145 research outputs found
The Manual of NCL
No full textThe principal goal of designing NCL is to provide programmers with a declarative language, which is fast to learn and easy to use, for solving a large scope of combinatorial problems. To develop NCL (Natural Constraint Language in Te ) became the author's idea in early 1995. It was mainly designed and used during the author's thesis work for solving the famous job-shop scheduling problem [14], supervised by Alain Colmerauer. Several hard instances of the problem have been solved. Part of NCL's constraint library has been used for solving a transportation problem of a public service for handicapped people [4]. Concerning license agreement, Jianyang Zhou reserves the copyright of this document and the corresponding software NCL. Permission to use, copy, and distribute version 1.2 of NCL for any purpose without fee is hereby granted, provided that this entire notice is included in all copies of the system. Concerning warranty, though the software has been used for a long time, it is insufficiently tested and debugged. So the software is being provided \as is", without any expressed or implied warranty. In particular, the author does not make any representation or warranty of any kind concerning the merchantability of the software or its fitness for any particular purpose. Finally, please also note that the present document is not detailed
Stomach-specific calpain, nCL-2, localizes in mucus cells and proteolyzes the β-subunit of coatomer complex, β-COP
No full textCalpain is a Ca2+-regulated cytosolic protease. Mammals have 14 calpain genes, half of which are predominantly expressed in specific organ(s); the rest are expressed ubiquitously. A defect in calpains causes lethality/pathogenicity, indicating their physiological indispensability. nCL-2/calpain-8a was identified as a stomach-specific calpain, whose physiological functions are unclear. To elucidate these, we characterized nCL-2 in detail. Unexpectedly, nCL-2 was localized strictly to the surface mucus cells in the gastric epithelium and the mucus-secreting goblet cells in the duodenum. Yeast two-hybrid screening identified several nCL-2-intracting molecules. Of these, the -subunit of coatomer complex (-COP) occurs in the stomach pit cells and is proteolyzed by nCL-2 in vitro. Furthermore, -COP and nCL-2 co-expressed in COS7 cells co-localized in the Golgi, and Ca2+-ionophore stimulation caused the proteolysis of -COP near the linker region, resulting in the dissociation of -COP from the Golgi. These results strongly suggest novel functions for nCL-2 that involve the membrane trafficking of mucus cells via interactions with coat protein
KINETIC SPECTROSCOPY OF THE NCl
No full text Work supported by Air Force Office of Scientific Research Thomas et al Chem. Phys. Lett. 299, 583 (1993).Author Institution: Department of Chemistry, Emory University; Department of Chemistry, Physical Science Inc. 20 New England Business Center; Department of Chemistry, Air Force Research LaboratoryRenewed interest in the low-lying metastable electronic states of NCl has been generated by the realization that may be used as energy carrier in chemical laser . In order to characterize the conditions within a device (local temperature, pressure and concentration) we are currently developing spectroscopic diagnostic based on direct absorption measurements of transition. We report studies of the system using photolitic generation of NCl, combined with long-path absorption measurements. A CW ring dye laser was used to obtain high resolution (Doppler limited) spectra. Branching ratios for were determined for 193 and 248 nm photolysis. Time-resolved measurements provided information about NCl energy transfer and reaction kinetics. The advance of the results of transfer lasers will be discussed
A Genetic Cascade of let-7-ncl-1-fib-1 Modulates Nucleolar Size and rRNA Pool in Caenorhabditis elegans
No full textRibosome biogenesis takes place in the nucleolus, the size of which is often coordinated with cell growth and development. However, how metazoans control nucleolar size remains largely unknown. Caenorhabditis elegans provides a good model to address this question owing to distinct tissue distribution of nucleolar sizes and a mutant, ncl-1, which exhibits larger nucleoli than wild-type worms. Here, through a series of loss-of-function analyses, we report that the nucleolar size is regulated by a circuitry composed of microRNA let-7, translation repressor NCL-1, and a major nucleolar pre-rRNA processing protein FIB-1/fibrillarin. In cooperation with RNA binding proteins PUF and NOS, NCL-1 suppressed the translation of FIB-1/fibrillarin, while let-7 targeted the 3'UTR of ncl-1 and inhibited its expression. Consequently, the abundance of FIB-1 is tightly controlled and correlated with the nucleolar size. Together, our findings highlight a novel genetic cascade by which post-transcriptional regulators interplay in developmental control of nucleolar size and function
QUADRUPOLE COUPLING IN THE MICROWAVE SPECTRA OF AND ITS ISOTOPIC SPECIES
No full text1 P. Groner. H. Nanaie and J.R. Durig, J. Mol. Struct (1987) 160, 37.Author Institution: University of Missouri , Kansas City, 5100 Rockhill Rd., Kansas City, MO 64110.The analysis of the microwave spectra of resulted in a quadrupole coupling tensor with and for . The results from the analysis for were 62.79(105) and -102.78(84) MHz, respectively. In the original work on could not be increased to above 52 MHz and not decreased to below -94.7 MHz despite all efforts. The reason for the discrepancy was found in the way that the quadrupole splittings were calculated. The original did not take into account the matrix elements off-diagonal in , the approximate quantum number from the coupling of J and . The analysis of the spectra of the isotopic species was made with the program modified to include all matrix elements of the exacl Hamiltonian for the exact quantum number F < 35/2 (from the coupling of and ). The results of the reanalysis of the will also be given and the important consequences for the molecular structure will be discussed
The 3’ UTR of <i>fib-1</i> is under the control of NCL-1.
