with minority religious leaders, community representatives, and government officials, complemented by direct observation at contentious sites and systematic document analysis of regulations, policy documents, and media reports. Data were examined using thematic analysis, and validity was enhanced through source and method triangulation. The findings reveal a set of interrelated strategies centred on sustained dialogue forums, multi-stakeholder mediation led by municipal agencies, informal negotiation at the neighbourhood level, and incremental regulatory accommodation, which together reduce escalation and create space for mutually acceptable agreements. Nonetheless, unresolved issues persist, including asymmetric power relations, ambiguous procedural standards, and the vulnerability of local agreements to broader political dynamics. The study concludes that durable conflict resolution requires institutionalised and transparent mechanisms that integrate dialogue, mediation, citizenship education, and predictable, fair licensing procedures. The novelty of this research lies in its fine-grained, context-specific mapping of how these strategies are operationalised locally within Indonesia’s regulatory regime on houses of worship. The article contributes conceptually to scholarship on the governance of religious diversity and offers concrete policy guidance for local governments and civil society actors seeking to manage conflicts around minority places of worship
Evaluasi Kebijakan Pemerintah Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Permukiman Kumuh Di Kelurahan Kassi-Kassi Kecamatan Rappocini Kota Makassar
No full textPenelitian ini mengevaluasi kebijakan pemerintah dalam meningkatkan kualitas permukiman kumuh di Kelurahan Kassi-Kassi, Kecamatan Rappocini, Kota Makassar. Permukiman kumuh di perkotaan menjadi tantangan bagi pemerintah daerah, termasuk di Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kebijakan yang telah dirancang dan diimplementasikan oleh pemerintah untuk mengatasi masalah permukiman kumuh, serta menganalisis dampak kebijakan tersebut terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat setempat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, dengan pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam dengan pihak terkait (pemerintah dan masyarakat), dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah telah berupaya melaksanakan berbagai kebijakan yang mencakup peningkatan akses layanan dasar (seperti air bersih dan sanitasi), bantuan langsung kepada masyarakat, dan program pemberdayaan ekonomi. Namun, efektivitas implementasi kebijakan masih menghadapi kendala, antara lain keterbatasan kualitas hunian, akses terhadap layanan dasar yang belum memadai, distribusi bantuan yang belum merata, serta tantangan dalam pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kebijakan pemerintah telah memberikan dampak positif tertentu, tetapi masih diperlukan perbaikan dan penguatan implementasi agar dapat memberikan perubahan yang signifikan dan berkelanjutan terhadap peningkatan kualitas hidup masyarakat di permukiman kumuh.
Pendeteksi Objek Huruf Lontara Untuk Literasi ke Teks Latin
No full textKemajuan teknologi komputer telah mendorong inovasi dalam sistem pengenalan karakter otomatis, termasuk aksara Lontara’. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas algoritma deteksi objek YOLOv8 dalam mengenali dan mengklasifikasikan karakter aksara Lontara’ dengan akurasi tinggi. Studi dilakukan di Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar menggunakan metode eksperimen berbasis pembelajaran mesin. Dataset yang digunakan terdiri dari gambar digital karakter Lontara’ yang telah diberi label secara manual. Data dibagi menjadi tiga bagian: 70% untuk pelatihan, 20% untuk validasi, dan 10% untuk pengujian model. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan kinerja model sangat optimal, dengan akurasi sebesar 98,2%, presisi 98,1%, dan recall mencapai 100%. Capaian ini menandakan sistem memiliki efisiensi dan reliabilitas tinggi dalam mengenali serta mengklasifikasikan karakter aksara Lontara’ dalam berbagai kondisi visual. Temuan ini mendukung potensi implementasi model dalam dunia nyata. Sebagai pengembangan lebih lanjut, disarankan untuk memperluas variasi dataset agar model lebih mampu melakukan generalisasi. Selain itu, eksplorasi algoritma yang lebih modern atau pendekatan hibrida dengan teknik deep learning lain dapat meningkatkan kinerja dan ketahanan sistem terhadap situasi operasional yang kompleks.
KATA KUNCIPengenalan Aksara Lontara’, YOLOv8, Deep Learning, Literasi.
ABSTRACT: Rapid advancements in computer technology have driven innovation in automatic character recognition systems, including for the Lontara script. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the YOLOv8 object detection algorithm in accurately recognizing and classifying Lontara characters. The research was conducted at Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar using an experimental method based on machine learning. The dataset consisted of digital images of Lontara characters, which were manually labeled. The data was divided into three subsets: 70% for training, 20% for validation, and 10% for testing the model. The evaluation results showed that the model performed very well, achieving an accuracy of 98.2%, a precision of 98.1%, and a perfect recall of 100%. These results demonstrate the system’s high efficiency and reliability in recognizing and classifying Lontara characters under various visual conditions. The findings support the model's feasibility for real-world implementation. For future research, it is recommended to increase dataset diversity by involving more participants and image sources to enhance generalization capabilities. Additionally, exploring more advanced algorithms or hybrid approaches that combine multiple deep learning techniques may further improve the system’s performance and robustness in more complex operational scenarios.Keywords:Lontara Script Recognition, YOLOv8, Deep Learning, Literac
The Effectiveness of the Bride-to-be Course in Reducing the Divorce Rate at the Religious Affairs Office of Karossa District Central Mamuju Regency
No full textThis study aims to examine the effectiveness of the implementation of Suscatin in KUA Karossa District, as well as to analyze the supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method (Field research), with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subjects consisted of the head of KUA, Islamic religious extension workers, and course participants. Data analysis is carried out through the process of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show that Suscatin at KUA Karossa has been implemented in accordance with technical instructions from the Ministry of Religious Affairs, and has a fairly good effectiveness in providing an understanding of the rights and obligations of husband and wife, communication in the household, and conflict management. This can be seen from the increasing awareness of brides-to-be on the importance of readiness before marriage, and the decrease in divorce rates after the program is carried out regularly. Supporting factors in the implementation of this program include the existence of active religious extension workers, cross-agency cooperation, and community support. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors are limited facilities, and lack of operational funds