447 research outputs found
Retradução comentada de Corinne ou l'Italie de Mme de Staël
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, Florianópolis, 2014.Esta tese, vinculada à linha da "Teoria, crítica e história da tradução" objetiva a retradução comentada de Corinne ou l'Italie (1807) de Madame de Staël. No primeiro capítulo, descrevem-se a vida e as obras da autora, com ênfase para Corinne ou l'Italie, que foi traduzida e retraduzida em outras línguas, principalmente o inglês, italiano e alemão. Em seguida, no capítulo 2, apresenta-se a primeira tradução para o português do Brasil Corina ou a Itália (1945, Edições Cultura). Como terceira etapa, comenta-se a retradução com base nas reflexões teóricas de Berman, Pym, Venuti, Gambier. Apresentam-se exemplos dos aspectos semânticos, culturais, estilísticos presentes ao longo dos XX livros, a partir do original e da retradução. Os comentários do processo de tradução permitem uma frutífera troca literária e cultural e a tradução, o estudo e conhecimento da obra de Madame de Staël, por consequência, enriquecem o cânone da literatura francesa traduzida no Brasil.Abstract : This thesis, linked to the research field "Theory, criticism and history of translation" attempts to do a commented retranslation of Mme de Staël's Corinne ou l'Italie (1807). The first chapter describes the life and the works of the author, with emphasis on Corinne ou l'Italie, which was translated and retranslated into other languages, mainly English, Italian and German. In Chapter 2, the first translation of Corinne ou l'Italie into Brazilina Portuguese (1945, Cultura Printings) is presented. In chapter 3 the retranslation is analyzed through comments based on theoretical reflections of Berman, Pym, Venuti and Gambier. Examples of semantic, cultural and stylistics aspects of the XX books (original and retranslated version) are presented. The comments of the translation process allow a rich literary and cultural exchange. As well as a deeper investigation about Madame de Staël's work enriches the standard of French literature in Brazil
Conclusion: A New Path Forward
No full textThe conclusion argues that to renew the field of Pentateuchal criticism—indeed, the historical-critical paradigm in biblical studies more broadly—historical-critical scholars will need to adopt three new priorities in their work. The first is an epistemological shift toward modesty in our goals and toward accepting contingency in our results. The second is a far greater understanding of the rhetorical and compositional practices of the ancient Near East as we adduce notions of what constitutes a fissure in a text and how the biblical texts grew over time. Finally, scholars will need to ground their compositional theories in a new level of linguistic and stylistic analysis, which is now available through the recently launched Tiberias Project: A Web Application for the Stylistic Analysis and Categorization of Hebrew Scriptures, directed by the author of the book, Joshua Berman, and the computational linguist, Moshe Koppel.</p
Review of the book "Small Wars, Big Data" by Eli Berman, Joseph H. Felter, e Jacob N. Shapiro
No full textIn the intentions of the authors, Small Wars, Big Data, is aimed to address the complex issue of civil or intrastate wars and their impact on civilians. This is certainly a topical issue, and it will be a key topic in the coming years, given the spreading of unconventional conflicts. Ongoing conflicts in Syria, Yemen and Afghanistan, addressed in the chapters of this book, show how the boundary between international and non-international conflicts became blurred after the Second World War.
The impact of conflicts on the civil population is the authors' greatest concern. Civilians have always been the innocent victims of every war, but, although protected by the Geneva Conventions, they have become the subject of indiscriminate attacks since 1945 (e.g. the allied bombing of Dresden, Hiroshima and Nagasaki).
At the core of this work, there is the change in the type of warfare. It is a thorny issue, which would require a discussion of what is meant by terrorism and whether and when guerrilla warfare is to be considered a legitimate tactic by insurgents – guerrilla was categorized as "terrorism" from a certain point in time. Today everything from political opponents to hybrid conflicts and even organized crime is "terrorism".
Originally, terrorism was an offshoot guerrilla military tactic employed by resistance groups. Early examples of insurgencies and guerrilla warfare can be traced back to the Túpac Amaru indigenous uprising in highland Peru against Spanish control in the 1780s and in the Caste War in the Yucatán peninsula of Mexico in the 1840s and 1850s (Castro, 1999).
From the fifties onwards, in the aftermath of the Cuban Revolution, insurgency in Latin America was grounded on Marxist-Leninist ideology, and characterized by the use of a variety of violent and nonviolent tactics, including terror, to overthrow governments with guerrilla warfare (Debray, 1967). This phenomenon, previously classified as "insurgency" and/or "guerrilla", was then rebranded "terrorism".
