125,264 research outputs found
Oxyurichthys omanensis Zarei, Al Jufaili & Esmaeili 2022
No full text<p> 32. <i>Oxyurichthys omanensis</i> Zarei, Al Jufaili & Esmaeili, 2022 ―Oman’s Eyebrow Goby― <b>Endemic</b></p> <p> <b>Taxonomy.</b> Original description: <i>Oxyurichthys omanensis</i> Zarei, Al Jufaili & Esmaeili, 2022:365, figs. 2-6 [Yeti (Yiti) mudflat/estuary at Yeti village, Muscat, Oman, 23°31’52”N, 58°39’51”E; Holotype: ZM-CBSU S105- 19]. Synonyms: None.</p> <p> <b>Status in the Arabian Peninsula.</b> Recorded from Oman in original description by Zarei <i>et al</i>. (2022).</p> <p> <b>General distribution.</b> Gulf of Oman: Muscat area, northern Oman. Habitat: brackish, marine.</p> <p> <b>Distribution in the Arabian Peninsula.</b> Oman: Yeti (Yiti) mudflat/estuary at Yeti village.</p> <p> <b>Economic importance.</b> No commercial importance.</p> <p> <b>Conservation.</b> Not Evaluated (NE).</p> <p> <b>Remarks:</b> <i>Boleophthalmus dussumieri</i> Valenciennes, 1837, <i>Periopthalmus waltoni</i> (Koaumans, 1941) and <i>Scartelaos tenuis</i> (Day, 1876) have also been reported from the mud flats of Oman (Randall 1995, Al Jufaili <i>et al.</i> 2010).</p>Published as part of <i>Esmaeili, Hamid Reza & Hamidan, Neshat, 2023, Inland fishes of the Arabian Peninsula: Review and a revised checklist, pp. 201-226 in Zootaxa 5330 (2)</i> on page 215, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5330.2.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8249316">http://zenodo.org/record/8249316</a>
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Нові види та комбінації лишайників роду Protoparmeliopsis (Lecanoraceae, Lichenized Ascomycotina)
No full textTwo new species of the genus Protoparmeliopsis M. Choisy,
P. zareii S.Y. Kondr. and P. esfahanensis S.Y. Kondr. & B. Zarei-Darki,
are described, compared with closely related taxa, and illustrated.
Twenty thee new combinations for the following taxa are proposed: Protoparmeliopsis baicalensis (for Lecanora baicalensis Zahlbr.), P.
ba ranowii (for Lecanora baranowii Tomin), P. bipruinosum (for Le canora bipruinosa Fink), P. bog do e n sis (for Lecanora bogdoensis Tomin),
P. chlorophtha l mum (for Lecanora chlorophthalma Poelt & Tomin), P. crustaceum (for Squamarina crustacea Savicz), P. degelii (for Squamarina
degelii Poelt), P. dispersoareolatum (for Placodium dispersoareolatum
Körb.), P. geisereae (for Le canora geisereae B.D. Ryan), P. hieroglyphicum (for Le ca nora hieroglyphica Poelt), P. kofae (for Lecanora kofae
B.D. Ryan & T.H. Nash), P. kotovii (for Placodium kotovii Oxner), P.
kukunorensis (for Lecanora kukunorensis H. Magn.), P. mazatzalensis
(for Lecanora mazatzalensis B.D. Ryan & T.H. Nash), P. nashii (for
Lecanora nashii B.D. Ryan), P. novomexicanum (for Lecanora no vo mexi cana H. Magn.), P. orbicularis (for Lecanora po ly t ropa var. orbicularis
Schaer.), P. phaedrophthalmum (for Lecanora phaedrophthalma Poelt),
P. sierrae (for Lecanora sierrae B.D. Ryan & T.H. Nash), P. sphaeroideum (for Pla codium sphaeroideum Oxner), P. stramineum (for Par melia straminea Wahlenb.), P. uzbekicum (for Le canora uzbekica Poelt)
and P. verruculiferum (for Placodium verruculiferum Oxner).Наведено описи, порівняння з близькоспорідненими видами двох нових для науки видів роду Protoparmeiopsis M. Choisy — P. Zareii S.Y. Kondr. і P. esfahanensis S.Y. Kondr. & B. Zarei-Darki. Крім того, запропоновані нові комбінації назв 23 лишайників, у тому числі: Pro to par meliopsis baicalensis, P. baranowii, P. bipruinosum, P. bogdoensis, P. chlorophthalmum, P. crustaceum.The authors express sincere thanks to the Isfahan Provincial Directorate of Environmental
Protection for the help in rendering of collections realization in the protected
territories. SK expresses his deep thanks to Dr. B. Zarei-Darki for the possibility to
work with Iranian collection
Нові види та комбінації лишайників роду Protoparmeliopsis (Lecanoraceae, Lichenized Ascomycotina)
No full textTwo new species of the genus Protoparmeliopsis M. Choisy,
P. zareii S.Y. Kondr. and P. esfahanensis S.Y. Kondr. & B. Zarei-Darki,
are described, compared with closely related taxa, and illustrated.
