943 research outputs found
Data for: The non-democratic roots of mass education: Evidence from 200 years
No full textThis is an Annotation for Transparent Inquiry (ATI) data project. The annotated article can be viewed on the publisher's website.
Project Summary
This project assesses the impact of democratization on primary school enrollment rates using quantitative data from 1820 to 2010 to estimate difference-in-differences and interrupted time series models of the impact of democratization. It finds that, on average, there is little evidence to support the claim that democratization led to the expansion of primary schooling. The study then unpacks this average result to explain what lies behind the null effect. It finds that democracy can lead to the expansion of primary schooling, but the key condition under which it does—when a majority of the population lacked access to primary schooling before democratization—rarely holds. Indeed, the study documents that, among countries that experienced democratization, the average primary school enrollment rate was already 70% before transitioning to democracy. Although the project does not seek to provide a conclusive answer to why there was so much provision of primary education under non-democracies, the section titled “Primary School Systems Under Non-Democracies” explores several possible answers to help readers entertain the possibility that the provision of primary education may have been high under non-democracies—because this is a counterintuitive finding given the previous literature in political science and economics. With that modest goal in mind, this section surveys existing research in history, sociology, political science, and economics to parse out four common arguments for the provision of primary schooling under non-democratic regimes; provides exploratory quantitative tests for these arguments; and, using online annotations, provides qualitative evidence that illustrates these arguments.
Data Generation and Analysis
The gathering of qualitative evidence focused on either the founding period of primary education systems or the period of fastest expansion of primary schooling in six non-democratic regimes chosen to have variation across space and over time: Prussia (1750s and 1760s), France (1830s), Chile (1860s), Argentina (1880s), USSR (1930s), and China (1950s). For each case, the author gathered primary and secondary sources in English, Spanish, or French that provided evidence about the rationales used by non-democratic regimes to expand access to primary education. On average five sources per country were analyzed, including: speech transcripts by presidents, ministers of education, and congressmen from parliamentary debates; newspaper and magazines articles, letters, books, memoirs, and other documents written by politicians who participated in education debates; reports written by official government missions from foreign countries that traveled to learn about the selected education systems; official education laws and regulations; books and PhD dissertations specializing on the history of education of these cases. All sources analyzed were obtained from Stanford Libraries, UCSD Libraries, HathiTrust, the Biblioteca Nacional del Maestro in Argentina, or the Biblioteca Nacional de Chile. Language limitations implied a greater ability to consult primary sources from Argentina, Chile, and France than from Prussia, the USSR, and China, where reliance on secondary sources was greater.
For each source, the author extracted citations that provided evidence of the rationales espoused by non-democratic regimes to provide primary education. Each citation was classified using a common coding scheme based on the type of argument being made for the provision of primary education: molding political values and behaviors, industrialization, military strength, promoting the social mobility of the lower classes, responding to parental demand, staying in vogue with global ideas, or other reasons. A set of 45 citations (out of 150) were identified as “strong” evidence for three types of common arguments for primary education provision under non-democratic regimes: molding political values and behaviors, industrialization, and military strength. The other theorized arguments appeared less often and either lacked strong evidence in the sampled sources (staying in vogue with global ideas, promoting social mobility) or had strong evidence against them (responding to parental demand).