The meaning of terrorism has changed over time. Since the early sixties the term has often been used in a political sense to label national liberation movements in Africa and later in Latin America. It took hold as an instrument in political struggles against governments in the U.S. and Europe, and finally has been identified with the Islamic world.
Any violence can be terrorism, or anti-terrorism. Legitimate defence or aggressive attacks are semantics that depend on the arbitrary judgment of the involved parties. This, by definition, defeats the concept of justice and legality. Terrorism is an effective method of conflict because it is limited in scope, targeted against civilians, and almost impossible to eradicate. This isolates it from the traditional military applications, and by extension, from the same legal and judicial argumentation. However, there are cases where terrorists were those who defended their land from invaders, and the invaders were the ones who marked them as terrorists. There needs to be a clear division between what is and what is not terrorism, and only then will it be possible to clearly define the terms and the scope of conflict against those who are terrorists.
The words "terrorist" and "terrorism" became fluid terms, easy to be manipulated. Today everything, from political opponents to hybrid conflicts and even organized crime, can be construed as terrorism. The very concept of terrorism has changed since the word has a political meaning. Thus, it becomes difficult to distinguish ‘true’ terrorists from those who are political opponents or just common criminals. Terrorism has become an umbrella term encompassing criminals and political opponents. It seems that the problem in labelling acts as terrorism is not what is done, but who does it. Klabbers (2003, p. 300-1) argues that "today's terrorist is tomorrow's freedom fighter", due to the "state-centric nature of international law" and to the "sheer supremacy of politics over law".
The authors correctly frame the international, transnational and hybrid nature of terrorism, as well as its various purposes, whether purely criminal, or political. The limitation of this approach is that the hypothesis that terrorism can also have a state matrix, as demonstrated by several parts, is not taken into consideration at all – this is especially true regarding the recent conflicts in Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria, undertaken in the name of the "War on Terror".
There are hundreds of definitions of terrorism, none of them tackle the problem of state terrorism. Currently the term ‘terrorism’ is commonly used to describe acts committed by non-state or subnational entities, thereby excluding acts committed by lawful governments – it allows those who determine the merit of inclusion the ultimate decision-making power, and there is no accountability, and no oversight of these decisions. Those who pursue these tactics are not persecuted, nor are their methods questioned thoroughly. It would be appropriate to develop a definition of terrorism that would encompass the possibility of a pseudo-state led by terrorists, and the appropriate response in case of a conflict with such a state (e.g. ISIS).
Bockstette (2008, p. 8) wrote that terrorism is "political violence in an asymmetrical conflict that is designed to induce terror and psychic fear (sometimes indiscriminate) through the violent victimisation and destruction of non-combatant targets (sometimes iconic symbols)". Deeming that terror acts are performed by "an illicit clandestine organisation", he excludes their being carried out by a government or its agents. In his definition we perceive Bockstette's typically military vision, which makes a distinction between tactics ("short-and midterm political goals") and strategy ("desired long-term end states").
Through the ten chapters of this book, are analysed conflicts that occurred in the last twenty years in Afghanistan, Iraq, Nigeria and in the Philippines, establishing a relationship between rebels, governments and civilians. The authors conclude that ‘conventional military methods’ might succeed but undermine lasting peace.
In my opinion, the difference between conventional/unconventional – both legally undefined terms – seems to be outdated. A knife, a broken bottle neck (if it cuts your jugular), even a fork, a hammer, a baseball bat, or a stone – according to the biblical story David kills Goliath by hurling a stone from his sling and hitting him in the centre of forehead – are all unconventional and potentially lethal weapons. Nevertheless, distinguishing between weapons, their effect and consequence, is necessary in order to avoid a cascade effect and undesirable outcomes (i.e., civil casualties).