Twenty thee new combinations for the following taxa are proposed: Protoparmeliopsis baicalensis (for Lecanora baicalensis Zahlbr.), P.
ba ranowii (for Lecanora baranowii Tomin), P. bipruinosum (for Le canora bipruinosa Fink), P. bog do e n sis (for Lecanora bogdoensis Tomin),
P. chlorophtha l mum (for Lecanora chlorophthalma Poelt & Tomin), P. crustaceum (for Squamarina crustacea Savicz), P. degelii (for Squamarina
degelii Poelt), P. dispersoareolatum (for Placodium dispersoareolatum
Körb.), P. geisereae (for Le canora geisereae B.D. Ryan), P. hieroglyphicum (for Le ca nora hieroglyphica Poelt), P. kofae (for Lecanora kofae
B.D. Ryan & T.H. Nash), P. kotovii (for Placodium kotovii Oxner), P.
kukunorensis (for Lecanora kukunorensis H. Magn.), P. mazatzalensis
(for Lecanora mazatzalensis B.D. Ryan & T.H. Nash), P. nashii (for
Lecanora nashii B.D. Ryan), P. novomexicanum (for Lecanora no vo mexi cana H. Magn.), P. orbicularis (for Lecanora po ly t ropa var. orbicularis
Schaer.), P. phaedrophthalmum (for Lecanora phaedrophthalma Poelt),
P. sierrae (for Lecanora sierrae B.D. Ryan & T.H. Nash), P. sphaeroideum (for Pla codium sphaeroideum Oxner), P. stramineum (for Par melia straminea Wahlenb.), P. uzbekicum (for Le canora uzbekica Poelt)
and P. verruculiferum (for Placodium verruculiferum Oxner).Наведено описи, порівняння з близькоспорідненими видами двох нових для науки видів роду Protoparmeiopsis M. Choisy — P. Zareii S.Y. Kondr. і P. esfahanensis S.Y. Kondr. & B. Zarei-Darki. Крім того, запропоновані нові комбінації назв 23 лишайників, у тому числі: Pro to par meliopsis baicalensis, P. baranowii, P. bipruinosum, P. bogdoensis, P. chlorophthalmum, P. crustaceum.The authors express sincere thanks to the Isfahan Provincial Directorate of Environmental
Protection for the help in rendering of collections realization in the protected
territories. SK expresses his deep thanks to Dr. B. Zarei-Darki for the possibility to
work with Iranian collection
CMB circular and B -mode polarization from new interactions
No full textStandard models describing the radiation transfer of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) through Compton scattering predict that cosmological scalar perturbations at linear order are not able to source V and B polarization modes. In this work, we investigate the possibility that such CMB polarization modes are generated even in the presence of linear scalar perturbations only. We provide a general parametrization of the photon-fermion forward-scattering amplitude and compute mixing terms between different CMB polarization modes. We discuss different general extensions of Standard Model interactions which violate discrete symmetries, while preserving the combination of charge conjugation, parity and time reversal. We show that it is possible to source CMB circular polarization by violating parity and charge conjugation symmetries. Instead, B-mode generation is associated to the violation of symmetry for time-reversal. Our results provide a useful tool to constrain new physics using CMB data
