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Neural mechanisms linked to treatment outcomes and recovery in substance-related and addictive disorders
Get PDFThe present review focuses on potential neural mechanisms underlying recovery from psychiatric conditions characterised by impaired impulse control, specifically substance use disorders, gambling disorder, and internet gaming disorder. Existing treatments (both pharmacological and psychological) for these addictions may impact brain processes, and these have been evaluated in neuroimaging studies. Medication challenge and short-term intervention administration will be considered with respect to treatment utility. Main models of addiction (e.g., dual process, reward deficiency syndrome) will be considered in the context of extant data. Additionally, advanced analytic approaches (e.g., machine-learning approaches) will be considered with respect to guiding treatment development efforts. Thus, this narrative review aims to provide directions for treatment development for addictive disorders
THE GLOBALIZATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
No full textThis article intends, initially, to point out the historical development of the social clause and, later, to analyze the incorporation of human and labor rights associated to that clause in the Latin American juridical realityEste artículo pretende, inicialmente, señalar el desarrollo histórico de la cláusula social y, posteriormente, analizar la incorporación de los derechos humanos y laborales asociados a esa cláusula en la realidad jurídica latinoamericana
Graphic and informative coverage of accidents and suicides in the spanish digital press
Get PDFThis research is based on the inclusion of graphic elements as an indication of the relevance given to news by the different media. From this starting point, the work compares the weight and importance that each media attaches to different information about death events due to external causes: traffic accidents, falls, drowning and suicides. For them, it has carried out a content analysis on the graphic elements present (photography, video or infographics) in a representative sample of news (n = 4,733). Likewise, the number of elements used in each news item has been measured and if these graphic documents are linked to any specific element of the news item. The informative approach has also been studied, so that a distinction is made between ‘preventive’ and ‘sensationalist’. The results confirm the informative role of traffic accidents, the only cause of death that presents sensational features in all media studied.Esta investigación parte de la inclusión de elementos gráficos como indicio de la relevancia otorgada a cada noticia por los distintos medios. Desde este punto de partida, el trabajo compara el peso y la importancia que cada medio otorga a diferentes informaciones de sucesos de muertes por causa externa: accidentes de tráfico, caídas, ahogamientos y suicidios. Para ello se ha llevado a cabo un análisis de contenido sobre los elementos gráficos presentes (fotografía, video o infografía) en una muestra representativa de noticias (n=4.733). Asimismo, se ha medido el número de elementos empleados en cada noticia y si estos documentos gráficos se vinculan con algún elemento concreto de la noticia. Se ha estudiado también el enfoque informativo, de manera que se distingue entre ‘preventivo’ y ‘sensacionalista’. Los resultados confirman el protagonismo informativo de los accidentes de tráfico, única causa de muerte que presenta rasgos sensacionalistas en todos los medios estudiados
El acceso a la cultura en el medio rural: aproximación al papel determinante de la biblioteca pública
No full textLos servicios bibliotecarios en el medio rural son clave para garantizar el acceso a la cultura y desarrollar acciones relacionadas con la lectura. La trayectoria de estos servicios arranca en el siglo XIX y comienza su expansión en la primera mitad del siglo XX. Sin embargo, no será hasta el último cuarto del siglo XX cuando el marco legislativo consigne el mandato de extender los servicios bibliotecarios por todo el territorio nacional, a través de la Constitución española de 1978 y la Ley Reguladora de las Bases del Régimen Local de 1985, para continuar años después con los desarrollos normativos de las comunidades autónomas. La situación actual está marcada por la planificación pública, de carácter estatal, autonómico y local, y de la atención creciente hacia el medio rural. En cuanto a los recursos necesarios para el funcionamiento de los servicios bibliotecarios, cabe destacar la importancia del personal, sin el cual estos servicios no podrían llegar a considerarse como tales, siendo poco más que una suma de colecciones y espacios sin atención especializada. La prospectiva de los servicios bibliotecarios en el medio rural está condicionada por las políticas públicas actuales y su posible modificación, para así llegar a toda la población. Pese a que las bibliotecas componen la red de instituciones culturales más extensa del país, esta no alcanza al cien por cien de la población, lo que apunta hacia el menoscabo del mandato constitucional de acceso a la cultura como derecho
