1,721,206 research outputs found
Effects of fungicides on tuber borchii and hebeloma sinapizans ectomycorrhizas
No full textCompeting ectomycorrhizal fungi can cause problems during the commercial production of edible Tuber species infected plants in greenhouses and later when infected plants are transplanted to the field. We investigated the effect of selective fungicides on Tuber borchii, in the presence of Hebeloma sinapizans, both in vitro and during the production of T. borchii infected Quercus pubescens. Oxycarboxin completely suppressed the growth of H. sinapizans but had only a weak fungitoxic effect on the growth of T. borchii both in vitro and on Q. pubescens roots. In contrast, other fungicides either suppressed both fungi or T. borchii more than H. sinapizans
A quick and precise technique for identifying ectomycorrhizas by PCR
No full textA rapid procedure was developed to amplify ITS fragments directly from Tuber ectomycorrhizas either synthesized in a greenhouse or collected from the field. The addition of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) to the reaction mixtures overcame the presence of reaction inhibitors present in fungal and root cells, and enabled the amplification of the ITS regions directly from ectomycorrhizal tissues. This method is cheaper and less time-consuming than conventional procedures, and reduces the time required from 1-4 h to a few minutes. It is also much more sensitive, allowing the identification of just a small fragment of a mycorrhizal root tip. Because of this it is possible to select only the target fungal tissue and hence minimise the risk of contamination by saprobic or other mycorrhizal species. The method also avoids the use of toxic or hazardous substances. This method could have a wider application in other areas of applied mycology. © 2005 The British Mycological Society
Biotechnological Exploitation of Macrofungi for the Production of Food, Pharmaceuticals and Cosmeceuticals
No full textIn the Chapter the species of mushrooms which can be exploited for their food value or biotech products including pharmaceuticals, nutriceuticals, nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals are described
Characterization of Tuber borchii and Arbutus unedo mycorrhizas
No full textFor the first time, arbutoid mycorrhizas established between Tuber borchii and Arbutus unedo were described. Analyzed mycorrhizas were from one T. borchii natural truffle ground, dominated by Pinus pinea, as well as synthesized in greenhouse conditions. A. unedo mycorrhizas presented some typical characteristics of ectomycorrhizas of T. borchii. However, as in arbutoid mycorrhizas, ramification was cruciform and intracellular colonization in epidermal cells was present. The ability of T. borchii to form ectomycorrhizas with A. unedo opens up the possibility to also use this fruit plant for truffle cultivation. This represents an important economic opportunity in Mediterranean areas by combining both the cultivation of precious truffles and the production of edible fruits which are used fresh or in food delicacies
The Potential of Mushrooms in Developing Healthy Food and Biotech Products
No full textWild and cultivated edible and medicinal mushrooms have long been known by humans as a source of valuable food and medicines in Asian and European countries. Currently, only a small fraction of estimated fungal biodiversity has been investigated for their bioactivities and medicinal properties, while mushrooms possess a potential in pharmacy, medicine, cosmetics and food industry. In the kingdom of fungi, mushrooms taxonomically belong to phyla Basidiomycota (class Agaricomycetes) and Ascomycota (class Pezizomycetes) of the subkingdom Dikarya. Mushrooms,such as truffles (Tuber),morels (Morchella), Agaricus bisporus, Boletus edulis and oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus species), are considered gourmet healthy food. Mushrooms (Ganoderma and Trametes species, Hericium erinaceus, Lentinula edodes, etc.) are also perspective sources for myco-pharmacological research as source of bioactive molecules (alkaloids, lipids, phenolics, polysaccharides, proteins, steroids, terpenoids, etc.) with more than 130 medicinal effects (anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolaemic, hypoglycaemic, hypotensive, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, etc.). There is scientific evi-dence of using mushroom-derived biotech products as dietary food, pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals and other products available in the market
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
TuberKey: a DELTA-based tool for the description and interactive identification of truffles
No full textMorphological and molecular characterisation of mycelia of ectomycorrhizal fungi in pure culture
No full textBoletus edulis, Boletus aestivalis, Boletus luridus, Amanita muscaria and Hebeloma radicosum mycelia were isolated in pure culture and characterised by morphological and molecular methods. Molecular identification was performed by sequence analyses from the ITS region of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes. The phylogenetic affiliation of the isolated mycelia were evaluated by comparison of their ITS sequences with those deposited in the GenBank database. Pure cultures of isolates of the different fungal genera under investigation showed differences in growth rate, colony morphology and/or hyphal biometric characters. In contrast, the morphological characteristics of the mycelia of the three Boletus species were similar, but these species were distinguished by ITS data. Problems remain, however, in the affiliation of these ITS sequences with those of the B. edulis group that are currently deposited in public databases
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