38 research outputs found
Understanding gendered challenges of noncommunicable diseases in the slums of India: Towards a perspective on communal care
No full textBunders-Aelen, J.G.F. [Promotor]Pariente, A.F. [Promotor]Cock Buning, J.T. de [Copromotor
Gastric myoelectrical activity in morbidly obese patients before and 3 months after gastric restrictive surgery
No full textGastric myoelectrical activity in morbidly obese patients before and 3 months after gastric restrictive surgery. van Dielen FM, de Cock AF, Daams F, Brummer RJ, Greve JW. Department of General Surgery, University Hospital, Maastricht, The Netherlands. [email protected] BACKGROUND: Morbid obesity is often associated with gastrointestinal motor disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate gastric motility in morbid obesity, using electrogastrography (EGG) before and 3 months after gastric restrictive surgery. METHODS: 40 morbidly obese subjects (age 40.6+/-10.3 years, BMI 46.4+/-5.7 kg/m2) were studied. VBG and Lap-Band operations were performed in 19 and 21 patients respectively. The following EGG-parameters were determined, both during fasting (f) and postprandially (pp): dominant frequency (DF(f/pp)), dominant power (DP(f/pp)), dominant frequency and power instability coefficient (DFIC and DPIC respectively) and power ratio. RESULTS: In the Lap-Band group, DF(pp), DP(pp) and DFIC(pp) were significantly higher compared with the preprandial state, both preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. After VBG, DF(f) and DFIC(pp) were significantly lower and DPIC(f) significantly higher compared with the preoperative state. Furthermore, DF(pp) and DP(pp) were significantly higher than the preprandial values. However, in both types of operations, power ratio did not differ significantly between the preoperative and postoperative situation. Furthermore, no clear difference in EGG-parameters between both operations could be observed. CONCLUSION: After gastric restrictive surgery, no major changes in gastric myoelectrical activity occurred, suggesting that if clinical motility problems occur after bariatric surgery, they are not due to gastric myoelectrical dysfunctio
Author Profiling and Plagiarism Detection
No full textThe final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25485-2_6In this chapter we introduce the topics that we will cover in the RuSSIR 2014 course on Author Profiling and Plagiarism Detection (APPD). Author profiling distinguishes between classes of authors studying how language is shared by classes of people. This task helps in identifying profiling aspects such as gender, age, native language, or even personality type. In case of the plagiarism detection task we are not interested in studying how language is shared. On the contrary, given a document we are interested in investigating if the writing style changes in order to unveil text inconsistencies, i.e., unexpected irregularities through the document such as changes in vocabulary, style and text complexity. In fact, when it is not possible to retrieve the source document(s) where plagiarism has been committed from, the intrinsic analysis of the suspicious document is the only way to find evidence of plagiarism. The difficulty in retrieving the source of plagiarism could be due to the fact that the documents are not available on the web or the plagiarised text fragments were obfuscated via paraphrasing or translation (in case the source document was in another language). In this overview, we also discuss the results of the shared tasks on author profiling (gender and age identification) and plagiarism detection that we help to organise at the PAN Lab on Uncovering Plagiarism, Authorship, and Social Software Misuse.The PAN shared tasks on author profil-ing and on plagiarism detection have been organised in the framework of the WIQ-EIIRSES project (Grant No. 269180) within the EC FP 7 Marie Curie People. The research work described in the paper was carried out in the framework of the DIANA-APPLICATIONS-Finding Hidden Knowledge in Texts: Applications (TIN2012-38603-C02-01) project, and the VLC/CAMPUS Microcluster on Multimodal Interaction inIntelligent Systems.Rosso, P. (2015). Author Profiling and Plagiarism Detection. En Information Retrieval. Springer. 229-250. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25485-2_6S229250Argamon, S., Koppel, M., Fine, J., Shimoni, A.R.: Gender, genre, and writing style in formal written texts. TEXT 23, 321–346 (2003)Association of Teachers and Lecturers. School work plagued by plagiarism - ATL survey. Technical report, Association of Teachers and Lecturers, London, UK (2008). (Press release)Barrón-Cedeño, A.: On the mono- and cross-language detection of text re-use and plagiarism. Ph.D. thesis, Universitat Politènica de València (2012)Barrón-Cedeño, A., Rosso, P., Pinto, D., Juan, A.: On cross-lingual plagiarism analysis using a statistical model. In: Proceedings of the ECAI 2008 Workshop on Uncovering Plagiarism, Authorship and Social Software Misuse, PAN 2008 (2008)Barrón-Cedeño, A., Gupta, P., Rosso, P.: Methods for cross-language plagiarism detection. Knowl. Based Syst. 50, 11–17 (2013)Barrón-Cedeño, A., Vila, M., Martí, M., Rosso, P.: Plagiarism meets paraphrasing: insights for the next generation in automatic plagiarism detection. Comput. Linguist. 39(4), 917–947 (2013)Bogdanova, D., Rosso, P., Solorio, T.: Exploring high-level features for detecting cyberpedophilia. Comput. Speech Lang. 28(1), 108–120 (2014)Braschler, M., Harman, D.: Notebook papers of CLEF 2010 LABs and workshops. Padua, Italy (2010)Cappellato, L., Ferro, N., Halvey, M., Kraaij, W.: CLEF 2014 labs and workshops, notebook papers. In: CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org), ISSN 1613–0073 (2014). http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1180/Comas, R., Sureda, J., Nava, C., Serrano, L.: Academic cyberplagiarism: a descriptive and comparative analysis of the prevalence amongst the undergraduate students at Tecmilenio University (Mexico) and Balearic Islands University (Spain). In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies (EDULEARN 2010), Barcelona (2010)Flesch, R.: A new readability yardstick. J. Appl. Psychol. 