1,721,005 research outputs found
La loi peut-elle contrôler la pollution des eaux ? [De l'applicabilité et des améliorations possibles de la réglementation chinoise]
No full textvan Rooij Benjamin, Lelièvre Mathilde. La loi peut-elle contrôler la pollution des eaux ? [De l'applicabilité et des améliorations possibles de la réglementation chinoise]. In: Perspectives chinoises, n°72, 2002. pp. 43-57
Using Outcomes to Measure Aggregate-Level Compliance – Justifications, Challenges, and Practices
No full textLaws, rules, and regulations are intended to achieve goals, and the measurement of compliance is thought of as a way to verify if they function as intended. In this perspective, it may make sense to try and see not only whether and to what extent rules are complied with – but whether intended outcomes are achieved. In particular, the purpose of the chapter is measuring aggregate (rather than individual) compliance through outcomes measurement, and thus seeing the extent to which the entire regulatory system is functioning “as intended.” This contribution takes specifically the angle of outcomes measurement as proxy for the aggregate compliance level of regulated entities, providing an instrument to assess the performance of the regulatory system as a whole. Looking at several major regulatory fields, outcomes can be defined in terms of direct, physical-world results (occupational health and safety, food safety, environmental protection). The chapter also considers what the challenges are for the use of aggregate outcome data, how these can be managed, and what the practices of some leading regulatory agencies or services are. Often, these combine compliance measurement (direct) and outcomes measurement in order to compensate for each of the shortcomings and limitations of these approaches. Finally, the chapter briefly considers the obstacles and possible ways forward in applying “aggregate outcomes measurement” approaches – and the specific difficulties in using them in certain regulatory domains
The Social and Organizational Psychology of Compliance: How Organizational Culture Impacts on (Un)ethical Behavior
Get PDFIn psychological theory and research, compliance is generally seen as the most superficial and weakest form of behavioral adaptation. The current contribution examines how the social context of work – the organizational culture – can be organized to stimulate ethical business conduct. By reviewing social psychological theory and research, we illustrate how an ethical culture can be developed and maintained through ethical leadership and by mainstreaming ethics into existing business models. This is markedly different from more common legal approaches. It requires that a commitment to ethical business conduct is visible from the tone at the top, that organizational leaders “walk the talk” on the work floor, and that this matches the implicit messages that organizational members receive on a day-to-day basis about what really matters and what should be prioritized. Attempts to increase rule compliance are bound to fail when organizational incentives and rewards focus on individual bottom-line achievement regardless of how this is done. Empirical evidence supports the claim that organizational culture is an important factor in stimulating ethical conduct. By creating an ethical culture, organizations develop an “ethical mindset” in organizational members, which helps them not only to understand and internalize existing guidelines in their current work but also to apply the “spirit” of these guidelines to new dilemmas and emerging situations. This makes investing in an ethical culture a sustainable business solution
Changing a culture of sexual violence in colleges and universities through active bystander training
No full textIn this chapter, the author presents the evidence showing the pervasive nature of sexual violence experienced by college and university students. She argues that a culture of sexual violence has evolved in colleges and universities around the world. This culture is perpetuated at five-stepped levels of an ecological model (Jones et al., 2020). Consequently, it is vital that the solution to prevent sexual violence disrupts the perpetuation of sexual violence at each of the five levels. One solution that has the potential to do this are bystander interventions. The chapter reviews the research about how students intervene in sexual violence incidents. This review is framed using the work of Latane and Darley (1969) and their five-stage model of becoming an active bystander. As such, the chapter then critically reviews evaluations of key active bystander training programmes. The limitations of these programmes and evaluation research are listed as recommendations to enhance the training of the student community to become active bystanders so that they disrupt a culture of sexual violence. To reinforce these recommendations, the author argues that institutions of higher education must ensure that their policies and practices are synonymous with the messages emanating from active bystander training programmes
Olthof_Open_Practices_Disclosure – Supplemental material for Critical Fluctuations as an Early-Warning Signal for Sudden Gains and Losses in Patients Receiving Psychotherapy for Mood Disorders
No full textSupplemental material, Olthof_Open_Practices_Disclosure for Critical Fluctuations as an Early-Warning Signal for Sudden Gains and Losses in Patients Receiving Psychotherapy for Mood Disorders by Merlijn Olthof, Fred Hasselman, Guido Strunk, Marieke van Rooij, Benjamin Aas, Marieke A. Helmich, Günter Schiepek and Anna Lichtwarck-Aschoff in Clinical Psychological Science</p
Olthof_Supplemental_Material – Supplemental material for Critical Fluctuations as an Early-Warning Signal for Sudden Gains and Losses in Patients Receiving Psychotherapy for Mood Disorders
No full textSupplemental material, Olthof_Supplemental_Material for Critical Fluctuations as an Early-Warning Signal for Sudden Gains and Losses in Patients Receiving Psychotherapy for Mood Disorders by Merlijn Olthof, Fred Hasselman, Guido Strunk, Marieke van Rooij, Benjamin Aas, Marieke A. Helmich, Günter Schiepek and Anna Lichtwarck-Aschoff in Clinical Psychological Science</p
O código comportamental:: que fatores legais e extralegais influenciam comportamentos humanos?
Get PDFhttps://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8966/2025/86220
[Resenhas]
O código comportamental: que fatores legais e extralegais influenciam comportamentos humanos?
VAN ROOIJ, Benjamin; FINE, Adam. The Behavioral Code: The Hidden Ways the Law Makes Us Better or Worse”, New York: Beacon Press, 2021
Regulating through leverage: Civil regulation in China
Get PDFThe overarching goal of this study is to examine the efforts of Chinese NGOs to prevent and/or control industrial pollution risks and then use the findings of this research to study the nature of civil regulation in, and beyond, China’s authoritarian setting. It first argues that 'regulation through leverage' takes place in all types of regulation, not just civil. Second, regulation in our modern world is no longer a simple binary affair. Multiple players and multiple instruments concurrently interact on the regulatory landscape. Third, the thesis underlines the importance of examining authoritarian regimes in more detail to understand the kind of space they may or may not have for civil regulation, and how various pre-conditions shapes civil regulation. Fourth, in contrast to much of the existing literature that casts the state in a supporting role of civil regulation, this thesis shows that civil regulation in China takes place both in the shadow of the state and through the state and as such the occurrence of civil regulation does not necessarily have to coincide with a retreat of the regulatory state. Fifth, the examination of the civil regulatory phenomenon contained in this thesis underline the point that the field needs to rethink our understanding of the constitutes of civil regulation. Six, the theoretical implications of the findings derived from the study discusses the prospect of civil regulation in a world where governments worldwide are devising elaborate ways to obstruct the activities of independent civil societies
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