Anoplocheylus sinai Bagheri, Zarei, Ahaniazad, Gharekhany & Navaei-Bonab, 2013, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Anoplocheylus sinai</i> sp. nov. Bagheri <p>(Figs. 1–2)</p> <p>Female (n=11). Dimensions of holotype (measurements of paratypes in parentheses): length of body (including gnathosoma) 688 (570–710), length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 500 (470–500); width 275 (200–304), length of leg I 425 (363–408), leg II 275 (230–260), leg III 338 (304–341), leg IV 413 (375–400).</p> <p> <i>Dorsum</i> (Fig. 1 A). Peritremes present in membrane connecting gnathosoma and idiosoma, entirely chambered (approximately 30 chambers in each side); prodorsal shield with a pair of claviform sensillae (<i>sc1</i>) 60 (58–70) long (Fig. 1 C) and 5 pairs of simple setae with posterior pair (<i>sc4</i>) very long 90 (95–110) and whip-like; hysterosoma striate and with 16 pairs of setae (<i>c1-h2</i>); setae <i>d3</i> 114 (110–132) and <i>f1</i> 78 (75–80) very long</p> <p> <i>Venter</i> (Fig. 1 B). With 20 pairs of subequal setae (excluding pseudanal setae); 2 pairs of setae between coxae I, 3 pairs of aggenital setae and 3 pairs of genital setae present; with 2 pairs of pseudanal setae, <i>ps1</i> 35 (34–42) dorsally and <i>ps2</i> 60 (58–72) ventrally.</p> <p> <i>Gnathosoma</i>. Palp (Fig. 1 D) four-segmented; trochanter without setae; femur with 4 simple setae; small genu with 2 setae; tibiotarsus with 1 terminal claw, 2 subapical spurs, 1 falcate seta and 9 simple setae; subcapitulum with 4 pairs of setae, 2 pairs of subcapitular setae and 2 pairs of adoral setae; chelicerae (Fig. 1 A) separate and with 2 setae, proximal setae 45 (42–45) long</p> <p> <i>Legs</i> (Figs. 2 and 1 B). Legs with pretarsus (not shown in 2A) stalked, annulated, bearing a pliable empodium; claws absent; leg femora divided; setal counts of leg segments (solenidia and seta ĸ not included) as follows: Tarsi 21(ω)- 9(ω)-10-10, tibiae 10(φ,ĸ)-5-7-7, genua 7-5-4-4, telofemora 6-4-3-3, basifemora 8-3-3-2, trochanters 1-2-2- 1, coxal fields 4-3-3-2.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> This species is named in honour of Sina Zare, son of the second author.</p> <p> <b>Other stages.</b> Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype and ten paratype females from soil in apple and blackcherry orchards, Miandoab and Azarshahr, East Azerbaijan province, Iran, 29 September 2010, by Elham Zarei and Mansoureh Ahaniazad. The holotype and one paratype will be deposited in the mite collection of the ARC- Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa and nine paratypes were deposited in the Collection of the Acarology Laboratory, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Anoplocheylus sinai</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> closely resembles <i>A</i>. <i>malayeriensis</i> and <i>A</i>. <i>clavatus</i> in having setae (<i>sc1</i>) claviform, five pairs of simple setae on the prodorsal shield, and <i>d3</i> and <i>f1</i> the longest hysterosomal setae. However, it can be easily distinguished from <i>A. clavatus</i> by having claviform sensillae more slender opposed to distinctly broad in <i>A. clavatus</i>. The new species can also be distinguished from <i>A. malayeriensis</i> by: (1) tarsi III and IV with 10 setae vs. 9 setae in <i>A</i>. <i>malayeriensis</i>; (2) tibiae I with 10 (φ,ĸ) vs. 9 (φ,ĸ) in <i>A. malayeriensis</i>; (3) telofemura II with 4 setae vs. 3 setae in <i>A. malayeriensis</i>; and (4) trochanter II with 2 setae vs. 1 setae in <i>A. malayeriensis.</i></p>Published as part of <i>Bagheri, Mohammad, Zarei, Elham, Ahaniazad, Mansoureh, Gharekhany, Gholamhossein & Navaei-Bonab, Reza, 2013, Two new species of the genus Anoplocheylus Berlese, 1910 (Acari: Trombidiformes: Pseudocheylidae) from Iran, pp. 291-297 in Zootaxa 3599 (3)</i> on pages 292-294, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3599.3.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/217493">http://zenodo.org/record/217493</a>
Ponticola hircaniaensis Zarei & Esmaeili & Kovačić & Schliewen & Abbasi 2022, sp. nov.