32(3), 221–233 (1948)Flores, E., Barrón-Cedeño, A., Rosso, P., Moreno, L.: Desocore: detecting source code re-use across programming languages. In: Proceedings of 12th International Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, NAACL-2012, pp. 1–4, Montreal, Canada (2012)Flores, E., Barrón-Cedeño, A., Moreno, L., Rosso, P.: Uncovering source code re-use in large-scale programming environments. In: Computer Applications in Engineering and Education, Accepted (2014). doi: 10.1002/cae.21608Forner, P., Navigli, R., Tufis, D.: CLEF 2013 evaluation labs and workshop - working notes papers, 23–26 September. Valencia, Spain (2013)Franco-Salvador, M., Gupta, P., Rosso, P.: Cross-Language plagiarism detection using a multilingual semantic network. In: Braslavski, P., Kuznetsov, S.O., Kamps, J., Rüger, S., Agichtein, E., Segalovich, I., Yilmaz, E., Serdyukov, P. (eds.) ECIR 2013. LNCS, vol. 7814, pp. 710–713. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)Franco-Salvador, M., Gupta, P., Rosso, P.: Knowledge graphs as context models: improving the detection of cross-language plagiarism with paraphrasing. In: Ferro, N. (ed.) PROMISE Winter School 2013. LNCS, vol. 8173, pp. 227–236. Springer, Heidelberg (2014)Gollub, T., Stein, B., Burrows, S.: Ousting Ivory tower research: towards a web framework for providing experiments as a service. In: Hersh, B., Callan, J., Maarek, Y., Sanderson, M., (eds.) 35th International ACM Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR 2012), pp. 1125–1126. ACM, August 2012. ISBN 978-1-4503-1472-5. doi: 10.1145/2348283.2348501Gollub, T., Hagen, M., Michel, M., Stein, B.: From keywords to keyqueries: content descriptors for the web. In: Gurrin, C., Jones, G., Kelly, D., Kruschwitz, U., de Rijke, M., Sakai, T., Sheridan, P., (eds.) 36th International ACM Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR 2013), pp. 981–984. ACM (2013)Goswami, S., Sarkar, S., Rustagi, M.: Stylometric analysis of bloggers’ age and gender. In: Adar, E., Hurst, M., Finin, T., Glance, N.S., Nicolov, N., Tseng, B.L., (eds.) ICWSM. The AAAI Press (2009)Gressel, G., Hrudya, P., Surendran, K., Thara, S., Aravind, A., Prabaharan, P.: Ensemble Learning Approach for Author Profiling-Notebook for PAN at CLEF 2014. In: Cappellato, et al. [9]Grozea, C., Popescu, M.: ENCOPLOT - performance in the Second International Plagiarism Detection Challenge lab report for PAN at CLEF 2010. In: Braschler and Harman [8]Grozea, C., Gehl, C., Popescu, M.: ENCOPLOT: pairwise sequence matching in linear time applied to plagiarism detection. In: Stein et al., (ed.) Overview of the 1st International Competition on Plagiarism Detection, pp. 10–18 (2009)Gunning, R.: The Technique of Clear Writing. McGraw-Hill Int. Book Co, New York (1952)Gupta, P., Barrón-Cedeño, A., Rosso, P.: Cross-language high similarity search using a conceptual thesaurus. In: Catarci, T., Peñas, A., Santucci, G., Forner, P., Hiemstra, D. (eds.) CLEF 2012. LNCS, vol. 7488, pp. 67–75. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)Honore, A.: Some simple measures of richness of vocabulary. Assoc. Lit. Linguist. Comput. Bull. 7(2), 172–177 (1979)IEEE. A Plagiarism FAQ. http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/plagiarism_FAQ.html (2008). Published: 2008; Last Accessed 25 November 2012Koppel, M., Argamon, S., Shimoni, A.R.: Automatically categorizing written texts by author gender. Lit. Linguist. Comput. 17(4), 401–412 (2002)Liau, Y., Vrizlynn, L.: Submission to the author profiling competition at pan-2014. In: Proceedings Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing III (2014). http://www.webis.de/research/events/pan-14Lopez-Monroy, A.P., Montes-Y-Gomez, M., Escalante, H.J., Villaseñor-Pineda, L., Villatoro-Tello, E.: INAOE’s participation at PAN 2013: author profiling task–notebook for PAN at CLEF 2013. In: Forner, et al. [14]Pastor López-Monroy, A., Montes y Gómez, M., Escalante, H.J., Villaseñor-Pineda, L.: Using Intra-profile information for author profiling-notebook for PAN at CLEF 2014. In: Cappellato, et al. [9]Maharjan, S., Shrestha, P., Solorio, T.: A simple approach to author profiling in MapReduce–notebook for PAN at CLEF 2014. In: Cappellato, et al. [9]Marquardt, J., Fanardi, G., Vasudevan, G., Moens, M.F., Davalos, S., Teredesai, A., De Cock, M.: Age and gender identification in social media-notebook for PAN at CLEF 2014. In: Cappellato, et al. [9]Martin, B.: Plagiarism: policy against cheating or policy for learning? Nexus (Newsl. Aust. Sociol. Assoc.) 16(2), 15–16 (2004)Mcnamee, P., Mayfield, J.: Character n-gram tokenization for european language text retrieval. Inf. Retr. 7(1), 73–97 (2004)Meina, M., Brodzinska, K., Celmer, B., Czokow, M., Patera, M., Pezacki, J., Wilk, M.: Ensemble-based classification for author profiling using various features-notebook for PAN at CLEF 2013. In: Forner, et al. [14]Eissen, S.M., Stein, B.: Intrinsic plagiarism detection. In: Tombros, A., Yavlinsky, A., Rüger, S.M., Tsikrika, T., Lalmas, M., MacFarlane, A. (eds.) ECIR 2006. LNCS, vol. 3936, pp. 565–569. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)Montes y Gómez, M., Gelbukh, A.F., López-López, A., Baeza-Yates, R.A.: Flexible comparison of conceptual graphs. In: Proceedings DEXA, pp. 102–111 (2001)Navigli, R., Ponzetto, S.P.: BabelNet: the automatic construction, evaluation and application of a wide-coverage multilingual semantic network. Artif. Intell. 193, 217–250 (2012)Nawab, R.M.A., Stevenson, M., Clough, P.: University of sheffield lab report for pan at clef 2010. In: Braschler and Harman [8]Nguyen, D., Gravel, R., Trieschnigg, D., Meder, T.: “how old do you think i am?”; a study of language and age in twitter. In: Proceedings of the Seventh International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (2013)Oberreuter, G., Eiselt, A.: Submission to the 6th international competition on plagiarism detection, From Innovand.io, Chile (2014). http://www.webis.de/research/events/pan-14Och, F.J., Ney, H.: A systematic comparison of various statistical alignment models. Comput. Linguist. 29(1), 19–51 (2003)Palkovskii, Y., Belov, A.: Developing high-resolution universal multi-type N-Gram plagiarism detector-notebook for PAN at CLEF 2014. In: Cappellato, et al. [9]Pennebaker, J.W., Mehl, M.R., Niederhoffer, K.G.: Psychological aspects of natural language use: our words, our selves. Ann. Rev. Psychol. 54(1), 547–577 (2003)Potthast, M., Stein, B., Barrón-Cedeño, A., Rosso, P.: An evaluation framework for plagiarism detection. In: COLING 2010: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics, pp. 997–1005 (2010)Potthast, M., Stein, B., Anderka, M.: A wikipedia-based multilingual retrieval model. In: Plachouras, V., Macdonald, C., Ounis, I., White, R.W., Ruthven, I. (eds.) ECIR 2008. LNCS, vol. 4956, pp. 522–530. