3,229 research outputs found
The etiology of the VACTERL association: maternal and genetic risk factors
No full textContains fulltext :
222395.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Radboud University, 28 oktober 2020Promotor : Brunner, H.G. Co-promotores : Roeleveld, N., Rooij, I.A.L.M. va
Deelgebied B
No full textBetreft vervolg op: Nederpelt, S, A. de Boer, R. van Lil en J.A.G. van Rooij, 2007: Toekomstig Ontwikkelingsgebied Nijkerkerveen Gemeente Nijkerk; Een bureauonderzoek. ADC rapport 1089.betreft vervolgonderzoek op Nederpelt, S, A. de Boer, R. van Lil en J.A.G. van Rooij, 2007: Toekomstig Ontwikkelingsgebied Nijkerkerveen Gemeente Nijkerk; Een bureauonderzoek. ADC rapport 1089
How the curse of intractability can be cognitive science’s blessing
No full textCite as: van Rooij, I. (2015). How the curse of intractability can be cognitive science’s blessing. In Noelle, D. C., Dale, R., Warlaumont, A. S., Yoshimi, J., Matlock, T., Jennings, C. D., & Maglio, P. P. (Eds.) (2015). In Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society
Knowledge Attributions in Context of Decision Problems
No full textIn this paper I will show that knowledge attributions that involve embedded questions are context dependent, and that this context dependence involves decision problems, just as the interpretation of standard answers to questions. I will also indicate that knowledge-that sentences are context dependent in a very same way. As a result, so I will argue, the analysis differs from the standard analyses by not just looking at relevant possible worlds. Instead, on this analysis the notion of fine-grainedness plays an important role. I will use the framework of Optimal Assertions, introduced by Benz and developed by Benz & van Rooij to account for optimal interpretations of assertions
Language structure: psychological and social constraints
No full textJäger G, van Rooij R. Language structure: psychological and social constraints. Synthese. 2007;159(1):99-130.In this article we discuss the notion of a linguistic universal, and possible sources of such invariant properties of natural languages. In the first part, we explore the conceptual issues that arise. In the second part of the paper, we focus on the explanatory potential of horizontal evolution. We particularly focus on two case studies, concerning Zipf's Law and universal properties of color terms, respectively. We show how computer simulations can be employed to study the large scale, emergent, consequences of psychologically and psychologically motivated assumptions about the working of horizontal language transmission
Onderzoeksgebied Begraafplaats Megen, gemeente Oss; archeologisch vooronderzoek: een inventariserend veldonderzoek (geofysisch)
No full textIn opdracht van de gemeente Oss heeft RAAP Archeologisch Adviesbureau in november 2016 een archeologisch onderzoek uitgevoerd op het terrein van de begraafplaats in Megen, gemeente Oss (een terrein van hoge archeologische waarde, ARCHIS-monumentnummer 4765). De aanleiding voor dit onderzoek is het feit dat tijdens kleinschalige graafwerkzaamheden op het terrein regelmatig gestuit wordt op funderingsresten. De gemeente Oss wil de ligging van funderingsresten binnen het onderzoeksgebied (de zuidwesthoek van de begraafplaats) in kaart laten brengen middels geofysisch onderzoek.
Het inventariserend veldonderzoek (IVO) bestond uit een geofysisch onderzoek (grondradaronderzoek). Om te beginnen is het onderzoeksgebied (ca 180 m2) gemeten en vervolgens zijn enkele banen op de begraafplaats buiten het onderzoekgebied gemeten. Tenslotte zijn direct volgend op het grondradaronderzoek controle (prikstok)boringen gezet. Aanvullend is een historisch kaartenonderzoek uitgevoerd om de resultaten beter te kunnen duiden.