Catalyzing green innovation in hotel and tourism businesses: Leveraging green talent management, green organizational citizenship behavior, and green values
Get PDFGlobal corporations are grappling with a significant challenge in addressing the absence of green innovation. Therefore, this study presents a conceptual model that reveals the significant role of green talent management in fostering green innovation. The study strives to analyze the mediating effect of green organizational citizenship behavior on the impact of green talent management on green innovation. Additionally, the study tests the moderating role of green values on the relationship between green talent management and green organizational citizenship behavior and between green organizational citizenship behavior and green innovation. Data were collected from 330 employees at the middle-level management working at five-star hotels and travel agencies category-A operating in Egypt to test the proposed conceptual model using structural equation modeling. Findings show that GTM positively affects GI and GOCB. GOCB positively impacts GI. In addition, GV positively moderates GTM→GOCB and GOCB→GI relationships. Moreover, GOCB significantly mediates the GTM→GI relationship. Based on our research, useful guidelines for how GTM, GOCB, and GV could affect green innovation have been developed
The communication of Prehistory through social networks: The case of Twitter
Get PDFThe aim of this work is to investigate the treatment given to Prehistory in the social network Twitter. To do this, the messages that contain the hashtag #prehistory, together with its possible variants, have been analyzed during a period of one year. In this way, it has been possible to access their content, identify who are the most active and influential authors, analyze their centrality within the network and detect the implicit in it. It is evident, among other things, a scarce presence in the network of people and institutions with authority in the matter, the existence of chronicled myths in many of the discourses and an unequal treatment of the different cultural stages, in favor of the Bronze Age.Este trabajo pretende investigar el tratamiento que se da a la Prehistoria en la red social Twitter. Para ello, se han analizado los mensajes que, durante el periodo de un año, contienen el hashtag #prehistory, junto con sus posibles variantes. De este modo, se ha podido acceder al contenido de los mismos, identificar quiénes son los autores más activos e influyentes, analizar su centralidad dentro de la red y detectar las comunidades implícitas a la misma. Se evidencia, entre otras cosas, una escasa presencia en la red de personas e instituciones con autoridad en la materia, la existencia de mitos cronificados en muchos de los discursos y un desigual tratamiento de los diferentes estadios culturales en favor de la Edad del Bronce
El uso de Flipped Classroom y Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas para mejorar el rendimiento de estudiantes adultos de francés como Lengua Extranjera
Get PDFNowadays, active learning is presented as one of the best options to dynamize the teachinglearning process. This Master’s thesis reveals the design of an intervention proposal that aims
to improve the performance of French as a Foreign Language (FLE) adult students, thanks to
the use of active pedagogies such as Flipped Classroom and Problem-Based Learning (PBL),
both present in the activities proposed in the Didactic Unit to work on the use of the Passé
Composé, an essential topic belonging to level A1 of the Common European Framework of
Reference for Languages (CEFR). Although this proposal’s design has not been implemented,
it provides knowledge about current techniques that seek to motivate and empower students
in the classroom and complements the research of future teachers who intend to update
didactic resources for learning a second language.Hoy en día las metodologías activas se presentan como una de las mejores opciones para
dinamizar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. El presente trabajo de fin de máster revela el
diseño de una propuesta de intervención que tiene como objetivo mejorar el rendimiento de
los estudiantes adultos de francés Lengua Extranjera (FLE), gracias al uso de pedagogías activas
como el Flipped Classroom y el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP), ambas presentes en
la actividades propuestas en la Unidad Didáctica para trabajar el uso del Passé Composé, tema
fundamental perteneciente al nivel A1 del Marco Común Europeo de Referencia para las
lenguas (MCER). A pesar de que dicha propuesta no ha sido implementada, esta brinda
conocimiento acerca de las técnicas actuales que buscan motivar y darle protagonismo al
alumnado en el aula, y complementa la investigación de futuros profesores que pretendan
actualizar los recursos didácticos para el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua
Aprendizaje Servicio para el Desarrollo de Soft Skills en Economía y Emprendimiento de 4ºESO
Get PDFThis master's thesis aims to make an approach towards the development of socioemotional
skills in the classroom of Economics and Entrepreneurship in the fourth year of compulsory
secondary education. Unlike previous stages, the so-called industrial revolution 4.0 brings
important changes, not only in the technical skills demanded by the labor market (hard-skills),
but also the need to incorporate socioemotional skills (soft-skills). Numerous recent studies
conclude that the latter are gaining in importance over the former and, in fact, are considered
an essential part of an individual's personal and professional development. Society is rapidly
incorporating numerous unprecedented technological advances, but enormous inequalities
still persist, despite the efforts made in innovation and social transformation projects. In this
sense, the Service-Learning methodology is an ideal tool for working on soft skills in the
classroom, as it brings together in the same project an action of social commitment and
curricular learning. The projects framed in this methodology contribute to make the students
of today and adults of the future true agents of change, in favor of a fairer and more inclusive
society.Este trabajo de fin de máster pretende realizar una aproximación hacia el desarrollo de
competencias socioemocionales en el aula de Economía y Emprendimiento de 4º de ESO. A
diferencia de etapas anteriores, la llamada revolución industrial 4.0 conlleva cambios
importantes, no solo en las capacidades técnicas que demanda el mercado de trabajo (hardskills), sino que, además, se suma la necesidad de incorporar destrezas de tipo socioafectivo
(soft-skills). Numerosos estudios recientes concluyen que las segundas están ganando en
protagonismo a las primeras y, de hecho, se las considera una pieza imprescindible para
desarrollo personal y profesional del individuo. La sociedad está incorporando con gran
rapidez numerosos avances tecnológicos sin precedentes, pero aún persisten enormes
desigualdades, a pesar de los esfuerzos realizados en proyectos de innovación y
transformación social. En este sentido, la metodología Aprendizaje Servicio constituye una
herramienta idónea para el trabajo competencial en habilidades blandas en el aula, por reunir
en un mismo proyecto una acción de compromiso social y aprendizajes curriculares. Los
proyectos enmarcados en esta metodología contribuyen a hacer de los estudiantes de hoy y
adultos del futuro verdaderos agentes de cambio, en pro de una sociedad más justa e
inclusiva
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in HTLV-1 non-endemic regions
No full textBackground: HTLV-1 infection is a neglected disease, despite producing neurological and lymphoproliferative severe illnesses and affect over 10 million people worldwide. Roughly 5% of HTLV-1 carriers develop Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), one of the most aggressive hematological malignancies.
Methods: A national HTLV-1 register exists since 1989 in Spain, a non-endemic country with a large migrant flow from Latin America and Equatorial Africa, where HTLV-1 is endemic. The main features of all patients diagnosed with ATLL in Spain up to date are reported.
Results: A total of 451 cases of HTLV-1 infection had been reported in Spain until the end of year 2022. ATLL had been diagnosed in 35 (7.8%). The current average incidence of ATLL in Spain is of two cases per year. Women represent 57% of ATLL patients. Mean age at diagnosis was 47 years-old. Roughly 57% were Latin Americans and 26% Africans. At diagnosis, the majority presented with acute or lymphoma clinical forms. Survival was shorter than one year in most of them. Mean HTLV-1 proviral load was significantly greater in ATLL patients than in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers (2,305 vs 104 copies/104 PBMC). HTLV-1 subtyping in 6 ATLL patients found the 1a transcontinental variant (n = 4) and the Japanese variant (n = 2). All ATLL patients were negative for HIV-1, did not develop HTLV-1-associated myelopathy and were not transplant recipients.
Conclusion: The rate of ATLL is very low in Spain and mostly associated to migrants from HTLV-1 endemic regions. Given the poor clinical outcome of ATLL, HTLV-1 testing should be performed at least once in all migrants coming from HTLV-1 endemic countries and in natives who have lived in or had sex partners from such regions
Income and Well-Being in Latin America
No full textIn general terms the Latin American region is a middle-income one. On average, it is not a region where starvation and economic calamities prevail, but in some countries large segments of the population may be in difficult economic situation. The income situation usually attracts the attention of policy makers because a close and strong relations between income and well-being is assumed; however, this chapter shows that the relationship between income and well-being is neither simple nor straightforward; it also shows that economic growth is not necessarily associated to greater well-being