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)Potthast, M., Stein, B., Eiselt, A., Barrón-Cedeño, A., Rosso, P.:. Overview of the 1st international competition on plagiarism detection. In: Stein, B., Rosso, P., Stamatatos, E., Koppel, M., Agirre, E., (eds.) Proceedings of the SEPLN 2009 Workshop on Uncovering Plagiarism, Authorship, and Social Software Misuse (PAN 2009), pp. 1–9, 2009. CEUR-WS.org (September 2009). http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-502Potthast, M., Barrón-Cedeño, A., Eiselt, A., Stein, B., Rosso, P.: Overview of the 2nd International Competition on Plagiarism Detection. In: Braschler and Harman [8]Potthast, M., Barrón-Cedeño, A., Eiselt, A., Stein, B., Rosso, P.: Overview of the 2nd international competition on plagiarism detection. In: Braschler, M., Harman, D., Pianta, E., (eds.) Working Notes Papers of the CLEF 2010 Evaluation Labs (September 2010) 2010. http://www.clef-initiative.eu/publication/working-notesPotthast, M., Barrón-Cedeño, A., Stein, B., Rosso, P.: Cross-language plagiarism detection. Lang. Resour. Eval. 45(1), 45–62 (2011)Potthast, M., Eiselt, A., Barrón-Cedeño, A., Stein, B., Rosso, P.: Overview of the 3rd international competition on plagiarism detection. In: Petras, V., Forner, P., Clough, P., (eds.) Working Notes Papers of the CLEF 2011 Evaluation Labs (September 2011) (2011). http://www.clef-initiative.eu/publication/working-notesPotthast, M., Gollub, T., Hagen, M., Grabegger, J., Kiesel, J., Michel, M., Oberlander, A., Tippmann, M., Barrón-Cedeño, A., Gupta, P., Rosso, P., Stein, B.: Overview of the 4th international competition on plagiarism detection. In: Forner, P., Karlgren, J., Womser-Hacker, C., (eds.) Working Notes Papers of the CLEF 2012 Evaluation Labs (September 2012) (2012). http://www.clef-initiative.eu/publication/working-notesPotthast, M., Hagen, M., Stein, B., Grabegger, J., Michel, M., Tippmann, M., Welsch, C.: Chatnoir: a search engine for the clueweb09 corpus. In: Hersh, B., Callan, J., Maarek, Y., Sanderson, M., (eds.) 35th International ACM Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR 2012), p. 1004 (2012)Potthast, M., Gollub, T., Hagen, M., Tippmann, M., Kiesel, J., Rosso, P., Stamatatos, E., Stein, B.: Overview of the 5th international competition on plagiarism detection. In: Forner, et al. [14]Potthast, M., Hagen, M., Beyer, A., Busse, M., Tippmann, M., Rosso, P., Stein, B.: Overview of the 6th International Competition on Plagiarism Detection. In: Cappellato, et al. [9]Pouliquen, B., Steinberger, R., Ignat, C.: Automatic linking of similar texts across languages. In: Proceedings of Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing III, RANLP 2003, pp. 307–316 (2003)Prakash, A., Saha, S.: Experiments on document chunking and query formation for plagiarism source retrieval-notebook for PAN at CLEF 2014. In: Cappellato, et al. [9]Rangel, F., Rosso, P., Koppel, M., Stamatatos, E., Inches, G.: Overview of the author profiling task at PAN 2013–notebook for PAN at CLEF 2013. In: Forner, et al. [14]Rangel, F., Rosso, P., Chugur, I., Potthast, M., Trenkman, M., Stein, B., Verhoeven, B., Daelemans, W.: Overview of the 2nd author profiling task at PAN 2014–notebook for PAN at CLEF 2014. In: Cappellato, et al. [9]Sanchez-Perez, M., Sidorov, G., Gelbukh, A.: A winning approach to text alignment for text reuse detection at PAN 2014-notebook for PAN at CLEF 2014. In: Cappellato, et al. [9]Schler, J., Koppel, M., Argamon, S., Pennebaker, J.W.: Effects of age and gender on blogging. In: AAAI Spring Symposium: Computational Approaches to Analyzing Weblogs, pp. 199–205. AAAI (2006)Stamatatos, E.: Intrinsic plagiarism detection using character n-gram profiles. In: Stein, B., Rosso, P., Stamatatos, E., Koppel, M., Agirre, E., (eds.) Proceedings of the SEPLN09 Workshop on Uncovering Plagiarism, Authorship, and Social Software Misuse (PAN 2009), pp. 38–46, 2009. CEUR-WS.org, September 2009. http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-502Stein, B., Meyer zu Eissen, S., Potthast, M.: Strategies for retrieving plagiarized documents. In: Clarke, C., Fuhr, N., Kando, N., Kraaij, W., de Vries, A., (eds.) 30th International ACM Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR 2007), pp. 825–826. ACM (2007)Stein, B., Potthast, M., Rosso, P., Barrón-Cedeño, A., Stamatatos, E., Koppel, M.: Fourth international workshop on uncovering plagiarism, authorship, and social software misuse. ACM SIGIR Forum 45, 45–48 (2011)Steinberger, R., Pouliquen, B., Widiger, A., Ignat, C., Erjavec, T., Tufis, D., Varga, D.: The jrc-acquis: a multilingual aligned parallel corpus with +20 languages. In: Proceedings of 5th International Conference on language resources and evaluation LREC 2006 (2006)Suchomel, S., Brandejs, M.: Heterogeneous queries for synoptic and phrasal search-notebook for PAN at CLEF 2014. In: Cappellato, et al. [9]Villena-Román, J., González-Cristóbal, J.C.: DAEDALUS at PAN 2014: Guessing Tweet Author’s Gender and Age-Notebook for PAN at CLEF 2014. In: Cappellato, et al. [9]Vossen, P.: Eurowordnet: a multilingual database of autonomous and language-specific wordnets connected via an inter-lingual index. Int. J. Lexicography 17, 161–173 (2004)Wang, H., Lu, Y., Zhai, C.: Latent aspect rating analysis on review text data: a rating regression approach. In: Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp. 783–792 (2010)Weren, E.R.D., Moreira, V.P., de Oliveira, J.P.M.:. Exploring information retrieval features for author profiling-notebook for PAN at CLEF 2014. In: Cappellato, et al. [9]Williams, K., Chen, H.H., Giles, C.: Supervised ranking for plagiarism source retrieval-notebook for PAN at CLEF 2014. In: Cappellato, et al. [9]Yule, G.: The Statistical Study of Literary Vocabulary. Cambridge University press, Cambridge (1944)Zubarev, D., Sochenkov, I.: Using sentence similarity measure for plagiarism source retrieval-notebook for PAN at CLEF 2014. In: Cappellato, L., et al. [9
Lexical bundles in scientific English: A corpus-based study of native and non-native writing
No full text[eng] The present dissertation is a corpus-based investigation of the frequency, structure and functions of lexical bundles in published scientific writing in English, whose main objective is the creation of an inventory of the most frequent and pedagogically useful lexical bundles in scientific prose, one that can be utilized in a variety of teaching applications.