No full text<p>(A) Schematic for a FIB-1::GFP transgene construct that harbors 3' UTR sequence from either the <i>fib-1</i> or <i>unc-54</i> gene, or with mutated PUF binding site. (B) Before image acquisition, worms of different strains were first labeled with or without WGA 555 prior to mixture at an equal ratio. Expression of the <i>fib-1</i> 3' UTR reporter (FIB-1::GFP) was examined in the N2 (<i>cguIs1</i>; WGA-positive and indicated by numbers and contours in red) and <i>ncl-1</i> mutant (<i>ncl-1(e1942); cguIs1</i>; WGA-negative and indicated by numbers and contours in white) backgrounds. Insets in the left panels represent enlarged versions of the boxed regions (R1); images on the right denote magnified versions of the boxed regions in the corresponding images on the left (R2), and represent the tail hypodermis. Red and white arrowheads pinpoint the hyp9 and hyp10 cells of respectively the <i>cguIs1</i> and <i>ncl-1(e1942)</i>; <i>cguIs1</i> worms. Scale bar, 100 μm in images on the left and 10 μm in images on the right. (C) Comparison of FIB-1::GFP expression of a pair of worms carrying a reporter with <i>unc-54</i> 3' UTR (<i>cguIs19</i> and <i>ncl-1(e1942); cguIs19</i>, respectively WGA-positive and WGA-negative, and indicated by numbers in red and in white). Image on the upper right denotes a magnified version of the boxed region in the corresponding image on the left (R1) and represents the tail region. Insets of upper right panel represent the nucleolus (labeled with No1 and No2) of tail hypodermis from worm 5 and worm 9, respectively. Note the enlargement of nucleolus in <i>ncl-1(e1942); cguIs19</i> but similar fluorescence intensity as <i>cguIs19</i> (lower right image, which is an enlarged version of the R2 box region from upper right image). Scale bar: 100 μm (left panels) and 10 μm (right panels). (D)-(E) Quantitative image analysis for FIB-1::GFP reporter expression in the whole worms. Fluorescence in images shown in Fig 3B (the <i>cguIs1</i> and <i>ncl-1(e1942); cguIs1</i> worm pair containing a full-length of <i>fib-1</i> 3' UTR) (D), in Fig 3C (the <i>cguIs19</i> and <i>ncl-1(e1942); cguIs19</i> worm pair containing the <i>unc-54</i> 3' UTR) (E), were quantitatively determined, with ratios between the indicated strains being shown in the bar graph. Asterisk signifies the difference: *<i>P</i> < 0.05; ***<i>P</i> < 0.001; <i>n</i> = 148–215 animals.</p
Passing the Torch: Reminiscences with Frances Bryant Bradburn, Editor Emerita, North Carolina Libraries, 1985–2002
No full textThis article features an interview between the author and North Carolina Libraries Editor Emerita Frances Bryant Bradburn
COMPOSER: UM AMBIENTE DE AUTORIA DE DOCUMENTOS NCL PARA TV DIGITAL INTERATIVA
No full textCom o advento da adoção de um padrão de TV digital
interativa pelo Brasil,
tem crescido o interesse pela análise das possíveis
alternativas nas mais diversas
áreas que compõem um sistema de TV digital. No caso do
Brasil, NCL é a
linguagem declarativa adotada para modelagem de aplicações
interativas no
Sistema Brasileiro de TV Digital Terrestre (ISDTV-T -
International System for
Digital TV). Nesse contexto, este trabalho apresenta a
ferramenta Composer, um
ambiente de autoria voltado para a criação de programas
NCL para TV digital
interativa. Da mesma forma como no editor HyperProp, no
qual é baseado, no
Composer as abstrações são definidas nos diversos tipos de
visões que permitem
simular um tipo específico de edição (estrutural,
temporal, leiaute e textual). Essas
visões funcionam de maneira sincronizada, a fim de
oferecer um ambiente
integrado de autoria. Além de ter sua interface gráfica e
funcional remodelada,
principalmente a visão temporal, problemas de
representação e edição de objetos
de mídia, relacionamentos de sincronismo entre objetos,
dentre eles os
relacionamentos interativos, e edição ao vivo são
tratados. Em resumo, o sistema
proposto visa facilitar e agilizar a criação de aplicações
voltadas para TV digital
abstraindo do autor toda, ou pelo menos parte da
complexidade de se programar
em NCL através desse ambiente de autoria.With the advent of adoption of an interactive digital TV
standard by the
Brazilian government, the interest for the analysis of
possible alternatives in
several areas that compose a digital TV system has
increased. In the case of
Brazil, NCL is the declarative language adopted for
modeling interactive
applications in the Brazilian Terrestrial Digital TV
System (ISDTV-T -
International System for Digital TV). In that context,
this work presents
Composer, an authoring tool to create NCL documents for
interactive digital TV.