No full textPonticola hircaniaensis sp. nov. English name: Hyrcanian goby (Figs. 5–6, Table 4) Synonyms Ponticola gorlap (Iljin, 1949): Zarei et al. 2021: 1272, table 2 (partim: Kaboudval Stream) Holotype. ZM-CBSU S101-6, male, 76.9 + 21.6 mm; Iran: Golestan prov.: Kaboudval stream, 36°53‘11.0“N 54°53‘37.8“E; F. Zarei, 27 August 2021. Paratypes. ZM-CBSU S099-1 to S099-12, 7 males, 5 females, 52.8 + 14.0–80.8 + 20.4 mm; Y. Bakhshi, Z. Ganjali & A. Jouladeh-Roudbar, 28 August 2017.—ZM-CBSU S100-1 to S100-4, 4 males, 49.8 + 13.1–95.9 + 24.1 mm; F. Zarei & Y. Bakhshi, 31 August 2019.—ZM-CBSU S101-1 to S101-5 & S101-7 to S101-15, 9 males, 5 females, 54.9 + 15.0–91.3 + 26.0 mm; F. Zarei, 27 August 2021. All paratypes were collected from Iran, Golestan prov., Kaboudval Stream, 36°53’11.0”N 54°53’37.8”E. Additional material. ZM-CBSU S099, 29 specimens, 21.8–62.7 mm SL; Y. Bakhshi, Z. Ganjali & A. Jouladeh-Roudbar, 28 August 2017.—ZM-CBSU S100, 26 specimens, 27.5–47.8 mm SL; F. Zarei & Y. Bakhshi, 31 August 2019.—ZM-CBSU S101, 9 specimens, 45.0– 50.2 mm SL; F. Zarei, 27 August 2021. All additional material was collected from Iran, Golestan prov., Kaboudval Stream. ......continued on the next page ......continued on the next page Material used in the molecular genetic analysis. Mitochondrial COI: molecular IDs: P2776–P2778 (ZMCBSU P2776 to P2778), P162 (ZM-CBSU P162), 3432 (ZM-CBSU S101-2, paratype), 3433–3440 (ZM-CBSU S101-19 to S101-26), 3441 (ZM-CBSU S101-7, paratype), 3443 (ZM-CBSU S101-9, paratype), 3444 (ZM-CBSU S101-12, paratype), 16 specimens (GenBank accession numbers: MW393596 – MW393598, and ON166711 – ON166723).—Nuclear S7: molecular IDs: 3432 (ZM-CBSU S101-2, paratype), 3438 (ZM-CBSU S101-24), 3435 (ZM-CBSU S101-21), 3443 (ZM-CBSU S101-9, paratype), 4 specimens (GenBank accession numbers: ON186768 – ON186771). All from Iran, Golestan prov., Kaboudval Stream, 36°53’11.0”N 54°53’37.8”E, F. Zarei & Y. Bakhshi, 31 August 2019 & 27 August 2021. Material used in the otolith analysis. ZM-CBSU K18, K21, K24 & K28, S101-21, S101-26, 12/19–12/22, 12/26–12/31, 12/33–12/34, and 12/37–12/39, 21 specimens, 49.24–78.44 mm SL; Iran: Golestan prov., Kaboudval Stream, 36°53’11.0”N 54°53’37.8”E; F. Zarei & Y. Bakhshi, 31 August 2019. Diagnosis. Ponticola hircaniaensis sp. nov. is distinguished from all other congeneric species in the Caspian Sea basin by the following combination of characters: D2 I/14–I/16 (usually I/15), A I/10–I/12 (usually I/11), LL 52–59; lower jaw slightly, if at all, prognathous; head and body yellowish brown, showing a reticulate brown pattern on a yellow background, D1 with a marginal bright orangish-yellow band and a dark anterior spot, P base upper part with a distinct dark brown stripe; D1 third spine length 13.4–18.3 % SL, D2 spine length 11.1–13.8 % of SL, caudalpeduncle length and depth 16.4–20.1 % and 11.1–12.8 % of SL, respectively, head depth at nape and eye 70.9–81.0 % and 52.5–66.0 % of HL, respectively. Dorsal rim of sagittal otolith with a broad concavity in the middle, dorsal depression absent or indistinct, SuL/SuH and SuH/OH ratio 1.47–1.82 and 0.34–0.40, respectively. Description. All morphometric values in the text are presented as holotype first and paratypes, if different, in parentheses. General morphology (Fig. 5): Body proportions are given in Table 4. Body moderately elongate, its depth at pelvic-fin origin 3.94 (3.78–4.78) in SL, at anal-fin origin 4.94 (4.82–5.52) in SL, laterally compressed posteriorly, with caudal peduncle moderately deep, caudal-peduncle depth 0.67 (0.57–0.76) of caudal-peduncle length. Head large, the length 3.32 (3.16–3.51) in SL, width 4.12 (3.62–4.48) in SL, its depth 4.11 (4.01–4.85) in SL and 1.0 (0.82–1.05) of width. Postorbital profile steep. Snout short, oblique, convex, longer than eye, its length 1.41 (1.13– 1.62) of eye diameter, 3.64 (3.11–3.91) in head length. Anterior nostril short, erect flared tube, the rim posteriorly elevated; posterior nostril pore-like, with more or less raised rim. Eyes dorsolateral, more lateral than dorsal, small, eye diameter is 5.15 (4.02–5.32) in head length, orbit slightly elevated. Interorbital wide, 1.44 (1.28–2.58) in eye diameter. Mouth directed obliquely upwards, lower jaw little if at all prognathous, upper lip widened in middle and swollen, angle of jaws below pupil. Cheek deep and prominent. Dentary in both jaws with conical teeth in outermost and innermost rows, irregular rows