In this study, three- to six-word lexical bundles were extracted from a 1.3 million word sample from the Health Science Corpus, a collection of published articles in biology and biochemistry. This initial list was filtered and enhanced through the application of the Mutual Information (MI) statistic and of a set of exclusion criteria established to satisfy the pedagogical objectives of the study. Following the SciE-Lex investigation (Verdaguer et al., 2009) the remaining lexical bundles were grouped together using like keywords. The present study additionally used the concept of prototypical bundle, which is based on Sinclair’s (2004) notion of canonical units of meaning, to tackle the semantic and structural connections between similar bundles. The structural and functional characteristics of the lexical bundles were explored through careful concordance analysis, which made it possible to categorize the bundles using modified versions of Biber et al.’s (1999) structural framework and Hyland’s (2008a) functional taxonomy.
These quantitative and qualitative analyses reveal how native expert writers employ recurrent word strings in the construction of a coherent, well-structured and convincing scientific text that conforms with the conventions of the genre. They bring to light the different functions that lexical bundles perform in scientific discourse, and how these functions enable writers to address their research concerns, achieve their communication goals and elicit the desired reaction from their target audience. They also show the typical structural realizations of these bundle functions, as well as important aspects of usage that non-native writers need to be aware of to be able to incorporate these expressions in their own writing.
The study also compares the results obtained from the corpus of published scientific articles to the lexical bundles found in a smaller corpus of biomedical research articles written by native Spanish-speaking scientists, who are all non-native users of English. In accordance with the methodology proposed by Cortes (2004), the lexical bundles identified in the HSC were treated as target bundles and subsequently searched for and analyzed in the corpus of non-native writing. This comparison uncovered non-native writers’ overuse of certain bundles, a tendency that results in unnecessary repetitiveness and lack of variation, as well as their restricted use of participant- oriented bundles, which points to their limited awareness of the usage and importance of this particular function.
The dissertation also discusses the pedagogical implications of its final product, a practical list of lexical bundles in scientific English for use in teaching applications, and how it addresses the six major challenges that hinder the successful introduction of lexical bundles in EAP classrooms and teaching materials, as identified by Byrd and Coxhead (2010).[spa] La presente tesis es una investigación de la frecuencia, la estructura y las funciones de los “lexical bundle” en artículos científicos escritos en inglés, con la finalidad de crear un inventario de los “lexical bundle” más frecuentes y pedagógicamente rentables en la prosa científica, una lista que se puede utilizar en varias aplicaciones didácticas.
La investigación empezó con la identificación de combinaciones léxicas de tres a seis palabras en una muestra del “Health Science Corpus” que contiene 1,3 millones de palabras. Después, se filtró la lista inicial con la aplicación de la estadística de la información mutua y de un conjunto de criterios de exclusión. Se organizó la lista a través de la agrupación de los “lexical bundle” mediante las palabras clave que tenían en común y la utilización del concepto de “prototypical bundle” o combinación prototípica (Sinclair, 2004), que permitió tratar las conexiones semánticas y estructurales entre los “lexical bundle” similares. Finalmente, se investigaron las características estructurales y funcionales de las combinaciones léxicas a través del análisis de listas de concordancia, lo que hizo posible clasificar los “lexical bundle” según versiones modificadas del marco estructural de Biber et al. (1999) y la taxonomía funcional de Hyland (2008).
Los análisis cuantitativos y cualitativos revelan cómo los científicos nativos y con largas trayectorias de publicación científica, emplean combinaciones léxicas en la construcción de un texto científico coherente, bien estructurado y convincente que se ajusta a las convenciones del género. Ponen de relieve las distintas funciones que realizan las combinaciones léxicas en el discurso científico y muestran las típicas realizaciones estructurales de estas funciones.
El estudio también compara los resultados obtenidos del “Health Science Corpus” a un corpus más pequeño de artículos de investigación biomédica escritos por científicos de habla española, que son todos usuarios no nativos de inglés. Esta comparación resaltó las diferencias entre los autores nativos y los no nativos, y permitió averiguar las dificultades que los científicos no nativos pueden tener en el uso de combinaciones léxicas, y cómo estas dificultades pueden abordarse en el aula de idiomas, así como en los materiales didácticos
Two new Phytophthora species from South African Eucalyptus plantations
No full textA recent study to determine the cause of collar and root rot disease outbreaks of cold tolerant Eucalyptus species in South Africa resulted in the isolation of two putative new Phytophthora species. Based on phylogenetic comparisons using the ITS and β-tubulin gene regions, these species were shown to be distinct from known species. These differences were also supported by robust morphological characteristics. The names, Phytophthora frigida sp. nov. and Phytophthora alticola sp. nov. are thus provided for these taxa, which are phylogenetically closely related to species within the ITS clade 2 (P. citricola, P. tropicali and P.multivesiculata) and 4 (P. arecae and P. megakarya), respectively. Phytophthora frigida is heterothallic, and produces stellate to rosaceous growth patterns on growth medium, corraloid hyphae, sporangia with a variety of distorted shapes and has the ability to grow at low temperatures. Phytophthora alticola is homothallic and has a slower growth rate in culture. Both P. frigida and P. alticola are pathogenic to Eucalyptus dunnii. In pathogenicity tests, they were, however, less pathogenic than P. cinnamomi, which is a well-known pathogen of Eucalyptus in South Africa
Proposal of Ectocarpus siliculosus (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae) as a model organism for brown algal genetics and genomics.
No full textIndemnización plena de perjuicios en el transporte terrestre gratuito de personas
No full textEste trabajo se encuentra orientado a determinar ¿Cuáles son los parámetros a tener en cuenta para la liquidación plena de perjuicios en los procesos de responsabilidad civil extracontractual por transporte gratuito de personas a la luz del principio pro damnato y si estos pueden ser aplicados en la misma forma en que se ha hecho en los procesos de responsabilidad del Estado?, siendo sus objetivos específicos analizar la regulación del transporte terrestre gratuito de personas y la aplicación del principio pro damnato en la responsabilidad proveniente de dicho transporte en Colombia, y, establecer el régimen de responsabilidad y la indemnización de perjuicios aplicada por los órganos de cierre de las jurisdicciones ordinaria civil y contencioso administrativa frente al transporte terrestre gratuito de personas en Colombia.
En consecuencia, la investigación analiza aspectos como el régimen legal aplicable al transporte benévolo en Colombia, los principios aplicables a la reparación de perjuicios, los regímenes de responsabilidad existentes, y, las posturas del Consejo de Estado y la Corte Suprema de Justicia frente a la indemnización de perjuicios en casos de responsabilidad por transporte benévolo de pasajeros.
Con sustento en este análisis, se indicará que como se ha hecho en la responsabilidad del Estado al efectuar la liquidación de perjuicios causados con el transporte benévolo de pasajeros, también resulta viable aplicar la indemnización plena de perjuicios en atención a los principios de reparación integral, justicia, equidad y al poco conocido principio pro damnato.This work is aimed at determining what are the parameters to take into account for the full settlement of damages in tort processes for free transportation of people in light of the principle of pro damage and if these can be applied in the same How has it been done in State responsibility processes? Its specific objectives being to analyze the regulation of free land transport of people and the application of the principle of damage to liability arising from said transport in Colombia, and to establish the regime liability and compensation for damages applied by the closing bodies of ordinary civil and contentious-administrative jurisdictions against the free ground transportation of people in Colombia.