Logic of Annotation
Online annotations were used to illustrate those arguments for which strong qualitative evidence was found. The citations included in the annotations were chosen so as to provide as clear an illustration of a theoretical argument as possible within a relatively short amount of space (i.e., without requiring readers to read an entire book or parliamentary debate transcript). Analytic notes were used in almost all annotations to offer additional context about a source and its author, and to specify the interpretations made from a citation or set of citations.</p
DNA Barcoding Ikan Melem Biru Berdasarkan Gen Cytochrome-B Sebagai Upaya Identifikasi Kekayaan Genetik Plasma Nutfah Indonesia
No full textABSTRACT Agustina, Niken Eka. 2016. DNA Barcoding Ikan Melem Biru Berdasarkan Gen Cytochrome-B Sebagai Upaya Identifikasi Kekayaan Genetik Plasma Nutfah Indonesia. Skripsi, Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas negeri Malang. Pembimbing (I) Dra. Dwi listyorini, M. Si, D. Sc dan (II) Nuning Wulandari, S. Si, M.SiKata kunci: Ikan Melem Biru, DNA Barcoding, Cytochrome-b, karakter morfologi Ikan Melem Biru merupakan ikan air tawar yang memiliki nama lokal berbeda pada tiap daerah. Banyaknya nama lokal tersebut membuat posisi taksonomi ikan Melem Biru menjadi kabur. Diperlukan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi ikan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) untuk menentukan spesies ikan Melem Biru berdasarkan sekuen gen Cyt-b; (2) untuk mengetahui filogenetik ikan Melem Biru yang berdasarkan sekuen gen Cyt-b. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif eksploratif yang data berupa gen Cyt-b dan pengukuran morfometri meristik. Gen Cyt-b diamplifikasi menggunakan primer LA-cyp (5’ ATG GCA AGC CTA CGA AAA AC-’) dan HA-cyp (5’-TCG GAT TAC AAG ACC GAT GCT T-’). Analisis genetik dilakukan dengan software MEGA 6 dengan metode Minimum Evolution, Neighbor Joining, dan Maximum Likelihood. Evaluasi pohon filogenetik dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis boostrap sebanyak 1000 ulangan serta analisis distance tree dari BLAST NCBI. Berdasarkan analisis genetik menunjukkan Ikan Melem Biru dari Kab. Ponorogo bukan anggota dari Genus Osteochilus namun masih berada dalam Famili Cyprinidae, sedangkan Ikan Melem Biru dari Kab. Malang masih satu Genus dengan Osteochilus. Berdasarkan identifikasi karakter morfologi, Ikan Melem Biru dari Kab. Ponorogo diduga sebagai Osteochilus vittatus dan Kab. Malang diduga sebagai anggota Genus Osteochilus. Jadi terdapat inkonsistensi posisi taksonomi ikan Melem Biru
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN AUDITORY, INTELLECTUALLY, AND REPETITION (AIR) BERBASIS MEDIA FLASHCARD UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENYELESAIKAN SOAL CERITA BANGUN DATAR (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Pada Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri Mangkubumen Kulon No.83, Surakarta Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018)
Get PDFABSTRACT Eka Agustina Khairunnisa. K7114044. The Implementation of AIR (Auditory, Intellectually and Repetiton) Learning Model Bases Flashcard to Improve Problem Solving Skill of Plane Geometry (Classroom Action Research of The Student in Grade V of State Primary School Mangkubumen Kulon No. 83 Surakarta in the Academic Year of 2017/2018). Skripsi. Surakarta: Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Sebelas Maret University, July 2018. The purpose of the research is to improve problem solving skill of plane geometry of the student in Grade V of State Primary School Mangkubumen Kulon No. 83 of Surakarta in academic year of 2017/2018 by implementation of the AIR’s steps (Auditory, Intellectually and Repetiton) learning model bases Flashcard. The form of this research is Classroom Action Research (CAR) which the implementation with three cycles. Each cycle consists of four steps, there are planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The subjects of this research are the teacher and the students as many as 24 students of the student in Grade V of State Primary School Mangkubumen Kulon No. 83 of Surakarta in academic year of 2017/2018. The data collecting techniques are observation, interview, test, and content analysis. Data validity tests are using content validity and triangulation. The data are analysis by interactive analysis model. The results shows that the classical completeness has increase, from 20.83% in pretest, 38.1% on cycle I, 87.5% on cycle II, and then 91.67% on cycle III. However, 8,33% (2 students) still earned the score ≤ 70 due to their constraint in Mathematic especially in numeracy skill. As a follow up, they are give more guidance and remedial test by the teacher. The result of the assessment of study activity and teacher performance appraisal also increase. Thus, the application of AIR learning model bases Flashcard can improve the problem solving skill of the student in Grade V of State Primary School Mangkubumen Kulon No. 83 of Surakarta in academic year of 2017/2018. Key Word : AIR (Auditory, Intellectually and Repetiton) learning model, Flashcard, problem solving skill.
Penggunaan Media Gambar dan Kartu Kata untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menulis Kalimat pada Siswa Kelas 1 SDN Pagentan 0I Kecamatan Singosari Kabupaten Malang.