of smaller teeth in-between. Branchiostegal membranes fused to isthmus along the entire lateral margin of the isthmus, from immediately anterior to pectoral margin, gill openings restricted to pectoral-fin base. Fins. D1 VI; D2 I/14–16 (holotype I/14; paratypes: I/14:8, I/15:18, I/16:4) (last bifid); A I/10–I/12 (holotype I/11; paratypes: I/10:2, I/11:21, I/12:7) (last bifid); P 17–20 (holotype, left side: 18; paratypes, left side: 17:2, 18:22, 19:5, 20:1), V I/5 + 5/I. Morphometric characters are given in Table 4. D 1 dorsal profile horizontal, lower than the highest part of D2 dorsal profile. First to fourth D1 spines becoming progressively longer, fifth D1 spine shorter than the second. First D1 spine almost as long as D2 spine. D2 highest in the middle. D1 and D2 connected by interdorsal membrane, interdorsal space between D1 VI and D2 I narrow. D2 originates slightly in front of vertical to anus. A originates below 4th to 5th branched rays of D2. A with last ray origin below origin of penultimate ray or below origin of last ray of D2. The D2 (except for large specimens) and A rays not reaching backwards the base of uppermost and lowermost caudal-fin rays, respectively. C rounded, shorter than head length. P reaches beyond vertical of D2 origin. P rays all branched, the uppermost rays not free from the membrane. V disc complete, rounded, originates slightly anterior of vertical through D1 origin, not reaching anus or rarely extending almost to anterior anus origin, the variability present in both sexes. V all rays branched. V anterior membrane present, lateral lobes of anterior membrane well developed and with pointed tips. Squamation. Nape, predorsal area, upper 1/3 of opercle, posterior part of breast, and abdomen all covered with cycloid scales, and the rest of the body covered with ctenoid scales. Scales on caudal peduncle slightly enlarged. Cheek naked. Base of pectoral fin naked. LL 52–59 (holotype, left side: 55; paratypes, left side: 52:1, 53:7, 54:5, 55:3, 56:4, 57:8, 58:1, 59:1), TR 16–20 (holotype, left side: 19; paratypes, left side: 16:4, 17:5, 18:15, 19:5, 20:1), PD 19–23 (holotype 21; paratypes: 19:2, 20:8, 21:12, 22:7, 23:1). Lateral line system (Fig. 6). Cephalic canals. AOC, POC, and PC present. AOC with a single, unified interorbital section, carrying 12 pores: a pair of posterior nasal pores σ, single interorbital pores λ and κ, and paired ω, α, β, ρ; pores σ and ρ terminal, pore λ directly on the canal, pores κ and ω behind the canal, and pores α and β lateral of the canal. POC paired, each with two pores: θ and τ. PC paired, each side with three pores: γ, δ and ε. Head sensory papillae. Rows with range of number of sensory papillae in parentheses. Preorbital: median series in five rows: r 1 (6–9) and r 2 (7–8) as oblique rows opposite posterior nostril, extending over the canal section between λ and σ; midline of snout anterior of λ free of neuromasts; s 1 (7–11) and s 2 (8–11), as transverse rows anterior to σ; s 3 (13–18) as cluster anterior and lateral of s 2 , reaching near to upper lip; lateral series in four rows, each doubled; c 2 oblique between the anterior and posterior nostrils, with lower section (7–9) often longer than upper (4–6); c 1 (10–14) transversal lateral of anterior nostril and dorsal of c 2 (10–13); c 2 and c 1 (7–9) in longitudinal and oblique rows, respectively; c 2 ventral of c 1 , c 1 ventral of c 2 and dorsal of d 1 (22–26), oblique and posteriorly close to suborbital row 1. Suborbital: seven transversal (1–7) and two longitudinal (b, d) rows on cheek, rows 1–4 (1: 21–29, 2: 20–27, 3: 22–31, 4: 31–36) before longitudinal row b, long, ventrally extending to level of d, dorsally reaching close to eye except row 2 and sometimes row 3; rows 1 and 2 above and anterior to rear edge of jaws, row 3 right above or slightly behind the jaws angle; row 5 and 6 divided by b in short superior (5s: 9– 11, 6s: 7–9) and longer inferior (5i: 16–20, 6i: 12–18) sections; 5i ending above longitudinal row d, 6i passing behind row d, ending slightly below its level; 5i and 6i not confluent with each other; row 7 short (2–6), immediately anterior of pore α; row b (21–27) anteriorly reaching to below posterior end of pupil; row d long, not reaching 6i posteriorly, often distinctly divided and separable in two slightly overlapping parts, the anterior supralabial row d 1 oblique, following the border of the upper lip and reaching below the anterior origin of