523 research outputs found
El Tlacuache Núm. 922 (2020). 922 Año 19 (2020) febrero. El Tlacuache
No full textCapillas y templos desaparecidos en Cuernavaca por Valentín López G. Aranda
Un long chemin semé d'objets cultuels: le cycle initiatique aranda
No full textInternational audienceFrom Durkheim to Lévi-Strauss, through Mauss and many other authors, the founding texts of French anthropology have been deeply inspired by the ethnography of an Australian aboriginal group, the Aranda, particularly with regard to religion, kinship and totemism. Paradoxically, the reference works of Aranda anthropology, such as those of Spencer & Gillen, C. and T. Strehlow, have never been translated into French. Marika Moisseeff presents here a detailed analysis of the Aranda ethnographic material bequeathed by these authors, enriched by more current data on neighboring communities. In so doing, she revises certain classic, somewhat fixed conceptions that the French public too often adopts to consider the social organization and cosmology of Australian Aborigines. The author thus shows that the Aboriginal Dreaming refers less to past and mythical times than to a dynamic entity referring to space, to the very particular landscape of the Australian continent. Similarly, the categories of kinship and totemism respond less to an exclusively classificatory necessity than to a relational logic requiring the regeneration of links from one generation to the next. The unfolding of ritual life constitutes the framework of this rereading of the Aranda data. It takes us step by step through the initiatory itinerary of the individuals that leads them to melt into the Dream, weighted with their atemporal double, the ritual object that supports their spiritual identity.De Durkheim à Lévi-Strauss, en passant par Mauss et bien d'autres auteurs, les textes fondateurs de l'anthropologie française se sont profondément inspirés de l'ethnographie d'un groupe aborigène d'Australie, les Aranda, tout particulièrement en ce qui concerne la religion, la parenté et le totémisme. Paradoxalement, les ouvrages de référence de l'anthropologie aranda, tels que ceux de Spencer & Gillen, C. et T. Strehlow, n'ont jamais été traduits en français. Marika Moisseeff présente ici une analyse détaillée du matériel ethnographique aranda légué par ces auteurs, enrichie par les données plus actuelles portant sur des communautés voisines. Ce faisant, elle rénove certaines conceptions classiques, quelque peu figées, que le public français adopte trop souvent pour considérer l'organisation sociale et la cosmologie des Aborigènes australiens. L'auteur montre ainsi que le Rêve aborigène renvoie moins aux temps passés et mythiques qu'à une entité dynamique se référant à l'espace, au paysage si particulier du continent australien. De même, les catégories de parenté et le totémisme répondent moins à une nécessité exclusivement classificatoire qu'à une logique relationnelle exigeant la régénération des liens d'une génération à l'autre. Le déroulement de la vie rituelle constitue la trame de cette relecture des faits aranda. Il nous fait parcourir pas à pas l'itinéraire initiatique des individus qui les conduit à se fondre dans le Rêve, lesté de leur double atemporel, l'objet cultuel support de leur identité spirituelle
COVID-19 and Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting and child marriage: An online multi-country cross sectional survey.
No full textFemale Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) and child marriage are prevalent in many countries in Asia and Africa. These practices are a violation of human rights and have significant impacts on the physical and mental well-being of those affected. COVID-19 restrictions such as lockdowns and closure of schools may have influenced the occurrence of FGM/C and child marriage. This analysis reported on the impact of these restrictions on FGM/C and child marriage. The International Sexual Health And REproductive Health (I-SHARE) research team organised a multi-country online survey. Sampling methods included convenience samples, online panels, and population-representative samples. Data collected included the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on the occurrence, intention to practice and change in plans to organise FGM/C and child marriage. Data were analysed from 14 countries that reported on FGM/C and child marriage using basic descriptive statistics. Given it was an online survey, we had more responses from urban areas. Among the 22,724 overall participants, 8,829 participants (38.9%) responded to the survey items on FGM/C and child marriage and were included in this analysis. 249 (3.4%) participants stated that FGM/C occurred in their community during COVID-19. Out of this, COVID-19 affected the plans of 26 (20%) participants intending to organise circumcision and 15% of participants planned to organise FGM/C earlier. People with a worry about finances during COVID-19 were more likely to have an earlier plan to organise FGM/C during COVID-19. In total, 1,429 (13%) participants reported that child marriage occurred in their community. The pandemic affected plans of 52 (13%) participants intending to arrange child marriage and 7.7% (29/384) participants expressed intent to arrange the marriage sooner than planned. People with financial insecurities during COVID-19 were more likely to arrange a child marriage earlier. Thus, our study found that the pandemic impacted plans related to FGM/C and child marriage practices, resulting in many carrying out the practices sooner or later than initially planned
Emergency medical service interventions and experiences during pandemics: A scoping review.