No full textABSTRAK Agustina, Eka. 2011. Penggunaan Media Gambar dan Kartu Kata untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menulis Kalimat pada Siswa Kelas 1 SDN Pagentan 0I Kecamatan Singosari Kabupaten Malang. Ujian Akhir Program, Program Studi S1 PJJ PGSD, Jurusan Kependidikan Sekolah Dasar dan Prasekolah, Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Malang. Pembimbing: Dr. Musa Sukardi, M.Pd. Kata Kunci: Media Kartu Kata, hasil belajar, aktifitas siswa. Penggunaan media gambar dan kartu kata ini sangat cocok digunakan guru untuk dijadikan suatu media dalam meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menulis kaliamat, Dalam usaha peningkatan mutu pendidikan tersebut perlu ada perbaikan dan pengembangan dalam segenap aspek pendidikan, salah satunya dari kualitas pendidik. Penelitian ini menggunakan media gambar dan kartu kata dengan rancangan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, yang dilakukan dalam 2 siklus, siklus 1 terbagi 2 kali pertemuan sedangkan siklus 2 dilakukan dalam 1 kali pertemuan. Penelitian in idilakukan selama 3 bulan mulai bulan Maret sampai dengan Mei 2011. Data yang digunakan ditentukan dengan perolehan nilai siswa. Untuk teknik analisa data digunakan 4 tahapan yaitu planning (rencana), action (tindakan), observation (pengamatan), dan reflection (refleksi). Berdasarkan hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan siswa kelas 1 SDN Pagentan 01 dalam melaksanaan pembelajaran bahasa indonesia terutama menulis kalimat pada siklus 1 pertemuan 1 memperoleh hasil 64% untuk siswa yang kurang dalam penguasaan materi pada siklus 1 pertemuan 2 hasil yang diperoleh 48% untuk siswa yang kurang dalam penguasaan materi siklus 2 pertemuan 2 hasil yang diperoleh siswa mengalami peningkatan karena jumlah siswa yang tidak dapat menguasai materi hanya 39%.Dengan perolehan hasil belajar siswa maka guru dapat mengetahui tingkat kemampuan siswa sehingga dapat memilih rancangan yang tepat untuk proses belajar mengajar. Berdasarkan hasil temuan-temuan pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media gambar dan kartu kata dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar serta keaktifan siswa dalam menulis kalimat
PERAN USAHA KILANG PADI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN TENAGA KERJA DI DESA SUNGAI SOLOK KECAMATAN KUALA KAMPAR KABUPATEN PELALAWAN DITINJAU MENURUT PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI SYARIAH
Get PDFABSTRAK
Eka Agustina, (2019): Peran Usaha Kilang Padi Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Tenaga Kerja Di Desa Sungai Solok Kecamatan Kuala Kampar Kabupaten Pelalawan Ditinjau Menurut Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pengamatan penulis mengenai perkembangan usaha kilang padi yang ada di Desa Sungai Solok Kecamatan Kuala Kampar Kabupaten Pelalawan. Penulis mengambil lokasi di daerah Sungai Solok karena di desa ini sudah berdiri 26 usaha kilang padi yang merupakan salah satu usaha keluarga atau masyarakat untuk meningkatkan pendapatan. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah, bagaimana peran usaha kilang padi dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan tenaga kerja di Desa Sungai Solok Kecamatan Kuala Kampar Kabupaten Pelalawan, dan apa saja faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan tenaga kerja di Desa Sungai Solok Kecamatan Kuala Kampar Kabupaten Pelalawan dan Bagaimana tinjauan Ekonomi Syariah terhadap peran usaha kilang padi dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan tenaga kerja di Desa Sungai Solok Kecamatan Kuala Kampar Kabupaten Pelalawan.
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini keseluruhannya adalah tenaga kerja yang bekerja di usaha kilang padi yang berjumlah 52 orang. Karena jumlah populasinya banyak maka penulis mengambil 35 orang dari 52 orang tersebut. tekni pengambilan sample penulis gunaan teori slovin, sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, angket dan dokumentasi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah tenaga kerja usaha kilang padi, sedangkan obyeknya adalah tentang peran usaha kilang padi. Dalam penelitian ini penulis menganalisis data secara deskriptif kualitatif.
Berdasarkan penelitian di Desa Sungai Solok Kecamatan Kuala Kampar Kabupaten Pelalawan usaha kilang padi ini mampu memberi peranan dalam meningkatkan kesejahterakan tenaga kerja yang bekerja di usaha kilang padi. Peranan usaha kilang padi bagi pengusaha yaitu membantu memenuhi kebutuhan pokok sehari-hari, membantu biaya pendidikan sekolah anak, membantu biaya kesehatan atau pengobatan, dan dari usaha kilang padi mereka juga dapat memperoleh kendaraan, sedangkan untuk tenaga kerja peranan usaha kilang padi dapat membantu pendapatan rumah tangga dan juga mampu membantu kondisi rumah tangga. Terutama dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pokok sehari-hari.