Consequently, the investigation analyzes aspects such as the legal regime applicable to benevolent transport in Colombia, the principles applicable to the reparation of damages, the existing liability regimes, and the positions of the Council of State and the Supreme Court of Justice against the compensation for damages in cases of liability for benevolent passenger transport.
Based on this analysis, it will be indicated that as it has been done in the responsibility of the State when carrying out the liquidation of damages caused by the benevolent transport of passengers, it is also feasible to apply full compensation for damages in accordance with the principles of comprehensive reparation, justice, equity and the little-known pro damnato principle.Magister en Derecho PrivadoMaestrí
The Role Of Sucrose In Cariogenic Dental Biofilm Formation - New Insight
No full textDental caries is a biofilm-dependent oral disease, and fermentable dietary carbohydrates are the key environmental factors involved in its initiation and development. However, among the carbohydrates, sucrose is considered the most cariogenic, because, in addition to being fermented by oral bacteria, it is a substrate for the synthesis of extracellular (EPS) and intracellular (IPS) polysaccharides. Therefore, while the low pH environment triggers the shift of the resident plaque microflora to a more cariogenic one, EPS promote changes in the composition of the biofilms' matrix. Furthermore, it has recently been shown that the biofilm formed in the presence of sucrose presents low concentrations of Ca, P i, and F, which are critical ions involved in de- and remineralization of enamel and dentin in the oral environment. Thus, the aim of this review is to explore the broad role of sucrose in the cariogenicity of biofilms, and to present a new insight into its influence on the pathogenesis of dental caries.8510878887Aires, C.P., Tabchoury, C.P., Del Bel Cury, A.A., Koo, H., Cury, J.A., Effect of sucrose concentration on dental biofilm formed in situ and on enamel demineralization (2006) Caries Res, 40, pp. 28-32Ashley, F.P., Wilson, R.F., Dental plaque and caries: A 3-year longitudinal study in children (1977) Br Dent J, 142, pp. 85-91Bennick, A., Structural and genetic aspects of proline-rich proteins (1987) J Dent Res, 66, pp. 457-461Birkhed, D., Frostell, G., Lamm, C.J., Cariogenicity of glucose, sucrose and amylopectin in rats and hamsters infected and noninfected with Streptococcus mutans (1980) Caries Res, 14, pp. 441-447Bowen, W.H., Do we need to be concerned about dental caries in the coming millennium? (2002) Crit Rev Oral Biol Med, 13, pp. 126-131Bowen, W.H., Eastoe, J.E., Cock, D.J., The effect of sugar solutions on the pH of plaque in caries-active monkeys (Macaca irus) (1966) Arch Oral Biol, 11, pp. 833-838Bowen, W.H., Amsbaugh, S.M., Monell-Torrens, S., Brunelle, J., Kuzmiak-Jones, H., Cole, M.F., A method to assess cariogenic potential of foodstuffs (1980) J Am Dent Assoc, 100, pp. 677-681Bradshaw, D.J., Marsh, P.D., Analysis of pH-driven disruption of oral microbial communities in vitro (1998) Caries Res, 32, pp. 456-462Bradshaw, D.J., McKee, A.S., Marsh, P.D., Effects of carbohydrate pulses and pH on population shifts within oral microbial communities in vitro (1989) J Dent Res, 68, pp. 1298-1302Burne, R.A., Oral streptococci...products of their environment (1998) J Dent Res, 77, pp. 445-452Carlsson, J., Egelberg, J., Effect of diet on early plaque formation in man (1965) Odontol Revy, 16, pp. 112-125Carlsson, J., Sundström, B., Variations in composition of early dental plaque following ingestion of sucrose and glucose (1968) Odontol Revy, 19, pp. 161-169Cury, J.A., Rebello, M.A., Del Bel Cury, A.A., In situ relationship between sucrose exposure and the composition of dental plaque (1997) Caries Res, 31, pp. 356-360Cury, J.A., Rebelo, M.A., Del Bel Cury, A.A., Derbyshire, M.T., Tabchoury, C.P., Biochemical composition and cariogenicity of dental plaque formed in the presence of sucrose or glucose and fructose (2000) Caries Res, 34, pp. 491-497Cury, J.A., Francisco, S.B., Del Bel Cury, A.A., Tabchoury, C.P., In situ study of sucrose exposure, mutans streptococci in dental plaque and dental caries (2001) Braz Dent J, 12, pp. 101-104Cury, J.A., Marques, A.S., Tabchoury, C.P., Del Bel Cury, A.A., Composition of dental plaque formed in the presence of sucrose and after its interruption (2003) Braz Dent J, 14, pp. 147-152Dennis, D.A., Gawronski, T.H., Sudo, S.Z., Harris, R.S., Folke, L.E., Variations in microbial and biochemical components of four-day plaque during a four-week controlled diet period (1975) J Dent Res, 54, pp. 716-722De Stoppelaar, J.D., Van Houte, J., Backer Dirks, O., The effect of carbohydrate restriction on the presence of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and iodophilic polysaccharide-producing bacteria in human dental plaque (1970) Caries Res, 4, pp. 114-123Dibdin, G.H., Shellis, R.P., Physical and biochemical studies of Streptococcus mutans sediments suggest new factors linking the cariogenicity of plaque with its extracellular polysaccharide content (1988) J Dent Res, 67, pp. 890-895DiPaola, C., Herrera, M.S., Mandel, I.D., Immunochemical study of host proteins in human supragingival compared with denture plaque (1984) Arch Oral Biol, 29, pp. 161-163Downer, M.C., Caries experience and sucrose availability: An analysis of the relationship in the United Kingdom over fifty years (1999) Community Dent Health, 16, pp. 18-21Duggal, M.S., Toumba, K.J., Amaechi, B.T., Kowash, M.B., Higham, S.M., Enamel demineralization in situ with various frequencies of carbohydrate consumption with and without fluoride toothpaste (2001) J Dent Res, 80, pp. 1721-1724Edwardsson, S., Krasse, B., Human streptococci and caries in hamsters fed diets with sucrose or glucose (1967) Arch Oral Biol, 12, pp. 1015-1016Frostell, G., Keyes, P.H., Larson, R.H., Effect of various sugar and sugar substitutes on dental caries in hamsters and rats (1967) J Nutr, 93, pp. 65-76Gao, X.J., Fan, Y., Kent Jr., R.L., Van Houte, J., Margolis, H.C., Association of caries activity with the composition of dental plaque fluid (2001) J Dent Res, 80, pp. 1834-1839Gawronski, T.H., Staat, R.A., Zaki, H.A., Harris, R.S., Folke, L.E., Effects of dietary sucrose levels on extracellular polysaccharide metabolism of human dental