No full textThe global impact of COVID-19 has been profound, with efforts to manage and contain the virus placing increased pressure on healthcare systems and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in particular. There has been no previous review of studies investigating EMS interventions or experiences during pandemics. The aim of this scoping review was to identify and present published quantitative and qualitative evidence of EMS pandemic interventions, and how this translates into practice. Six electronic databases were searched from inception to July 2022, supplemented with internet searches and forward and backward citation tracking from included studies and review articles. A narrative synthesis of all eligible quantitative studies was performed and structured around the aims, key findings, as well as intervention type and content, where appropriate. Data from the qualitative studies were also synthesised narratively and presented thematically, according to their main aims and key findings. The search strategy identified a total of 22,599 citations and after removing duplicates and excluding citations based on title and abstract, and full text screening, 90 studies were included. The quantitative narrative synthesis included seven overarching themes, describing EMS pandemic preparedness plans and interventions implemented in response to pandemics. The qualitative data synthesis included five themes, detailing the EMS workers' experiences of providing care during pandemics, their needs and their suggestions for best practices moving forward. Despite concerns for their own and their families' safety and the many challenges they are faced with, especially their knowledge, training, lack of appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and constant protocol changes, EMS personnel were willing and prepared to report for duty during pandemics. Participants also made recommendations for future outbreak response, which should be taken into consideration in order for EMS to cope with the current pandemic and to better prepare to respond to any future ones. The review protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework (osf.io/2pcy7)
Homenaje a los indios americanos. English; Homage to the American Indians.
No full textThis book consists of seventeen poems devoted to the American Indians, mainly of Mexico, by this noted Nicaraguan author. Illustrated with duotone plates by Dino Aranda. Translated by Monique and Carlos Altschul.https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/petry-books/1285/thumbnail.jp
Obras de Francisco Aranda y Ponte.
No full textMode of access: Internet.BEIN Venezuela He96v 1t: Stamps: The South American Exploration Fund, Yale University; Bought of F. Perez de Velasco, October 1912. No. 18 of 18 titles bound together with binder's title: Folletos literarios Venezuela 1831-58. Manuscript table of contents bound at front of volume. Bookplate of Hiram Bingham with stamp: The South American Exploration Fund, Yale University
Qu’en est-il du lien entre mythe et fiction ? Réflexions à partir de l’ethnographie des Aranda (Aborigènes australiens)
No full textRésuméQu’en est-il du lien entre mythe et fiction ? Réflexions à partir de l’ethnographie des Aranda (Aborigènes australiens). – Afin de cerner le rôle social de la fiction dans les sociétés occidentales contemporaines, M. Moisseeff propose d\u27adopter une perspective culturelle comparative. En effet, si comme le rappelle Jean-Marie Schaeffer, la compétence fictionnelle est initiée au cours des interactions précoces entre l’enfant et les adultes amenés à s’occuper de lui, les études transculturelles ont permis de repérer des différences structurelles significatives dans la forme de ces interactions que l\u27auteur met en rapport avec les modes de sociabilité privilégiés dans deux types de contextes culturels : d\u27une part, les sociétés occidentales actuelles où l\u27écrit occupe une place fondamentale et, de l\u27autre, les sociétés à tradition orale. Et pour mettre en évidence le rôle spécifique qu\u27a aujourd\u27hui la fiction en occident, elle le met en perspective avec le processus à l’oeuvre dans la création de certains récits mythiques chez les Aranda, un groupe aborigène de l\u27Australie centrale. L\u27auteur est ainsi à même de montrer que, si oeuvres mythologiques et fictionnelles sont des productions culturelles ayant pour vocation d’être partagées, la forme et la fonction de cette mise en commun des connaissances ont partie liée avec les modes de médiation relationnelle propres à une société donnéeMots-clés : Mythe ; Fiction ; Interactions précoces ; Aborigènes australiens ; Aranda ; Espace transitionnel ; Objet transitionnel ; Activité onirique ; Cosmologie ; Rite. AbstractOn the Relationship between Myth and Fiction:an Approach Based on Aranda (Australian Aboriginal) EthnographyThe author adopts a comparative cultural perspective in order to grasp the social role played by fiction in contemporary Western societies. As Jean-Marie Schaeffer reminds us, fictional competence stems from a child’s early interactions with care-givers. However, cross-cultural studies have identified significant structural differences in how these interactions take place. The author relates these differences to the divergent modes of sociability obtaining in two types of cultural contexts: present-day Western societies in which literary traditions have become central on the one hand, and societies with an oral tradition on the other. The current role of fiction in the West is compared with the processes at play in the creation of mythical narratives among the Aranda, an Aboriginal population of Central Australia. The author shows that whereas both mythological accounts and fictional works are cultural products made to be shared, the form this pooling of knowledge takes, and the functions associated with it, are closely connected with the modes of relational mediation characteristic of the society concerned.Key words: Myth; Fiction; Early childhood interactions; Australian Aborigines; Aranda; Transitional space; Transitional object; Dreaming; Cosmology; Ritua
Risk factors and clinical correlates in eating disorders
No full textThe central scientific objective of the current dissertation was to take a multidisciplinary approach to make use of the full potential information, both scientific and clinical to aid prevention and treatment of EDs. In our studies we assessed a.) social and individual risk factors in EDs (Study 1), b.) empirical ED subtypes based on drive for thinness (DT) and depression (Study 2) and c.) the classification based on these four different empirical ED subtypes without cluster analysis and based on the use of clinical cutoff scores of DT and depression. Finally, we assessed the predictive validity for this subtyping scheme with regard to dropout from CBT in an unselected BN-P population seeking treatment.
Our first line of investigation (Study 1) assessed social and self-standards in EDs. The results of the study suggest that compared to healthy controls, standards for physical appearance, family standards and self-achievements were higher in individuals with EDs, that ED patients show higher self-discrepancy between their personal and social values and confidence to attain them and that the conflict with their significant others over these issues was higher. Furthermore, high social and self-standards was associated with developing an ED, which emphasize the importance of assessing risk factors in ED. Finally we also observed differences in the ED subtypes; physical appearance a greater risk factor in BN and EDNOS while social-other standards were more associated with AN.
The second research area (Study 2 and 3) explored new empirical ED subtypes along DT and depression. In our initial study (Study 2) we found four new ED subtypes through cluster analysis; “DT”, “DT-Depressive”, “mild DT” and “depressive-moderate DT”. This result indicates that dieting and depression are useful for analyzing and identifying ED subtypes.
Study 3 further assessed these empirical subtypes and found that the same subtypes emerged when basing them on scores from clinical well-validated questionnaires and moreover that attrition rates differed between subtypes and that the dropout rate was highest for the “DT-Depressive” subtype. Our findings agree with the growing body of research indicating the importance of dieting and comorbid depression as contributing factors in ED diagnoses. Finally, these findings will hopefully aid in resolving the current controversy surrounding current DSM-ED classifications.El objetivo central de esta tesis ha sido, desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar, integrar los conocimientos clínicos y científicos para contribuir en el avance de la prevención y tratamiento de los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA). En estos estudios, se han explorado una serie de aspectos como a) factores de riesgo sociales e individuales en los TCA (estudio 1), b) identificación de subtipos empíricos de los TCA, basados en el impulso a la delgadez y la realización de dietas y la depresión (estudio 2), y c) asociación entre los cuatro subtipos de TCA, basados en los factores descritos, y respuesta a un abordaje cognitivo-conductual, en una población con diagnóstico de bulimia nerviosa purgativa (BN-P), que solicitaron tratamiento por su trastorno (estudio
3).