De locatie betreft een monumentterrein (terrein van hoge archeologische waarde; ARCHISmonumentnummer 4765) op basis van de verwachte ligging van resten van de middeleeuwse Sint-Servatius kerk. De resultaten van dit onderzoek bevestigen deze verwachting. Binnen het onderzoeksgebied dient rekening te worden gehouden met de ligging van funderingsresten van de kerk vanaf 0,3 m –Mv in ieder geval binnen de op figuur 4 aangegeven zones. Daarnaast zijn mogelijk binnen het hele onderzoeksgebied en daarbuiten resten te verwachten van de kerk en het bijbehorende kerkhof. Het is onbekend wat de fysieke en inhoudelijke kwaliteit van de resten is. De behoudenswaardigheid van de vindplaats zou kunnen worden vastgesteld door middel van een proefsleuvenonderzoek.
Over dit advies kunt u contact op nemen met de bevoegde overheid, in deze drs. R. Jansen, archeoloog van de gemeente Oss
Introduction
No full textOne could define vagueness as the existence of borderline cases and characterise the philosophical debate on vagueness as being about the nature of these. The prevalent theories of vagueness can be divided into three categories, paralleling three logical interpretations of borderline cases: (i) a borderline case is a case of a truth-value gap; it is neither true nor false; (ii) a borderline case is a case of a truth-value glut; it is both true and false; and (iii) a borderline case is a case where the truth-value is non-classical. The third of these is proposed in the fuzzy logic approach to vagueness. Three-valued approaches have only ½ as a value in addition to the standard values 1 and 0. These approaches can be interpreted either as allowing for gaps or gluts, depending on how the notion of satisfaction or truth is defined. If a sentence is taken to be true only if its value is 1, it allows for gaps, but if it is taken to be true already if its value is at least ½ it allows for gluts. The most popular theories advertising gluts and gaps, however, are supervaluationism and subvaluationism, both of which make use of the notion of precisifications, that is, ways of making things precise. Truth-value gaps in supervaluationism are due to the way truth simpliciter, or supertruth, is defined: A proposition is supertrue (superfalse) if it is true (false) at all precisifications. This means that a proposition can be neither true nor false in case there exist two precisifications, one of which make it true and one of which makes it false. Conversely, in subvaluation theory, the same scenario would lead to a truth-value glut. That is, the proposition would be both true and false. This is because subvaluationism defines truth simpliciter as being true at some precisifcation.</p
Strategic Vagueness, and Appropriate Contexts
No full textThis paper brings together several approaches to vagueness, and ends by suggesting a new approach. The common thread in these approaches is the crucial role played by context. In Section 2, we treat game-theoretic rationales for vagueness, and for the related concepts of ambiguity and generality. Common about these rationales is that they are based on the assumption of a conflict of interest between speaker and listener. We review this literature using a single example. We argue that the most plausible application to vagueness in natural language of these models is one where the listener only imperfectly observes the context in which the speaker makes her utterances. Yet, it is clear that not all vagueness can be accounted for by conflicts of interest. This is why the rest of the paper looks at the case of common interest. Section 3 argues that being vague by saying that someone is bald makes sense in a context where precision is of less importance; in a context where precision is of more importance, one can then refer to someone as completely bald. This make sense because the longer and therefore more costly to utter expression ‘completely bald’ is then used less often. Vagueness is thus seen as an application of Horn’s pragmatic rule that (un)marked states get an (un)marked expression. Section 4 tackles the Sorites paradox, which apparently leads to the violation of standard axioms of rational behaviour, and shows that this paradox arises from the use of vague predicates in an inappropriate context. If, as suggested by the Sorites paradox, fine-grainedness is important, then a vague language should not be used. Once vague language is used in an appropriate context, standard axioms of rational behaviour are no longer violated. Section 5 finally takes a different approach from the previous sections, and following prospect theory assumes that context directly enter agents’ utility functions in the form of reference points, with respect to which agents think in gains and losses. The rationale for vagueness here is that vague predicates allow players to express their valuations, without necessarily uttering the context, so that the advantage of vague predicates is that they can be expressed across contexts
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