d 2 (21–24), the posterior row d 2 longitudinal on cheek; row d 1 anteriorly passing row 1. Asymmetrical variant specimens (30% of the material examined and only on the left side of the head) were found with one additional row before row b, i.e., five transverse suborbital rows before row b and eight transverse suborbital rows in total, or with four transverse suborbital rows before row b, but followed by one additional row below row b, i.e., three transverse rows below row b. Preoperculo-mandibular: not shown in Figure 4. Three rows, e, i and f; external row e distinctly divided at articulation of lower jaws in anterior mandibular (e 1 : 51–63) and posterior preopercular (e 2 : 47–59) sections; anterior and posterior sections of internal row i (i 1 , i 2 ) are continuous (93–123), their separation at articulation of lower jaws is indistinct; both usually with additional papillae and i 1 continuous with the symphyseal row f (10–14). Oculoscapular: eight transversal (z, q, u, trp, y, as 1 –as 3 ) and four longitudinal (x 1 , x 2 , la 2 –la 3 ) rows including the axillary series; x 1 long (17–20), parallel to and exceeding AOC, reaching to trp (5–6); x 2 (6–9) in elongation of x 1 , above posterior fourth of opercle, parallel to and exceeding POC; z (7–9) in elongation of PC, ventrally reaching close to but not exceeding pore γ; y (7–8) immediately behind τ and below x 2 ; three short transverse rows in oculoscapular groove between ρ and θ; q (4–5) anterior most, close to ρ, extending ventrally of the oculoscapular groove and sometimes with one or two papillae dorsal of ρ; posterior most trp close to θ, extending dorsally and passing upwards the level of x 1 ; between q and trp a third transverse row named here row u (3–4) considering its position despite row being transverse; transversal axillary rows as 1 -as 3 long (as 1 : 12–18, as 2 : 13–17, as 3 : 12–15); longitudinal axillary series represented by two rows (la 2 : 2–4, la 3 : 2–3). Opercular: three rows, one transversal (ot: 38–52), sometimes divided in two parts, and two longitudinal (os: 17–23, oi: 14–19) rows. Anterior-dorsal (occipital): five rows, two transversal (n and o) and three longitudinal (g, m and h); n (9–11) behind pore ω of AOC; rows o (6–10) widely separated; row g (7–12) posterior of o, not reaching row o anteriorly; m (5–8) almost parallel to g, behind and below it; h anterior to origin of first dorsal fin (D1), divided in two sections (h 1 : 5–8, h 2 : 3–6). Colouration. No distinct sexual dichromatism, or colouration differences in hybrids is evident on the specimens. In life: head and body yellowish brown; several large dark brown saddles on back below the dorsal fins and on the caudal peduncle; flanks covered with many dark brown spots and row of irregular and elongated dark blotches along the midline, all forming a reticulate pattern on a yellow background; cheek with brown reticulations or mottlings, and with a short brown longitudinal stripe starting below eye and going backwards about half way to preopercle; upper lip with reticulate patterns or mottles; P base with reticulate patterns, upper part with a distinct dark brown stripe. Breast, abdomen, and fins greyish. D1 with two to three brown horizontal bands, and a bright orangish-yellow horizontal band along upper edge of I–V interradial membrane, progressively narrowing posteriorly; upper anterior part of D1 with a dark oblique spot on I–II interradial membrane below the marginal band. D2 with three distinct longitudinal rows of yellowish-brown spots on proximal part, distal half with numerous small spots on the sides of the rays. Anal fin without any distinct band or mark. P rays yellowish. P and C with several concentric narrow rows of yellowish-brown spots, concentrated near base of fin. D2, A, and C with whitish fringe along the edge. Preserved specimens: background colour of the preserved specimens less yellowish; brown saddles on back below D1 and D2 and on the caudal peduncle; flanks with row of large dark blotches along the midline. Head and body with less pronounced reticulate patterns. Cheek with a longitudinal dark brown stripe. Fins dark grey. D1 with a white band across upper edge, two to three horizontal dark bands, and a dark oblique spot between I–II. P base with a dark strip on the upper part. Horizontal rows and brown spots on all fins less distinct than in live specimens. Otolith. (Figs. 1 & 7a–d, Table 5). The five specimens with