Nuestra primera línea de investigación (estudio 1) analizó la implicación de las expectativas sociales e individuales en los TCA. Los resultados de este trabajo sugirieron que las expectativas familiares, individuales y las relacionadas con la apariencia física, eran superiores en pacientes con TCA que en sujetos control. Asimismo, los pacientes con diagnóstico de TCA mostraban mayor discrepancia entre sus valores personales y sociales, menor confianza en poder alcanzarlos y mayor conflicto con sus familiares por estas cuestiones. Por otra parte, la presencia de elevadas expectativas sociales y personales se asociaba al desarrollo de un TCA, lo que enfatizaba la importancia de evaluar estos factores de riesgo. Finalmente, se observaron diferencias significativas entre los subtipos de TCA, siendo la apariencia física un factor de riesgo más presente en BN y en trastornos de la conducta alimentaria no especificados (TCANE), mientras que otras expectativas sociales se asociaban más a la anorexia nerviosa (AN).
La segunda línea de investigación (estudios 2 y 3) exploraba nuevos subtipos empíricos de TCA, teniendo en cuenta las variables de impulso a la delgadez y realización de dietas (ID) y la depresión (D). En el primer trabajo (estudio 2), se obtuvieron cuatro nuevos subtipos a través de un análisis de cluster. Los subgrupos fueron “ID”, “IDDepresivo”, “ID moderado” y “D-ID moderado”. Estos resultados mostraban que la realización de dietas y la depresión eran útiles en el análisis e identificación de subtipos en los TCA.
En el estudio 3 se exploraban estos subtipos con mayor profundidad, observando que se obtenían los mismos subgrupos, cuando nos basábamos en las puntuaciones de diversos cuestionarios clínicos validados. Asimismo, la respuesta al tratamiento era distinta en función de los subtipos de TCA, presentando tasas de abandonos más elevadas el subtipo “ID-Depresivo”. De este modo, los resultados estaban en concordancia con las evidencias empíricas, cada vez mayores, que indican la importancia de la realización de dietas y la depresión comórbida como factores que contribuyen a explicar características diagnósticas en los TCA. Finalmente, estos hallazgos podrían tener una relevancia destacada en la controversia actual sobre las clasificaciones diagnósticas en el próximo DSM.L’objectiu central d’aquesta tesi ha estat, des d’una perspectiva multidisciplinar, integrar els coneixements clínics i científics per a contribuir a l’avenç de la prevenció i tractament dels trastorns de la conducta alimentària (TCA). En aquests estudis, s’han explorat una sèrie d’aspectes com a) factors de risc socials i individuals en els TCA (estudi 1), b) identificació de subtipus empírics dels TCA, i c) associació entre els quatre subtipus de TCA, basats en els factors descrits, i resposta a un abordatge cognitivoconductual, en una població amb diagnòstic de bulímia nerviosa purgativa (BN-P), que varen sol•licitar tractament pel seu trastorn (estudi 3).
La nostra primera línia de recerca (estudi 1) va analitzar la implicació de les expectatives socials i individuals en els TCA. Els resultats d’aquest treball varen suggerir que les expectatives familiars, individuals i les relacionades amb l’aparença física, eren superiors en pacients amb TCA que en subjectes control. Alhora, els pacients amb diagnòstic de TCA mostraven major discrepància entre els seus valors personals i socials, menor confiança en poder aconseguir-los i major conflicte amb els seus familiars per aquestes qüestions. Per altra banda, la presència d’elevades expectatives socials i personals s’associava al desenvolupament d’un TCA, fet que emfatitzava la importància d’avaluar aquests factors de risc. Finalment, es varen observar diferències significatives entre els subtipus de TCA, sent l’aparença física un factor de risc més present en BN i en trastorns de la conducta alimentària no especificats (TCANE), mentre que altres expectatives socials s’associaven més a l’anorèxia nerviosa (AN).
La segona línia de recerca (estudis 2 i 3) explorava nous subtipus empírics de TCA, tenint en compte les variables d’impuls a estar prim i realització de dietes (ID) i la depressió (D). En el primer treball (estudi 2), es varen obtenir quatre nous subtipus a través d’una anàlisi de cluster. Els subgrups foren “ID”, “ID-Depressiu”,“ID moderat” i “D-ID moderat”. Aquests resultants mostraven que la realització de dietes i la depressió eren útils en l’anàlisi i identificació de subtipus en els TCA.