plaque (1975) J Dent Res, 54, pp. 881-890Ghafouri, B., Tagesson, C., Lindahl, M., Mapping of proteins in human saliva using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting (2003) Proteomics, 3, pp. 1003-1015Gibbons, R.J., Socransky, S.S., Intracellular polysaccharide storage by organisms in dental plaques. Its relation to dental caries and microbial ecology of the oral cavity (1962) Arch Oral Biol, 7, pp. 73-80Hamada, S., Slade, H.D., Biology, immunology, and cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans (1980) Microbiol Rev, 44, pp. 331-384Hamilton, I.R., Intracellular polysaccharide synthesis by cariogenic microorganisms (1976) Microbial Aspects of Dental Caries, pp. 680-701. , Stiles HM, Loesche WJ, O'Brien TC, editors. Washington, DC: Information RetrievalHarris, G.S., Michalek, S.M., Curtiss III, R., Cloning of a locus involved in Streptococcus mutans intracellular polysaccharide accumulation and virulence testing of an intracellular polysaccharide-deficient mutant (1992) Infect Immun, 60, pp. 3175-3185Hata, S., Mayanagi, H., Acid diffusion through extracellular polysaccharides produced by various mutants of Streptococcus mutans (2003) Arch Oral Biol, 48, pp. 431-438Hayacibara, M.F., Koo, H., Vacca-Smith, A.M., Kopec, L.K., Scott-Anne, K., Cury, J.A., The influence of mutanase and dextranase on the production and structure of glucans synthesized by streptococcal glucosyltransferases (2004) Carbohydr Res, 339, pp. 2127-2137Hefti, A., Schmid, R., Effect on caries incidence in rats of increasing dietary sucrose levels (1979) Caries Res, 13, pp. 298-300Horton, W.A., Jacob, E.A., Green, R.M., Hillier, V.F., Drucker, D.B., The cariogenicity of sucrose, glucose and maize starch in gnotobiotic rats mono-infected with strains of the bacteria Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus milleri (1985) Arch Oral Biol, 30, pp. 777-780Huang, C.M., Comparative proteomic analysis of human whole saliva (2004) Arch Oral Biol, 49, pp. 951-962Johnson, M.C., Bozzola, J.J., Shechmeister, I.L., Shklair, I.L., Biochemical study of the relationship of extracellular glucan to adherence and cariogenicity in Streptococcus mutans and an extracellular polysaccharide mutant (1977) J Bacteriol, 129, pp. 351-357Kojima, T., Andersen, E., Sanchez, J.C., Wilkins, M.R., Hochstrasser, D.F., Pralong, W.F., Human gingival crevicular fluid contains MRP8 (S100A8) and MRP14 (S100A9), two calcium-binding proteins of the S100 family (2000) J Dent Res, 79, pp. 740-747König, K.G., Schmid, P., Schmid, R., An apparatus for frequency-controlled feeding of small rodents and its use in dental caries experiments (1968) Arch Oral Biol, 13, pp. 13-26Koo, H., Hayacibara, M.F., Schobel, B.D., Cury, J.A., Rosalen, P.L., Park, Y.K., Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilm accumulation and polysaccharide production by apigenin and tt-farnesol (2003) J Antimicrob Chemother, 52, pp. 782-789Koo, H., Schobel, B., Scott-Anne, K., Watson, G., Bowen, W.H., Cury, J.A., Apigenin and tt-farnesol with fluoride effects on S. mutans biofilms and dental caries (2005) J Dent Res, 84, pp. 1016-1020Kopec, L.K., Vacca-Smith, A.M., Bowen, W.H., Structural aspects of glucans formed in solution and on the surface of hydroxyapatite (1997) Glycobiology, 7, pp. 929-934Krasse, B., The effect of caries-inducing streptococci in hamsters fed diets with sucrose or glucose (1965) Arch Oral Biol, 10, pp. 223-226Larsen, M.J., Chemical events during tooth dissolution (1990) J Dent Res, 69 (SPEC. ISS.), pp. 575-580Lingström, P., Birkhed, D., Ruben, J., Arends, J., Effect of frequent consumption of starchy food items on enamel and dentin demineralization and on plaque pH in situ (1994) J Dent Res, 73, pp. 652-660Loesche, W.J., Chemotherapy of dental plaque infections (1976) Oral Sci Rev, 9, pp. 65-107Loesche, W.J., Henry, C.A., Intracellular microbial polysaccharide production and dental caries in a Guatemalan Indian village (1967) Arch Oral Biol, 12, pp. 189-194Margolis, H.C., Moreno, E.C., Composition of pooled plaque fluid from caries-free and caries-positive individuals following sucrose exposure (1992) J Dent Res, 71, pp. 1776-1784Margolis, H.C., Duckworth, J.H., Moreno, E.C., Composition of pooled resting plaque fluid from caries-free and caries-susceptible individuals (1988) J Dent Res, 67, pp. 1468-1475Marsh, P.D., Sugar, fluoride, pH and microbial homeostasis in dental plaque (1991) Proc Finn Dent Soc, 87, pp. 515-525Marsh, P.D., Microbial ecology of dental plaque and its significance in health and disease (1994) Adv Dent Res, 8, pp. 263-271Marsh, P.D., Are dental diseases examples of ecological catastrophes? (2003) Microbiology, 149 (PART 2), pp. 279-294Mattos-Graner, R.O., Zelante, F., Line, R.C., Mayer, M.P., Association between caries prevalence and clinical, microbiological and dietary variables in 1.0 to 2.5-year-old Brazilian children (1998) Caries Res, 32, pp. 319-323Mattos-Graner, R.O., Smith, D.J., King, W.F., Mayer, M.P., Water-insoluble glucan synthesis by mutans streptococcal strains correlates with caries incidence in 12- to 30-month-old children (2000) J Dent Res, 79, pp. 1371-1377Minah, G.E., Lovekin, G.B., Finney, J.P., Sucrose-induced ecological response of experimental dental plaques from caries-free and caries-susceptible human volunteers (1981) Infect Immun, 34, pp. 662-675Moreno, E.C., Varughese, K., Hay, D.I., Effect of human salivary proteins on the precipitation kinetics of calcium phosphate (1979) Calcif Tissue Int, 28, pp. 7-16Newbrun, E., Sucrose, the arch criminal of dental caries (1967) Odontol Revy, 18, pp. 373-386Nobre Dos Santos, M., Melo Dos Santos, L., Francisco, S.B., Cury, J.A., Relationship among dental plaque composition, daily sugar exposure and caries in the primary dentition (2002) Caries Res, 36, pp. 347-352Paes Leme, A.F., Dalcico, R., Tabchoury, C.P., Del Bel Cury, A.A., Rosalen, P.L., Cury, J.A., In situ effect of frequent sucrose exposure on enamel demineralization and on plaque composition after APF application and F dentifrice use (2004) J Dent Res, 83, pp. 71-75Pearce, E., Plaque minerals and dental caries (1998) NZ Dent J, 94, pp. 12-15Pearce, E.I., Sissons, C.H., Coleman, M., Wang, X., Anderson, S.A., Wong, L., The effect of sucrose application frequency and basal nutrient conditions on the calcium and phosphate content of experimental dental plaque (2002) Caries