In the same way that in the HyperProp editor, in which it
is based, in Composer
the abstractions are defined using views that allow to
simulate a specific type of
edition (structural, temporal, layout and textual). Those
visions work in a
synchronized way, in order to offer an integrated
authoring tool. Besides having
the user and the functional interface remodeled, mainly
its temporal view,
problems of representation and edition of media objects,
relationship problems,
amongst then the interactive relationships, and live
edition are treated. In
summary, the proposed system tries to make easier the
creation of documents for
digital TV abstracting from the author all, or at least
some complexity of
programming in NCL using this authoring tool
The <i>let-7-ncl-1-fib-1</i> pathway controls the nucleolus size and function.
No full text<p>(A) Putative miRNA target sites within the <i>ncl-1</i> 3' UTR. The alignment on the right indicates the <i>ncl-1</i> 3' UTR/<i>let-7</i> complement, with numbers denoting sequences relative to the stop codon. GFP reporter construct (driven by <i>ncl-1</i> promoter) that contains wild-type 3' UTR sequence (wt) or mutated <i>let-7</i> target sites (m) was used to generate transgenic worms. (B) Expression of the GFP protein and mRNA expression in worms carrying the reporter gene with wild-type (wt) vs. mutant (m) <i>ncl-1</i> 3' UTR. (A) Immunoblots of GFP reporter and the control Actin in the indicated worms. Numbers below represent relative levels of normalized GFP expression, based on quantified intensity of immunoblotting signals from three independent experiments. (C) Quantitative RT-qPCR analysis of <i>gfp</i> mRNA expression in the indicated transgenic worms. **<i>P</i> < 0.01; <i>n</i> = 4. (D) Characterization of GFP reporter expression in the seam (top; scale bar of 100 μm) and vulva (bottom; scale bar of 10 μm) cells. Arrowheads point to the seam cells, while red and green contours respectively denote the vulva (Fv) and intestinal (Fi) areas in the bottom images. (E) Quantitative depiction of the ratios of average fluorescence intensity in the indicated strains. Ratios were derived from the vulva (Fv) vs. intestinal (Fi) comparison, as shown in (D). ***<i>P</i> < 0.001; <i>n</i> = 46 animals. (F) DIC microscopy of the vulva cells of the <i>let-7(n2853)</i> and <i>let-7(n2853); ncl-1(e1942)</i> worms, at the permissive (15°C) or non-permissive (25°C) temperature. Insets represent enlarged images of the boxed regions in the corresponding figures. Arrowheads point to the nucleoli of the vulva cells. Scale bar, 10 μm. (G) Quantitative representation of the results shown in (F), illustrating the distribution of nucleolar areas in the vulva. Asterisk signifies difference between the indicated strains: ***<i>P</i> < 0.001; ns, no significance; <i>n</i> = 22–36 [for <i>let-7(n2853)</i> worms] or 100–110 [for <i>ncl-1(e1942); let-7(n2853)</i> worms]. (H) Western blot analysis of FIB-1 and Actin (as control) in the indicated strains. Numbers below represent the relative levels of FIB-1 protein expression (normalized to the control sample of each pair-wise comparison), calculated from five independent experiments. (I) Northern blot analysis of 26S rRNA and <i>Actin</i> mRNA expression in the indicated strains of worms as shown in (H). Numbers below represent the relative levels of 26S rRNA, with control sample of each pair-wise comparison being represented as 1.</p
Genetic control of nucleolar size: An evolutionary perspective
No full textExploiting a C. elegans mutant (ncl-1) exhibiting nucleolar abnormalities, we recently identified the let-7/ncl-1/fib-1 genetic cascade underlying proper rRNA abundance and nucleolar size. These 3 factors, let-7 (a miRNA), NCL-1 (a member of the TRIM-NHL family), and fibrillarin (a nucleolar methyltransferase), are evolutionarily conserved across metazoans. In this article, we provide several lines of bioinformatic evidence showing that human and Drosophila homologues of C. elegans NCL-1, TRIM-71 and Brat, respectively, likely act as translational suppressors of fibrillarin. Moreover, since their 3'-UTRs contain putative target sites, they may also be under the control of the let-7 miRNA. We hypothesize that let-7, TRIM and fibrillarin contribute activities in concert, and constitute a conserved network controlling nucleolar size in eukaryotes. We provide an in-depth literature review of various molecular pathways, including the let-7/ncl-1/fib-1 genetic cascade, implicated in the regulation of nucleolar size
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