Practitioners and researchers will find this publication useful, as it provides a comprehensive case study of the main conflicts that have occurred in the last twenty years. Small Wars, Big Data does not come to general conclusions, but it’s instead a compilation of stories and lessons learned, that could be useful to policymakers and military leaders to ‘open up political space to get deals done’; this is the strong point of the book.Review of the book "Small Wars, Big Data" by Eli Berman, Joseph H. Felter, and Jacob N. Shapiro, Princeton University Press, 2018, ISBN: 978-0-691-17707-6. The author gratefully acknowledges the European Social Fund (ESF) and the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, for supporting this publication through research grant SFRH/BD/136170/2018
Wallace Berman and the Transmission of Aleph, 1956-66
No full textThesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 134-144).In 1956 in Los Angeles, California, Wallace Berman, a Beat assemblage artist, poet and founder of Semina magazine, began to make a film. Over ten years, the film now known as Aleph became Berman's personal record, documenting family, friends, Verifax collage artwork and inspirations from popular culture. Paint and Letraset were applied across the film celluloid, creating a palimpsest of code and gesture. Aleph is also delineated with Hebrew letters, representing Berman's interest in the Jewish mystical Cabala. Translated as "tradition," "reception" or "transmission," the Cabala ascribes the word of God with hidden meaning, creating a channel from the divine to the human -- a transmission of secret codes. The core of this thesis frames Wallace Berman's film Aleph as both a transmission and an unfinished, unstable document. The form and content of Aleph enact the process of transmission and represent transmission itself. However, since the film is unfinished, abandoned and left with excess fragments, it possesses unstable meaning. This thesis will not substantiate a stable art object; rather, it will frame a process -- transmission -- through which multiple meanings are carried, and through which the unfinished, unstable film object operates as a catalyst towards one possible unity of message: "Art is Love is God."by Chelsea Ryanne Behle.S.M
A window into the Early to mid-Cretaceous infrastructure of the Yukon-Tanana terrane recorded in multi-stage garnet of west-central Yukon, Canada
No full textAmphibolite facies metasedimentary schists within the Yukon-Tanana terrane in the northern Canadian Cordillera reveal a two-stage, polymetamorphic garnet growth history. In situ U-Th-Pb Sensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe dating of monazite provide timing constraints for the late stages of garnet growth, deformation and subsequent decompression. Distinct textural and chemical growth zoning domains, separated by a large chemical discontinuity, reveal two stages of garnet growth characterized in part by: (i) a syn-kinematic, inclusion-rich stage-1 garnet core; and (ii) an inclusion-poor, stage-2 garnet rim that crystallized with syn- to post-kinematic staurolite and kyanite. Phase equilibria modelling of garnet molar and compositional isopleths suggest stage-1 garnet growth initiated at ~600 °C, 8 kbar along a clockwise P-T path. Growth of the compositionally distinct, grossular-rich, pyrope-poor inner portion of the stage-2 overgrowth is interpreted to have initiated at higher pressure and/or lower temperature than the stage-1 core along a separate P-T loop, culminating at peak P-T conditions of ~650-680 °C and 9 kbar. Stage-2 metamorphism and the waning development of a composite transposition foliation ( ST) are dated at c. 118 Ma from monazite aligned parallel to ST, and inclusions in syn- to post- ST staurolite and kyanite. Slightly younger ages ( c. 112 Ma) are obtained from Y-rich monazite that occurs within resorbed areas of both stage-1 and stage-2 garnet, together with retrograde staurolite and plagioclase. The younger ages obtained from these texturally and chemically distinct grains are interpreted, with the aid of phase equilibria calculations, to date the growth of monazite from the breakdown of garnet during decompression at c. 112 Ma. Evidence for continued near-isothermal decompression is provided by the presence of retrograde sillimanite, and cordierite after staurolite, which indicates decompression below ~4-5 kbar prior to cooling below ~550 °C. As most other parts of the Yukon-Tanana terrane were exhumed to upper crustal levels in the Early Jurassic, these data suggest this domain represents a tectonic window revealing a much younger, high-grade tectono-metamorphic core (infrastructure) within the northern Cordilleran orogen. This window may be akin to extensional core complexes identified in east-central Alaska and in the southeastern Canadian Cordillera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]Peer reviewedFinal article publishedin situ monazite geochronologyYukon‐Tanana terraneSHRIMPP–T–t pathmulti‐stage garne
Is exercise training safe and effective for ALL heart failure patients: A retrospective service evaluation of a hospital based cardiac rehabilitation programme