Res, 36, pp. 87-92Pecharki, G.D., Cury, J.A., Paes Leme, A.F., Tabchoury, C.P., Del Bel Cury, A.A., Rosalen, P.L., Effect of sucrose containing iron (II) on dental biofilm and enamel demineralization in situ (2005) Caries Res, 39, pp. 123-129Perinpanayagam, H.E., VanWuyckhuyse, B.C., Ji, Z.S., Tabak, L.A., Characterization of low-molecular-weight peptides in human parotid saliva (1995) J Dent Res, 74, pp. 345-350Quivey Jr., R.G., Kuhnert, W.L., Hahn, K., Adaptation of oral streptococci to low pH [review] (2000) Adv Microb Physiol, 42, pp. 239-274Ribeiro, C.C., Tabchoury, C.P., Del Bel Cury, A.A., Tenuta, L.M., Rosalen, P.L., Cury, J.A., Effect of starch on the cariogenic potential of sucrose (2005) Br J Nutr, 94, pp. 44-50Rölla, G., Why is sucrose so cariogenic? The role of glucosyltransferase and polysaccharides (1989) Scand J Dent Res, 97, pp. 115-119Rose, R.K., Effects of an anticariogenic casein phosphopeptide on calcium diffusion in streptococcal model dental plaques (2000) Arch Oral Biol, 45, pp. 569-575Rose, R.K., Shellis, R.P., Lee, A.R., The role of cation bridging in microbial fluoride binding (1996) Caries Res, 30, pp. 458-464Rose, R.K., Matthews, S.P., Hall, R.C., Investigation of calcium-binding sites on the surfaces of selected Gram-positive oral organisms (1997) Arch Oral Biol, 42, pp. 595-599Rose, R.K., Turner, S.J., Dibdin, G.H., Effect of pH and calcium concentration on calcium diffusion in streptococcal model-plaque biofilms (1997) Arch Oral Biol, 42, pp. 795-800Schilling, K.M., Bowen, W.H., Glucans synthesized in situ in experimental salivary pellicle function as specific binding sites for Streptococcus mutans (1992) Infect Immun, 60, pp. 284-295Schüpbach, P., Oppenheim, F.G., Lendenmann, U., Lamkin, M.S., Yao, Y., Guggenheim, B., Electron-microscopic demonstration of proline-rich proteins, statherin, and histatins in acquired enamel pellicles in vitro (2001) Eur J Oral Sci, 109, pp. 60-68Shen, P., Cai, F., Nowicki, A., Vincent, J., Reynolds, E.C., Remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions by sugar-free chewing gum containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (2001) J Dent Res, 80, pp. 2066-2070Spatafora, G., Rohrer, K., Barnard, D., Michalek, S., A Streptococcus mutans mutant that synthesizes elevated levels of intracellular polysaccharide is hypercariogenic in vivo (1995) Infect Immun, 63, pp. 2556-2563Staat, R.H., Gawronski, T.H., Cressey, D.E., Harris, R.S., Folke, L.E., Effects of dietary sucrose levels on the quantity and microbial composition of human dental plaque (1975) J Dent Res, 54, pp. 872-880Stephan, R.M., Intra-oral hydrogen-ion concentrations associated with dental caries activity (1944) J Dent Res, 23, pp. 257-266Tanzer, J.M., Freedman, M.L., Woodiel, F.N., Eifert, R.L., Rinehimer, L.A., Association of Streptococcus mutans virulence with synthesis of intracellular polysaccharide (1976) Microbial Aspects of Dental Caries, pp. 597-616. , Stiles HM, Loesche WJ, O'Brien TC, editors. Washington, DC: Information RetrievalTenuta, L.M.A., Del Bel Cury, A.A., Bortolin, M.C., Vogel, G.L., Cury, J.A., Ca, P i, and F in the fluid of biofilm formed under sucrose (2006) J Dent Res, 85, pp. 834-838Theilade, E., The non-specific theory in microbial etiology of inflammatory periodontal diseases (1986) J Clin Periodontol, 13, pp. 905-911Theilade, E., The experimental gingivitis studies: The microbiological perspective (1996) J Dent Res, 75, pp. 1434-1438Vacca-Smith, A.M., Venkitaraman, A.R., Quivey Jr., R.G., Bowen, W.H., Interactions of streptococcal glucosyltransferases with alpha-amylase and starch on the surface of saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (1996) Arch Oral Biol, 41, pp. 291-298Van Houte, J., Winkler, K.C., Jansen, H.M., Iodophilic polysaccharide synthesis, acid production and growth in oral streptococci (1969) Arch Oral Biol, 14, pp. 45-61Van Houte, J., Russo, J., Prostak, K.S., Increased pH-lowering ability of Streptococcus mutans cell masses associated with extracellular glucanrich matrix material and the mechanisms involved (1989) J Dent Res, 68, pp. 451-459Yamashita, Y., Bowen, W.H., Burne, R.A., Kuramitsu, H.K., Role of the Streptococcus mutans gtf genes in caries induction in the specific-pathogen-free rat model (1993) Infect Immun, 61, pp. 3811-3817Yao, Y., Berg, E.A., Costello, C.E., Troxler, R.F., Oppenheim, F.G., Identification of protein components in human acquired enamel pellicle and whole saliva using novel proteomics approaches (2003) J Biol Chem, 278, pp. 5300-5308Zero, D.T., Adaptations in dental plaque (1993) Cariology for the Nineties, pp. 333-350. , Bowen WH, Tabak LA, editors. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester PressZero, D.T., Sugars - The arch criminal? (2004) Caries Res, 38, pp. 277-285Zero, D.T., Van Houte, J., Russo, J., Enamel demineralization by acid produced from endogenous substrate in oral streptococci (1986) Arch Oral Biol, 31, pp. 229-234Zero, D.T., Van Houte, J., Russo, J., The intra-oral effect on enamel demineralization of extracellular matrix material synthesized from sucrose by Streptococcus mutans (1986) J Dent Res, 65, pp. 918-923Zero, D.T., Fu, J., Anne, K.M., Cassata, S., McCormack, S.M., Gwinner, L.M., An improved intra-oral enamel demineralization test model for the study of dental caries (1992) J Dent Res, 71 (SPEC. ISS.), pp. 871-87
Assessment of Antibiotic Kamoran Against Acid Lactic Bacteria Contaminants in Ethanol Production From a Distillery Located in Valle del Cauca