Ada beberapa faktor pendukung dalam menjalankan usaha kilang padi ini, di antaranya adalah lokasi usaha yang berada di tempat persawahan atau pertanian dan bahan baku yang mudah di dapat. Dan faktor penghambat yang di hadapi dalam usaha kilang padi adalah masalah modal, faktor cuaca, atau iklim dan bahan bakar minyak.
Usaha kilang padi dalam mensejahterakan tenaga kerja di Desa Sungai Solok Kecamatan Kuala Kampar Kabupaten Pelalawan.telah sesuai dengan tinjauan Ekonomi Syariah karena tidak ada yang melanggar Syariat Islam , baik yang diproduksi maupun memberikan peranan dalam meningkatkan kesejahterakan tenaga kerja di Desa Sungai Solok Kecamatan Kuala Kampar Kabupaten Pelalawan
JUAL BELI PRODUK SUSU KEMASAN SECARA ILEGAL DITINJAU DARI UU NO. 8 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN DAN HUKUM ISLAM (Studi Kasus Home Industry Desa Purworejo Sanankulon Blitar)
Get PDFABSTRAK
Riski Eka Agustina, NIM. 17101153015, Jual Beli Produk Susu Kemasan Secara
Ilegal Ditinjau Dari UU No. 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan
Kosumen dan Hukum Islam (Studi Kasus Home Industry Desa Purworejo
Sanankulon Blitar), Jurusan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Fakultas Syariah
Dan Ilmu Hukum, IAIN Tulungagung, 2019, Pembimbing Lailatul
Nikmah M.Pd
Kata kunci: Jual Beli, Produk Susu Kemasan Secara Ilegal, UU No. 8 Tahun 1999
Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, Hukum Islam.
Jual beli merupakan kegiatan tukar menukar barang dengan sejumlah uang
antar manusia satu dengan manusia lain yang dalam kehidupan sehari-hari tidak
dapat dipisahkan. Manusia memiliki kebutuhan hidup yang paling pokok yaitu
berupa sandang (pakaian), pangan (makanan) dan papan (tempat tinggal). Ketiga
kebutuhan hidup manusia tersebut sangatlah penting dan paling utama di
bandingkan dengan kebutuhan lainnya. Jual beli produk makanan maupun
minuman yang secara ilegal sangat banyak sekali di Negara Indonesia ini, seperti
di Home Industry Desa Purworejo Sanankulon Blitar. Disana memproduksi serta
menjual produk berupa susu kemasan yang pada dasarnya susu tersebut beredar
secara ilegal. Secara umum jual beli produk secara ilegal di larang karena belum
memiliki ijin dari BPOM serta label halal dari MUI. Produk yang masih ilegal
sangatlah mebahayakan konsumen. Apalagi di Negara juga sudah di atur
mengenai UU yang melindungi konsumen yakni UU No. 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang
Perlindungan Konsumen.
Melihat fenomena di atas peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian
dengan rumusan masalah sebagai berikut: (1) Bagaimana praktek jual beli produk
susu kemasan secara ilegal di Home Industry desa Purworejo Sanankulon Blitar?
(2) Bagaimana tinjauan dalam UU No. 8 Tahun 1999 terhadap perlindungan
konsumen terkait jual beli produk susu kemasan secara ilegal di Home Industry
desa Purworejo Sanankulon Blitar? (3) Bagaimana tinjauan hukum islam terhadap
jual beli produk susu kemasan secara ilegal di Home Industry desa Purworejo
Sanankulon Blitar? Adapun yang menjadi tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1)
Untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana praktek jual beli produk susu kemasan secara
ilegal di Home Industry desa Purworejo Sanankulon Blitar. (2) Untuk
menganalisis bagaimana tinjauan dalam UU No. 8 Tahun 1999 terhadap
perlindungan konsumen terkait jual beli produk susu kemasan secara ilegal di
Home Industry desa Purworejo Sanankulon Blitar. (3) Untuk menganalisis
bagaimana tinjauan hukum islam terhadap jual beli produk susu kemasan secara
ilegal di Home Industry desa Purworejo Sanankulon Blitar.
Metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni metode observasi,
wawancara dan dokomentasi. Observasi dilakukan langsung di lokasi untuk
mengetahui situasi dan kondisi bagaimana transaksi jual beli produk susu
kemasan secara ilegal di Home Industry desa Purworejo Sanankulon Blitar
AGUSTINA BESSA-LUÍS E O BRASIL: DIÁRIO DE VIAGEM
Get PDFAgustina Bessa-Luís e o Brasil: diário de viagem. Este trabalho analisa Breviário
do Brasil (1991), relato que é fruto de viagem empreendida ao Brasil em 1988, por
ocasião do ciclo Os portugueses ao encontro da sua história. O trabalho aborda o
gênero do relato de viagens no contexto da prolífera obra da autora e suas impressões no
contexto do tema do simpósio, a saber: relações luso-brasileiras: entre o ressentimento e
o fascínio.
Abstract
Agustina Bessa-Luís and Brazil: dairy of a journey. This article analyses Breviário
do Brasil (Brazilian Breviary) (1991), book that is the result of a trip of the author to
Brazil in 1998, by the occasion of the cycle The Portugueses meet their history. The
analyses studies the genre of traveling report within the large work of Agustina Bessa-
Luís and her impressions of Brazil within the context of the theme of this symposium,
resentment and fascination
PRACTICES TO SUPPORT STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILL at MODERN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL RADEN PAKU TRENGGALEK
Get PDFNikmah, Eka Agustina A. Student Registered Number (17203163053). Practices to Support Students’ Speaking Skill at Modern Islamic Boarding School Raden Paku Trenggalek. A Thesis of English Education Department. Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training. State Islamic Institute (IAIN) of Tulungagung 2020. Advisor : Dr. Susanto, SS., M.Pd.
Keywords : Speaking Practice Program, Activities Speaking, learning speaking.
Speaking is one important and essential skill that must be practices to communicated orally. Speaking is a skill that must be practiced by the students for improving their speaking proficiency by mastering several speaking components such as comprehension, pronunciation, vocabulary and fluency. To support the students speaking skill the teaching process build facilitate the students to have sufficient opportunities to practice their speaking. Modern Islamic Boarding School Raden Paku Trenggalek has targets one of them is to facilitate the students to be skillfull in mastering English, especially speaking. This study is directed to investigate the practices done by the Modern Islamic Boarding School Raden Paku to facilitate the students to improve their speaking proficiency.
The formulations of the research problems are : 1) What are the activities set to support students’ speaking skill at Modern Islamic Boarding School Raden Paku Trenggalek? 2) How are the students’ problems in adjusting themselve to the set activities to support their speaking skill at Modern Islamic Boarding School Raden Paku Trenggalek?.
The research design in this research was a case study with qualitative approach. The subjects were the teachers who took position as (LAC and LURAH), the Language Division Organization (OPPPM) and three students of Modern Islamic Boarding School Raden Paku Trenggalek,. The researcher use observations, interviews, and documentation as the methods of collecting data of the research. The data analysis in this research were data reduction, data display and the conclusion drawing. To check the trustworthiness of data the study use Data sources triangulation.
The result of this study revealed that the Modern Islamic Boarding School Raden Paku Trenggalek set vorious activities to support students’ speaking skill. Those activities were divided into 3 activities, (a) Daily activities consisted of English day, vocabulary building and conversation practice. (b) Weekly activities consisted of drilling vocabulary, grammar practice and speech practice. (c) Annual consisted LCC Language Camp Competition. Meanwhile the students got problems in adjusting themselves to the set activities, they were : (a) Grammar practices activity. (b) Vocabulary building activity. (c) Conversation activity. (d) Speech practice activity
The form and use of everyday streets
No full textEveryday streets facilitate various activities and movements, both indoors and outdoors. The second section of this book addresses the following question: What is the relationship between the urban form of everyday streets and the activities that occur on them?Urban Desig
Introduction to Everyday Streets
No full textEveryday streets are both the most used and the most undervalued of cities’ public spaces. They constitute the inclusive backbone of urban life – the chief civic amenity – though they are challenged by optimisation processes. Everyday streets are as profuse, rich and complex as the people who use them; they are places of social aggregation, bringing together those belonging to different classes, genders, ages, ethnicities and nationalities. They comprise not just the familiar outdoor spaces that we use to move and interact and the facades that are commonly viewed as their primary component but also urban blocks, interiors, depths...Urban Desig
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