En l’estudi 3 s’exploraven aquests subtipus amb major profunditat, observant que s’obtenien els mateixos subgrups, quan ens basàvem en les puntuacions de diversos qüestionaris clínics validats. Alhora, la resposta al tractament era diferent en funció dels
subtipus de TCA, presentant taxes d’abandonament més elevades el subtipus “IDDepressiu”.
D’aquesta manera, els resultats estaven en concordança amb les evidències empíriques, cada vegada més grans, que indiquen la importància de la realització de dietes i la depressió comòrbida, com a factors que contribueixen a explicar les característiques diagnòstiques en els TCA. Finalment, aquestes troballes podrien tenir una rellevància destacada en la controvèrsia actual sobre les classificacions diagnòstiques en el proper DSM
Excursión a Aranda de Duero (Burgos) el 7 de septiembre de 1953
No full textExcursión a Aranda de Duero, en Burgos, el 7 de septiembre de 1953, de la que se anotaron observaciones sobre los siguientes anfibios: Bufo bufo (Sapo común, llamado B.vulgaris por el autor), Hyla arborea (Ranita de San Anotnio), Pelophylax esculentus (Rana verde europea, llamada, Rana sculenta o R.esculenta ridibunda por el autor), Salamandra salamandra (Salamandra común) y Triturus marmoratus (Tritón jaspeado, llamado Molge marmorata por el autor), los siguientes reptiles: Acanthodactylus erythrurus (Lagartija colirroja, llamada A.vulgaris por el autor), Blanus cinereus (Culebrilla ciega, también llamado Eslabon), Emys orbicularis (Galápago europeo), Natrix maura (Culebra viperina, llamada Tropidonotus viperinus por el autor), Podarcis muralis (Lagartija roquera, llamada Lacerta muralis por el autor) y Timon lepidus (Lagarto ocelado, llamado Lacerta lepida o Lacerta ocellata por el autor), los siguientes mamíferos: Mustela nivalis (Comadreja) y Sciurus vulgaris (Ardilla roja), y las siguientes aves: Crex crex (Guión de codornices) y Fulica atra (Focha común). Se incluyen dos pequeñas ilustraciones a bolígrafo.Trip to Aranda de Duero, at Burgos, the 7th of September of 1953, of which there were noted observations about the following amphibians: Bufo bufo (Common Toad, refered as B.vulgaris by the author), Hyla arborea (European Tree Frog), Pelophylax esculentus (Edible Frog, refered as Rana sculenta or R.esculenta ridibunda by the author), Salamandra salamandra (Fire Salamander) and Triturus marmoratus (Marbled Newt, refered as Molge marmorata by the author), the following reptiles: Acanthodactylus erythrurus (Red-tailes Spiny-footed Lizard, refered as A.vulgaris by the author), Blanus cinereus (Iberian Worm Lizard), Emys orbicularis (European Pond Terrapin), Natrix maura (Viperine Snake, refered as Tropidonotus viperinus by the author), Podarcis muralis (Common Wall Lizard, refered as Lacerta muralis by the author) and Timon lepidus (Ocellated Lizard, refered as Lacerta lepida or Lacerta ocellata by the author), the following mammals: Mustela nivalis (Least Weasel) and Sciurus vulgaris (Red Squirrel), and the following birds: Crex crex (Corncrane) and Fulica atra (Common Coot). Two little pen illustrations are included
Cambios políticos e institucionales en Aranda de Duero desde el acceso al trono de los Reyes Católicos hasta la revuelta comunera
No full textEl autor analiza los principales cambios que introdujeron en el régimen de gobierno local de la villa de Aranda de Duero los Reyes Católicos, y las reacciones que éstos generaron en la sociedad política local. Y, en segundo lugar, pone en relación estas reacciones con las reformas en el régimen de gobierno local que fueron introducidas por los rebeldes comuneros en esta villa en el año 1520, cuando se sumó a la revuelta de las Comunidades.The author studies the main changes that were introduced by the Catholic Monarchs in the local government institutions of the Castilian town of Aranda de Duero, and the reactions that these changes provoked in the local political society. In the second place, he establishes the connections between these reactions and the reforms that were introduced in the above-mentioned institutions by the "comunero" rebels in this town in 1520, when it adhered to the revolt of the "Comunidades"
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