the new species haplotype were not examined for their otoliths since they were (i) fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution (formaldehyde causes decalcification and degradation of otoliths) for subsequent morphological analyses, (ii) included as paratypes (4 of 5; see material examined). Therefore, otoliths from a total of 21 specimens from the Kaboudval Stream (including several specimens with the gorlap haplotype) were examined using light microscopy and digital photographs. All otoliths were similar in general morphology, thus, four of these otoliths (Fig. 7 a-d) were selected randomly for SEM imaging, morphometric measurements, and description. The otoliths have a parallelogram shape, with marked preventral and posterodorsal projections. The otolith length to height (OL/OH) ratio is 1.22–1.39; the dorsal rim with a broad concavity in the middle, smooth; predorsal angle orthogonal; posterodorsal projection highly positioned, broad, long, pointed or blunt, and slightly bent outwards. The anterior rim usually lacks incision, or is sometimes incised at or slightly above the level of ostium, inclined at 72.30–84.29° (β). Posterior rim almost parallel to the anterior rim or a little less oblique, inclined at 101.31–104.86° (γ), with a concavity (incision or notch) below the posterodorsal projection at or slightly below the level of cauda. Angle of preventral to posterodorsal traverse 24.36–34.14° (δ). Ventral rim horizontal and smooth; preventral projection usually long, sometimes short, pointed or blunt; posteroventral angle usually orthogonal. Sulcus centrally positioned, sole-shaped, anteriorly inclined at 10.22–19.06° (α), very deep with developed ostial lobe. Sulcus moderately long, and very wide; the ratio of sulcus length to height (SuL/SuH) 1.47–1.82. The sulcus height to otolith height (SuH/OH) ratio is 0.34–0.40. Subcaudal iugum present, short (usually 1/3 cauda length), slender, below the anterior part of the cauda. Ventral furrow running with a moderate distance to ventral rim, curved upwards anteriorly to or slightly below the level of the ostial apex and turning upwards to the level of the caudal tip or slightly below it. Dorsal depression indistinct or absent. Otolith variables and shape indices are provided in Table 5. ......continued on the next page Sexual dimorphism. Sexes can be distinguished externally by the shape of the urogenital papilla, which is conical in males with pointed posterior edge, and wider, trapezoid and with villous posterior edge in females. Males grow to a larger size (up to 120.0 mm total length vs. 101.2 mm for female maximum recorded total length). All morphometric and meristic characteristics are overlapping, males however, (i) tend to have a deeper cheek (18.02–24.37 vs. 16.92–19.61% of Hl), (ii) are dominated by individual (14 of 21) with 15 branched rays in the second dorsal fin [vs. 14 branched rays in females (6 of 10)], and (iii) show a larger range of pectoral fin rays (17–20 vs. 18–19). Etymology. Named for Hyrcania, the Greek name for the south Caspian region where the species occurs. Distribution and conservation. Ponticola hircaniaensis sp. nov. is known only from its type locality, located 1 km south of the city of Aliabad-e-Katul (Figs. 8–9). Its small population is confined to a single area (extent of occurrence <2 km 2) above the Zarrin Gol Dam (IUCN criteria B1 and Ba for critically endangered species) (Fig. 9). Habitat fragmentation by the dam is likely to block gene flow, resulting in decline of genetic diversity, and possibly increases competition for spawning territories and resources, and increases hybridization with P. gorlap. Moreover, according to our field observations, there is a decline in quality of habitat at Kaboudval due to excessive grazing, erosion, and human effects [IUCN criterion Bb(iii)]. In addition, Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) and Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859, two of the most successful invasive fish species in the world with negative impacts on native fish species, have established populations at Kaboudval. For example, high densities of P. parva have severe and significant impacts on native trophic food webs, resulting in overlap with native fishes trophic niches, increased egg predation, and transmission of the novel fungal fish pathogen Sphaerothecum destruens, which is responsible for the decline of many native fish populations (Andreou et al. 2012). Based on the extremely small area of endemism threatened by negative anthropogenic impact we suggest that P. hircaniaensis sp. nov. should be classified as Critically Endangered (CR) species, fulfilling geographic range criteria (extant of occurrence combined with two more conditions) for this category, according to the IUCN (2012) red list categories. Ecology. Ponticola hircaniaensis sp. nov. is an exclusively freshwater species, restricted to a very shallow foothill stream (0.1–0.3 m depth, 1–2 m width) with slow current (Fig. 9). The bottom is muddy-sandy or composed of cobbles and boulders, pebbles and gravel, and the banks are vegetated. The collecting site was at the altitude of 196 m a.s.l., and 79 km inland from the Caspian Sea. Syntopic fish species were Alburnoides tabarestanensis MousaviSabet, Anvarifar & Azizi, 2015, Gambusia holbrooki Girard, 1859, Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky, 1855), and Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846).Published as part of Zarei, Fatah, Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, Kovačić, Marcelo, Schliewen, Ulrich K. & Abbasi, Keyvan, 2022, Ponticola hircaniaensis sp. nov., a new and critically endangered gobiid species (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the southern Caspian Sea basin, pp. 401-430 in Zootaxa 5154 (4) on pages 408-421, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5154.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/665112
Statistical mechanics of the “Chinese restaurant” process: lack of self-averaging, anomalous finite-size effects, and condensation
No full textThe Pitman-Yor, or Chinese restaurant process, is a stochastic process that generates distributions following a power law with exponents lower than 2, as found in numerous physical, biological, technological, and social systems. We discuss its rich behavior with the tools and viewpoint of statistical mechanics. We show that this process invariably gives rise to a condensation, i.e., a distribution dominated by a finite number of classes. We also evaluate thoroughly the finite-size effects, finding that the lack of stationary state and self-averaging of the process creates realization-dependent cutoffs and behavior of the distributions with no equivalent in other statistical mechanical models
Новые виды лихенофильных грибов рода Zwackhiomyces (Xanthopyreniaceae, Ascomycota) из провинции Эсфахан (Иран)
No full textНаведено описи, порівняння з близькоспорідненими видами та ілюстрації двох нових для науки видів роду Zwackhiomyces (зокрема: Z. esfahanensis S.Y. Kondr. & B. ZareiDarki та Z. zareii S.Y. Kondr.). Крім того, вперше для Ірану наведено три види: лишайник (Caloplaca intrudens H. Magn.) та два види ліхенофільних грибів (Zwackhiomyces sphinctrinoides (Zwackh) Grube & Hafellner і Zwackhiomyces coepulonus (Norman) Grube & R. Sant.), а також для провінції Есфахан (один вид лишайника — Protoparmeiopsis garovaglii (Körb.) S.Y. Kondr. та два види ліхенофільних грибів — Arthonia molendoi (Heufl. ex Frauenf.) R. Sant. і Muelleriella pygmaeum (Körb.) D. Hawksw.). Три види ліхенофільних грибів (Zwackhiomycessphinctrinoides, Lichenoconium erodens M.S. Christ. & D.L. Hawksw. та L. lecanorae (Jaap) D.L. Hawksw.) указані вперше для Казахстану.Приведены описания, сравнение с близкородственными видами и илюстрации двух нових для науки видов рода Zwackhiomyces (в частности: Z. esfahanensis S.Y. Kondr. & B. Zarei-Darki и Z. zareii S.Y. Kondr.). Кроме того, впервые для Ирана приведены три вида (лишайник — Caloplaca intrudens H. Magn. и два вида лихенофильных грибов — Zwackhiomyces sphinctrinoides (Zwackh) Grube & Hafellner и Zwackhiomyces coepulonus (Norman) Grube & R. Sant.), а также для провинции Эсфахан (один вид лишайника — Protoparmeiopsis garovaglii (Körb.) S.Y. Kondr. и два види лихенофильных грибов — Arthoniamolendoi(Heufl. ex Frauenf.) R.Sant. и Muelleriella pygmaeum (Körb.) D.Hawksw). Три вида лихенофильных грибов (Zwackhiomyces sphinctrinoides, Lichenoconium erodens M.S. Christ. & D.L. Hawksw. и L. lecanorae (Jaap) D.L. Hawksw.) указаны впервые для Казахстана.The authors express sincere thanks to the Isfahan Provincial Directorate of Environmental Protection for the help in rendering of collections in the protected areas. SK expresses his deep thanks to Dr. B. Zarei-Darki for the possibility to work with Iranian collection
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