No full textThe main purpose of this study was to investigate whether exercise training is safe and effective for all classifications of heart failure, female and elderly (70 years and above) heart failure patients and also those heart failure patients with significant co-morbidity. Much of the research into exercise training and heart failure has been carried out on middle aged men in NYHA II-III classification of heart failure who have no other significant co-existing conditions. This is not reflective of the population of heart failure patients in general. The cardiac rehabilitation records (n=1000) of heart failure patients who had attended an exercise programme at a hospital based NHS service over a period of ten years were retrospectively evaluated to investigate the safety and efficacy of exercise training. Analysis of baseline statistics and repeated outcome measures were used to investigate the significance of the service and to ascertain where similarities and differences lay with the research. 74% were male, the age range was 17-90 years and 52% of patients had one or more significant co-morbidity. The acute event incidence was recorded at four per 1000 patients. NYHA I patients, female, elderly heart failure patients and those with significant co-morbidity showed significant improvements in functional capacity and quality of life measures with exercise training (p< 0.05). However no conclusion on the effectiveness of exercise could be drawn for NYHA IV heart failure patients due to insufficient recorded data and reduced adherence to exercise sessions for this group. A hospital based exercise programme, therefore may not be the most appropriate setting for the NYHA IV patient. This study supports previous research of the benefit of exercise training in heart failure but broadens it further to show that exercise is safe for all heart failure patients and is also effective for all heart failure patients with the exception of NYHA IV patients where further investigation is needed
Initiative reform in Arizona : exploring some ideas
No full textabstract: Since statehood in 1912, Arizona has been among the nation’s leaders in using the initiative process to either adopt a statute or amend the state constitution by placing a measure on the ballot. But such efforts are anything but easy. In fact, organizers have found it to be an expensive, time-consuming and exhausting process – and one that is unlikely to end successfully.Includes bibliographical references (p. 16-17)
Paul et virginie: paratextos e textos em traduções brasileiras nos séculos XX e XXI
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, Florianópolis, 2014.A presente tese tem como objetivo principal uma proposta de retradução comentada do romance Paut et Virginie do escritor francês Bernardin de Saint-Pierre. Como objetivo secundário, propõe-se uma análise das traduções brasileiras deste romance de 1906 à 2008 no sistema literário brasileiro sob o aspecto da "Visualização das Traduções" bem como um estudo dos paratextos traduzidos e não traduzidos. Tanto para a análise tradutória quanto para a retradução, são estudados trechos representativos a partir da teoria de Antoine Berman (1995), Gerard Genette (2010), Lawrence Venuti (1995). A análise dos excertos de narrativa poética baseia-se principalmente na teoria de Jean-Yves Tadié (1994).Abstract : The present work aims at proposing a commented retranslation on the novel Paul et Virginie, by the French author Bernardin de Saint-Pierre. As a secondary objective, we propose an analysis of the Brazilian translations of this novel from 1906 to 2008 into the Brazilian literary system under the perspective of "View of Translations" and a study of the translated and not translated paratexts. For both the translational analysis and the retranslation we used representative excerpts from the theoretical principles of Antoine Berman (1995), Gerard Genette (2010), and Lawrence Venuti (1995). The analysis of the excerpts of the poetic narrative is based mainly on Jean-Yves Tadié's theory
Breaking stigmas: Art and Cannabis in North America Vol. 3. Audiovisuals: Films, Televison, Images, and Photographs.
No full textThough the proverb states one to never judge a book by its cover, it is undeniable that the vi sual cover of publishing materials does make a significant impact on the purchasing decision. This chapter analyzes cannabis publication covers to reveal marketing techniques that have led to the positive reframing of cannabis commodities for public consumers. By creating a “base” imagery of a green cannabis fan leaf in the center of a white background, publishers encourage consumers to re-structure negative associations with illegal cannabis markets for a clean and refreshed ecological presentation. Cannabis covers post-prohibition simultaneously encourage new associations with legal cannabis markets, while also concealing current socio-economic challenges stemming from the legal industry of cannabis in Colorado.Aunque el proverbio dice que uno nunca debe juzgar un libro por su portada, es innegable que ésta tiene un impacto significativo en la decisión de compra. Este capítulo analiza las portadas de publicaciones sobre cannabis para revelar las técnicas de mercadeo que han llevado a la reformulación positiva de los productos básicos de esa planta para los consumidores. Al crear una imagen “base” (una hoja verde de cannabis, en forma de abanico, sobre un fondo blanco), los editores alientan a los consumidores a replantearse las asociaciones negativas de la planta con los mercados ilegales, con miras a una imagen ecológica, limpia y renovada. Las portadas posteriores a la prohibición fomentan nuevas asociaciones mentales con los mercados legales, al tiempo que soslayan los desafíos socioeconómicos actuales derivados de la industria legal de la cannabis en Colorado.Eighteen months between 2015-2020 were spent conducting ethnographic fieldwork about cannabis budtenders and wage labor issues in Denver, Colorado (Berman, 2021). During this time, I developed a collection of cannabis books. As a visual learner, I scanned the pages, authors’ names, pictures, and page numbers to absorb the information relayed back by these elements. Was the cover bright pink? Did the author have a unique name? Was the book unusually heavy or long? I found myself getting confused between sources because of the similarities of the book covers, which sharply contrasted with the diversity of budtenders and strains that I saw in the cannabis industry. I said to colleagues, “Do you know how difficult it is to do cannabis research when all the books look exactly alike, not just sort of alike, but exactly alike?” (p. 211)
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