No full textDigitalLas bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL) son consideradas contaminantes primarios en el proceso de fermentación de las destilerías, debido a su habilidad para tolerar altas temperaturas, bajos niveles de pH y su rápido crecimiento. Aunque su presencia en el proceso no supone una amenaza significativa para la calidad del producto final, sí afecta la eficiencia del proceso. Esto se debe a su capacidad para reducir el crecimiento, la viabilidad y la capacidad de fermentación de la levadura, por la generación de ácidos orgánicos. Para contrarrestar esta contaminación y controlar el crecimiento de las BAL en las destilerías, se emplean distintos tipos de antibióticos, como la penicilina, la virginiamicina, la estreptomicina, la monensina, entre otros. Es en este sentido, que el objetivó principal del trabajo fue aislar las BAL presentes en el proceso de fermentativo de la Destilería. Una vez se logró esto, se procedió a su identificación bioquímica y posterior se evaluaron solo las dos bacterias con mayor frecuencia de aparición en el proceso frente al antibiótico Kamoran, utilizando distintas dosificaciones y tiempo de exposición. Los resultados mostraron que, para la bacteria Lactobacillus paracasei, la dosificación más efectiva para controlar tanto la producción de ácido láctico como las unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC) fue a 7 ppm, durante un tiempo de 40 horas. Por otro lado, con la bacteria Lactobacillus pentosus, se observó que la mayor reducción de las UFC se alcanzó a las 16 horas; sin embargo, después de este periodo, las UFC aumentaron nuevamente. A pesar de ello, la dosificación de 7 ppm del antibiótico mostró un mejor control en la producción de ácido láctico. Por tanto, se sugiere realizar ensayos posteriores y considerar la adición nuevamente del antibiótico entre las horas 16 y 24 para esta bacteriaLactic acid bacteria (LAB) are considered primary contaminants in distillery fermentation processes due to their ability to tolerate high temperatures, low pH levels, and their rapid growth. Although their presence in the process does not pose a significant threat to the final product's quality, it does affect process efficiency. This is due to their capacity to reduce yeast growth, viability, and fermentation capability by generating organic acids. To counter this contamination and control LAB growth in distilleries, various types of antibiotics are used, such as penicillin, virginiamycin, streptomycin, monensin, among others. In this context, the main objective of the study was to isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present in the distillery's fermentation process. Upon successful isolation, a biochemical identification was carried out, followed by an evaluation of the two most frequently occurring bacteria in the process against the antibiotic Kamoran. This assessment involved varied dosages and exposure times. The results revealed that, for Lactobacillus paracasei, the most effective dosage to control both the production of lactic acid and colony-forming units (CFU) was at 7 ppm over a 40-hour period. In contrast, with Lactobacillus pentosus, the greatest reduction in CFU occurred at 16 hours. However, after this time, CFU increased again. Nonetheless, the 7 ppm dosage of the antibiotic displayed better control over lactic acid production. Thus, further trials are recommended, and a re-administration of the antibiotic between the 16th and 24th hours for this bacteria should be considered.Introducción 20
Planteamiento del Problema 23
Pregunta de Investigación 26
Justificación 27
Hipótesis 29
Hipótesis Nula 29
Hipótesis Alterna 29
Marco Teórico 30
Biocombustibles 30
Biocombustibles en Colombia 31
Etanol 33
Características del Etanol Desnaturalizado 35
Etapas de la Producción de Etanol 36
Generalidades de las BAL 39
Características Fermentativas de las BAL 40
BAL Como Contaminantes en la Producción de Etanol 42
Ácido Láctico 44
Características Fisicoquímicas del Ácido Láctico 46
Producción del Ácido Láctico 46
Producción por Síntesis Química. 47
Producción por Síntesis Biológica. 48
Kamoran 50
Ingrediente Activo del Kamoran 51
Mecanismo de Acción del Kamoran 51
Estado del Arte 53
Objetivos 56
Objetivo General 56
Objetivos Específicos 56
Metodología 57
Diseño del Estudio 57
Etapas Experimentales del Proyecto 57
Etapa 1: Aislamiento de las Bacterias Ácido Lácticas 57
Recolección de la Muestra 57
Aislamiento de las Bacterias Ácido Lácticas 57
Conservación de las Bacterias Ácido Lácticas 57
Etapa 2: Caracterización Bioquímica de las Bacterias Ácido Lácticas 58
Preparación del Inóculo 58
Inoculación de las Galerías. 58
Etapa 3: Evaluación de las Bacterias Ácido Lácticas Frente al Kamoran 59
Preparación del pre Inóculo 59
Preparación del Inóculo 59
Evaluación de las Bacterias Aisladas Frente al Kamoran. 59
Resultados y Discusión 61
Resultado 1: Aislamiento de las Bacterias Ácido Lácticas Presentes en el Mosto con Mayor Frecuencia de Aparición 61
Resultado 2: Caracterización Bioquímica de las BAL Aisladas 64
Resultado 3: Evaluación de las BAL Identificadas Frente al Antibiótico Kamoran 66
Conclusiones 78
Recomendaciones 79
Referencias Bibliográficas 80
Apéndices 91PregradoMicrobiólogo Industria
ANIA:ANnotation and Integrated Analysis of the 14-3-3 interactome
No full textThe dimeric 14-3-3 proteins dock onto pairs of phosphorylated Ser and Thr residues on hundreds of proteins, and thereby regulate many events in mammalian cells. To facilitate global analyses of these interactions, we developed a web resource named ANIA: ANnotation and Integrated Analysis of the 14-3-3 interactome, which integrates multiple data sets on 14-3-3-binding phosphoproteins. ANIA also pinpoints candidate 14-3-3-binding phosphosites using predictor algorithms, assisted by our recent discovery that the human 14-3-3-interactome is highly enriched in 2R-ohnologues. 2R-ohnologues are proteins in families of two to four, generated by two rounds of whole genome duplication at the origin of the vertebrate animals. ANIA identifies candidate 'lynchpins', which are 14-3-3-binding phosphosites that are conserved across members of a given 2R-ohnologue protein family. Other features of ANIA include a link to the catalogue of somatic mutations in cancer database to find cancer polymorphisms that map to 14-3-3-binding phosphosites, which would be expected to interfere with 14-3-3 interactions. We used ANIA to map known and candidate 14-3-3-binding enzymes within the 2R-ohnologue complement of the human kinome. Our projections indicate that 14-3-3s dock onto many more human kinases than has been realized. Guided by ANIA, PAK4, 6 and 7 (p21-activated kinases 4, 6 and 7) were experimentally validated as a 2R-ohnologue family of 14-3-3-binding phosphoproteins. PAK4 binding to 14-3-3 is stimulated by phorbol ester, and involves the 'lynchpin' site phosphoSer99 and a major contribution from Ser181. In contrast, PAK6 and PAK7 display strong phorbol ester-independent binding to 14-3-3, with Ser113 critical for the interaction with PAK6. These data point to differential 14-3-3 regulation of PAKs in control of cell morphology. Database URL: https://ania-1433.lifesci.dundee.ac.uk/prediction/webserver/index.py
